Methodology for determining life-cycle environmental impacts due to material and energy flows in wastewater pipeline networks: A case study of Oslo (Norway)

References

• Ambrose , M. D. and Burn , S. Embodied energy of pipe networks . Pipes Wagga Wagga 2005 Conference, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia . 17–20 October 2005
   Google Scholar
• Beavis , P. and Lundie , S. 2003 . Integrated environmental assessment of tertiary and residuals treatment – LCA in the wastewater industry . Water Science and Technology , 47 ( 7–8 ) : 109 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BFRL – Building and Fire Research Laboratory . 2008 . “ National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Government's Department of Commerce, Maryland, USA. Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability Software (BEES® 4.0) ” . (http://www.bfrl.nist. gov/oae/software/bees/bees.html). Accessed in November 2008
   Google Scholar
• CML . 2002 . CML 2001 Impact assessment method , University of Leiden, Institute of Environmental Sciences . (www.leidenuniv.nl) Accessed 14 December 2008
   Google Scholar
• CPSA (Concrete Pipeline Systems Association) . 2001 . Environmental assessment of UK sewer systems: Groundbreaking research , Leicester, , UK : Concrete Pipeline Systems Association .
   Google Scholar
• Eckard , R. 2008 . Wastewater News: Station efficiency reduces greenhouse gas emissions . Journal American Water Works Association , 100 ( 6 ) : 35 pp
   Google Scholar
• Eurofer . 2008 . European Confederation of Iron and Steel Industries. Facts and Figures (www.eurofer.org/index. php/eng/Facts-Figures). Accessed 28 October 2008
   Google Scholar
• Gouda , H. , Ashley , R. M. , Gilmour , D. and Smith , H. 2003 . Life-cycle analysis and sewer solids . Water Science and Technology , 47 ( 4 ) : 185 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huijgbregts , M. A.J. , Breedveld , L. , Huppes , G. , de Koning , A. , van Oers , L. and Suh , S. 2003 . Normalisation figures for environmental life-cycle assessment – The Netherlands (1997/1998), Western Europe (1995) and the world (1990 and 1995) . Journal of Cleaner Production , 11 ( 7 ) : 737 – 748 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawashima , Y. 2002 . “ Application of LCA to sewer system projects ” . In 2002 Annual Report of NILIM , Tsukuba City, , Japan : National Institute of Land and Infrastructure Management, Government of Japan . (www.nilim.go.jp/english/report/annual/ annual2002/021.pdf). Accessed June 2009
   Google Scholar
• Kristiansen , P. 2008 . “ Personal communication with P. Kristiansen, Chief of Sewage Department ” . Oslo VAV, Oslo, Norway, July 2008
   Google Scholar
• Lassaux , S. , Renzoni , R. and Germain , A. 2007 . LCA of water: From pumping stations to the wastewater treatment plant . International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment , 12 ( 2 ) : 118 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundin , M. and Morrison , G. M. 2002 . A life-cycle assessment based procedure for development of environmental sustainability indicators for urban water systems . Urban Water , 4 : 145 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• May , J. 2008 . GarlandWater Utilities introduces Fleet-Green . Journal of the American Water Works Association , 100 ( 6 ) : 62
   Google Scholar
• Nowak , O. 2003 . Benchmarks for the energy demand of nutrient removal plants . Water Science and Technology , 47 ( 12 ) : 125 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PR´eConsultants . 2008 . Simapro 7.1.5 , Amersfoort, , The Netherlands : PR´e Consultants .
   Google Scholar
• Racoviceanu , B. , Karney , W. , Kennedy , C. A. and Colombo , A. F. 2007 . Life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions inventory for water treatment systems . Journal of Infrastructure Systems , 13 ( 4 ) : 261 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remy , C. and Jekel , M. Ecological assessment of selected alternative sanitation concepts via LCA . Paper presented at the International Conference on Life-Cycle Management . 27–29 August , Zurich, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• Sægrov , S. 2010 . “ Personal communication. Professor in the Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering ” . Norwegian, University of Science and Technology
   Google Scholar
• Strutt , J. , Wilson , S. , Shorney-Darby , H. , Shaw , A. and Byers , A. 2008 . Assessing the carbon footprint of water production . Journal of the American Water Works Association , 100 ( 6 ) : 80 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories . 2008 . Ecoinvent database v2.01 Technical report (www.ecoinvent.org). Accessed September 2008
   Google Scholar
• Ugarelli , R. , Venkatesh , G. , Brattebø , H. and Sægrov , S. 2008 . Importance of investment decisions and rehabilitation approaches in an ageing wastewater pipeline network: A case study of Oslo (Norway) . Water Science and Technology , 58 ( 12 ) : 2279 – 2293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugarelli , R. , Venkatesh , G. , Brattebø , H. and Sægrov , S. 2010 . Asset management for urban wastewater pipeline networks . Journal of Infrastructure Systems , 16 ( 2 ) : 112 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh , G. , Ugarelli , R. , Brattebo , H. and Sægrov , S. MFA—Bedrock of optimisation of expenditure in an ageing wastewater pipeline network (Oslo case study) . Paper presented at the ConAccount Conference, 11–12 September . Prague. Czech Republic
   Google Scholar
• Venkatesh , G. , Hammervold , J. and Brattebø , H. 2009 . Combined MFA-LCA for analysis of wastewater networks: Case study of Oslo, Norway . Journal of Industrial Ecology , 13 ( 4 ) : 532 – 550 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh , G. and Brattebø , H. 2010 . Life-cycle environmental impacts from pipeline materials, types and activities in the water supply network of Oslo, 1991–2006 . Under review with the Journal of Industrial Ecology ,
   Google Scholar
• Vince , F. , Aoustin , E. , Breant , P. and Marechal , F. 2008 . LCA tool for the environmental evaluation of potable water production . Desalination , 220 : 37 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar