References
- Ahmad, N., Mohamed, T., Ali, H., & Yusuf, B. (2014). Clear-water local scour at wide piers in shallow-water flow. Water Practice & Technology, 9(3), 3. https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2014.035
- Amini, A., Melville, B., & Mohd, T. A. (2014). Local scour at piled bridge piers including an examination of the superposition method. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2011-0389
- Amini, A., & Mohamad, T. A. (2017). Local scour prediction around piers with complex geometry. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 35(6), 857–864. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2016.1256923
- Amini, A., Mohd, T. A., Ghazali, H., Huat, B., & Aziz, A. (2010). A local scour prediction method for pile cap in complex piers. ICE-Water Management, 164(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1680/wama.900064
- Amini, A., & Solaimani, N. (2018). The effects of uniform and nonuniform pile spacing variations on local scour at pile groups. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, 36(7), 861–866. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2017.1392658
- Arneson, L. A., Zevenbergen, L. W., Lagasse, P. F., & Clopper, P. E. (2012). Evaluating scour at bridges (5th ed.). U.S. Depart. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.
- Ashtiani, B. A., Baratian-ghorghi, Z., & Beheshti, A. A. (2010). Experimental investigation of clear-water local scour of compound piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 136(6), 343–351. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2010)136:6(343)
- Bateni, S., Borghei, S., & Jeng, D. (2007). Neural network and neuro-fuzzy assessments for scour depth around bridge piers. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 20(3), 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2006.06.012
- Bui, D. T., Shirzadi, A., Amini, A., Shahabi, H., Al-Ansari, N., Hamidi, S., Singh, S. K., Pham, B. T., Ahmad, B. B., & Ghazvinei, P. T. (2020). A hybrid intelligence approach to enhance the prediction accuracy of local scour depth at complex bridge piers. Sustainability, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031063
- Coleman, S. E. (2005). Clearwater local scour at complex piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 131(4), 330–334. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:4(330)
- Faghih, H., Amini, A., Haidari, F., & Khalili, K. (2016). Assessing the artificial neural network efficiency to estimate suspended sediment load using classified data. Environment and Water Engineering, 1(1), 51–64.
- Firat, M., & Gungor, M. (2009). Generalized regression neural networks and feed forward neural networks for prediction of scour depth around bridge piers. Advances in Engineering Software, 40(8), 731–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2008.12.001
- Hagan, M. T., Demuth, H. B., & Beale, M. (1996). Neural network design (2nd ed., 1015 p). PWS Publishing.
- Hosseini, R., & Amini, A. (2015). Scour depth estimation methods around pile groups. KSCE, Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(7), 2144–2156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0594-7
- Hosseini, R., Fazloula, R., Saneie, M., & Amini, A. (2017). Bagged neural network for estimating scour depth around pile groups. International Journal of River Basin Management, 16(4), 401–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2017.1372449
- Jannaty, M. H., Eghbalzadeh, A., & Hosseini, S. A. (2016). Using field data to evaluate the complex bridge piers scour methods. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 43(3), 218–225. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0118
- Melville, B. W., & Chiew, Y. M. (1999). Time scale for local scour at bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125(1), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:1(59)
- Melville, B. W., & Coleman, S. E. (2000). Bridge scour (572p). Highlands Ranch, CO: Water Resources Publications.
- Moreno, M., Maia, R., & Couto, L. (2015). Effects of relative column width and pile-cap elevation on local scour depth around complex piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 142(2), 04015051. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001080
- Sheppard, D. M., & Renna, R. (2005). Bridge scour manual ( 129p). Florida department of transportation.
- Solaimani, N., Amini, A., Banejad, H., & Ghazvinei, P. T. (2017). The effect of pile spacing and arrangement on bed formation and scour hole dimensions in pile groups. International Journal of River Basin Management, 15(2), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2016.1274321
- Toth, E., & Brandimarte, L. (2011). Prediction of local scour depth at bridge piers under clear-water and live-bed conditions: Comparison of literature formulae and artificial neural networks. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 13(4), 812–824. https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2011.065
- Zounemat-Kermani, M., Beheshti, A., & Ataie-Ashtiani, B. (2009). Estimation of current-induced scour depth around pile groups using neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Applied Soft Computing, 9(2), 746–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2008.09.006