References
- Aghaee-Shalmani, Y. and Hakimzadeh, H., 2015. Experimental investigation of scour around semi-conical piers under steady current action. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 19 (6), 717–732. doi: 10.1080/19648189.2014.968742
- Ataie-Ashtiani, B. and Beheshti, A.A., 2006. Experimental investigation of clear-water local scour at pile groups. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132 (10), 1100–1104. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:10(1100)
- Bozkus, Z. and Cesme, M., 2010. Reduction of scouring depth by using inclined piers. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 37 (12), 1621–1630. doi: 10.1139/L10-099
- Bozkus, Z. and Yildiz, O., 2001. Experimental investigation of scouring around inclined bridge piers. Reno, US: Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference.
- Bozkus, Z. and Yildiz, O., 2004. Effects of inclination of bridge piers on scouring depth. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130 (8), 827–832. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:8(827)
- Chiew, Y.M. and Melville, B.W., 1987. Local scour around bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 25 (1), 15–26. doi: 10.1080/00221688709499285
- Dargahi, B., 1990. Controlling mechanism of local scouring. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 116 (10), 1197–1214. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1990)116:10(1197)
- Emami, Y., Salamatian, S.A. and Ghodsian, M., 2008. Scour at cylindrical bridge pier in a 180 degree channel bend. Fourth International Conference on Scouring and Erosion, 5–7 November 2008, Tokyo, 256–262.
- Heidarnejad, M., Bajestan, M.S. and Masjedi, A., 2010. The effect of slots on scouring around piers in different positions of 180-degrees bends. World Applied Sciences Journal, 8 (7), 892–899.
- Heidarpour, M., Afzalimehr, H. and Izadinia, E., 2010. Reduction of local scour around bridge pier groups using collars. International Journal of Sediment Research, 25 (4), 411–422. doi: 10.1016/S1001-6279(11)60008-5
- Lee, S.O. and Sturm, T.W., 2009. Effect of sediment size scaling on physical modeling of bridge pier scour. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 135 (10), 793–802. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000091
- Leschziner, M.A. and Rodi, W., 1979. Calculation of strongly curved open channel flow. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 105 (10), 1297–1314.
- Melville, B.W. and Hadfield, A.C., 1999. Use of sacrificial piles as pier scour countermeasures. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125 (11), 1221–1224. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:11(1221)
- Neill, C.R., 1967. Mean-velocity criterion for scour of coarse uniform bed-material. Twelfth Congress of the International Association for Hydraulics Research, 11–14 September 1967, Co, USA.
- Oliveto, G. and Hager, W.H., 2002. Temporal evolution of clear-water pier and abutment scour. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 128 (9), 811–820. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:9(811)
- Raudkivi, A.J. and Ettema, R., 1983. Clear-water scour at cylindrical piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 109 (3), 338–350. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1983)109:3(338)
- Raudkivi, A.J., 1986. Functional trends of Scour at Bridge Piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 112 (1), 1–13. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1986)112:1(1)
- Vaghefi, M., Ghodsian, M. and Salimi, S., 2015. Scour formation due to laterally inclined circular pier. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 41 (4), 1311–1318. doi: 10.1007/s13369-015-1920-6
- Vaghefi, M., Ghodsian, M. and Salimi, S., 2016. The effect of circular bridge piers with different inclination angles toward downstream on scour. Sadhana, 41 (1), 75–86. doi: 10.1007/s12046-015-0443-x
- Wang, H., et al., 2016. Clear-water local scouring around three piers in a tandem arrangement. Science China Technological Sciences, 59 (6), 888–896. doi: 10.1007/s11431-015-5905-1