327
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Key performance indicators for small and medium-sized urban water systems in a semi-arid region: a case study of Okanagan Valley, Canada

, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 435-449 | Received 16 May 2022, Accepted 08 Feb 2023, Published online: 28 Feb 2023

References

  • Abdullah, L, Waimun Chan, and Alireza Afshari. 2018. “Application of PROMETHEE Method for Green Supplier Selection: A Comparative Result Based on Preference Functions.” Journal of Industrial Engineering International 15 (2): 271–285. doi:10.1007/s40092-018-0289-z.
  • Alegre, Helena. 1999. “Performance Indicators for Water Supply Systems: Current trends and on-going projects“. In Drought Managment Planning in Water Suply Systems. Netherlands.
  • Alegre, Helena, et al. 2017. Performance Indicators For Water Supply Services. IWA publishing.
  • AlHumid, Hatem Abdulaziz, Saleem S Husnain Haider, AlSaleem Md.shafiquzamman, and Rehan Sadiq. 2019. “Performance Indicators for Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems in Saudi Arabia: Selection and Ranking Using Fuzzy AHP and”. PROMETHEE Ii.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 12(15): 1. doi:10.1007/s12517-019-4645-0.
  • Altarabsheh, Ahmad, Mario Ventresca, Amr Kandil, and Dulcy Abraham. 2019. “Markov Chain Modulated Poisson Process to Stimulate the Number of Blockages in Sewer Networks.” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 46 (12): 1174–1186. doi:10.1139/cjce-2018-0104.
  • AWWA. 2019. “AWWA Utility Benchmarking: Performance Management for Water and Wastewater 2019.”
  • Azari, Babak, and Massoud Tabesh. 2022. “Urban Storm Water Drainage System Optimization Using a Sustainability Index and LID/BMPs.” Sustainable Cities and Society 76: 103500. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.103500.
  • Berg, Sanford V. 2020. “Performance Assessment Using Key Performance Indicators (Kpis) for Water Utilities: A Primer.” Water Economics and Policy 6 (2): 2. doi:10.1142/S2382624X20500010.
  • Boukhari, S, F. S Pinto, H Abida, Y Djebbar, and C. de Miras. 2020. “Economic Analysis of Drinking Water Services, Case of the City of souk-ahras (Algeria).” Water Practice and Technology 15 (1): 10–18. doi:10.2166/wpt.2019.082.
  • Canada, Health. 2013. “Guidance for Providing Safe Drinking Water in Areas of Federal Jurisdiction Version 2.”
  • Canada, Health. 2015. “Guidance for Issuing Adn Rescinding Boil Water Advisories in Canadian Drinking Water Supplies” Accessed May 30 2021 https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/guidance-issuing-rescinding-boil-water-advisories-canadian-drinking-water-supplies.html
  • The Canadian Encylopedia. 2015. “Floods in Canada.” Accessed June 3 2021 https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/floods-and-flood-control
  • Canadian Infrastructure Report Card (2019). “Monitoring the State of Canada’s Core Public Infrastructure.”
  • Capodaglio Andrea, G, and Gustaf Olsson. 2019. “Energy Issues in Sustainable Urban Wastewater Management: Use, Demand Reduction and Recovery in the Urban Water Cycle.” Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland) 12 (1): 266. doi:10.3390/su12010266.
  • Catherine, Eimers, M., and Ethan C. McDonald. 2015. “Hydrologic Changes Resulting from Urban Cover in Seasonally snow-covered Catchments.” Hydrological Processes 29 (6): 1280–1288. doi:10.1002/hyp.10250.
  • Chhipi‐Shrestha, G, Kasun Hewage, and Rehan Sadiq. 2017. “Selecting Sustainability Indicators for Small to Medium Sized Urban Water Systems Using Fuzzy‐ELECTRE.” Water Environment Research 89 (3): 238–249. doi:10.2175/106143016X14798353399494.
  • Chowdhury, Shashank. 2017. “Occurrences and Changes of Disinfection by-products in Small Water Supply Systems.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190 (1): 1–19. doi:10.1007/s10661-017-6410-8.
  • City of Kelowna. 2017a. “2017 City of Kelowna Wastewater Treatment Annual Report.”
  • City of Kelowna. 2017b. “Wastewater Service Asset Management Plan.”
  • City of Kelowna. 2019. “2018 City of Kelowna Annual Water and Filtration Deferral Report.”
  • City of Kelowna. 2021a. “Flooding” Accessed August 4 2021 https://www.kelowna.ca/city-services/safety-emergency-services/flooding
  • City of Kelowna. 2021b. “Water Quality at Beaches.” Accessed June 6 2021 https://www.kelowna.ca/parks-recreation/parks-beaches/water-quality-beaches
  • City of Toronto. 2021. “What Is Stormwater and Where Does It Go?” Accessed June 6 2021 https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/managing-rain-melted-snow/what-is-stormwater-where-does-it-go/
  • Cunningham, Claire. 2016. “Assessing the Net Benefits of Auckland Council Stormwater Projects Using the MAURI Model”.
  • Damvergis, C. N. 2014. “Sewer Systems: Failures and Rehabilitation.” Water Utility Journal 8: 17–24.
  • Eck, Bradley J, H. Saito, and S.A. McKenna. 2016. “Temperature Dynamics and Water Quality in Distribution Systems.” IBM Journal of Research and Development 60 (5/6): 7. doi:10.1147/JRD.2016.2594128.
  • Folkman, Steven. 2018. “Water Main Break Rates in the USA and Canada: A Comprehensive Study”. UtahState University.
  • Galfi, Helen, Helene Österlund, Jiri Marsalek, and Maria Viklander. 2017. “Mineral and Anthropogenic Indicator Inorganics in Urban Stormwater and Snowmelt Runoff: Sources and Mobility Patterns.” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 228 (7): 1–18. doi:10.1007/s11270-017-3438-x.
  • Goonetilleke, Ashantha, et al. 2017. “Stormwater Reuse, a Viable Option.” Fact or Fiction? Economic Analysis and Policy 56:14–17. doi:10.1016/j.eap.2017.08.001.
  • Gouri, R. L, and V.V. Srinivas. 2015. “Reliability Assessment of a Storm Water Drain Network.” Aquatic Procedia 4 (4): 772–779. doi:10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.160.
  • Government of Australia. 2019. “National Performance Report 2017-18: Urban Water Utilities.”
  • Government of Canada. 2017. “Water Withdrawal and Consumption by Sector.” Accessed May 26 2021 https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators/water-withdrawal-consumption-sector.html
  • Government of Canada. 2020. “Municipal Wastewater Treatment”. Accesssed May 31.https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-indicators/municipal-wastewater-treatment.html
  • Government of Ontario. 2019. “Sewage Pumping Stations.” Accessed June 6 2021 https://www.ontario.ca/document/design-guidelines-sewage-works/sewage-pumping-stations
  • Haider, Husnain, Rehan Sadiq, and Solomon Tesfamariam. 2014. “Performance Indicators for Small- and medium-sized Water Supply Systems: A Review.” Environmental Reviews 22 (1): 1–40. doi:10.1139/er-2013-0013.
  • Haider, Husnain, Rehan Sadiq, and Solomon Tesfamariam. 2015. “Selecting Performance Indicators for Small and Medium Sized Water Utilities: Multi-criteria Analysis Using ELECTRE Method.” Urban Water Journal 12 (4): 305–327. doi:10.1080/1573062X.2014.900089.
  • Haider, Husnain, Rehan Sadiq, and Solomon Tesfamariam. 2016. “Inter-Utility Performance Benchmarking Model for Small-to-Medium-Sized Water Utilities: Aggregated Performance Indices.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 142 (1): 4015039. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000552.
  • Hee, Joo Sung, Francessca Dello Monaco, Eric Antmann, and Philip Chorath. 2015. “Sustainable Approaches for Minimizing Biosolids Production and Maximizing Reuse Options in Sludge Management: A Review.” Journal of Environmental Management 158: 133–145. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.014.
  • Heiko, A.V.D.G. 2012. “Consensus Measurement in Delphi Studies: Review and Implications for Future Quality Assurance.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 79 (8): 1525–1536. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2012.04.013.
  • Janzen, Aaron, Gopal Achar, Mohammed HI Dore, and Cooper H. Langford. 2016. “Cost Recovery and Affordability in Small Drinking Water Treatment Plants in Alberta, Canada.” Journal - American Water Works Association 108 (5): E290–E298. doi:10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0047.
  • Kenway, Steven J, Ka Leung Lam, Jennifer Stokes-Draut, Kelly Twomey Sanders, Amanda N. Binks, Julijana Bors, Bian Head, Gustaf Olsson, and James E. McMahon. 2019. “Defining water-related Energy for Global Comparison, Clearer Communication, and Sharper Policy.” Journal of Cleaner Production 236: 117502. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.333.
  • Khazraeializadeh, Soroush, Leon F. Gay, and Alireza Bayat. 2014. “Comparative Analysis of Sewer Physical Condition Grading Protocols for the City of Edmonton.” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41 (9): 811–818. doi:10.1139/cjce-2014-0077.
  • Kot, Megan, Heather Castleden, and Graham A. Gagnon. 2011. “Unintended Consequences of Regulating Drinking Water in Rural Canadian Communities: Examples from Atlantic Canada.” Health & Place 17 (5): 1030–1037. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.06.012.
  • Langeveld, J.G, E. Liefting, and R. Schilperoort. 2016. “Regenwaterproject Almere [Storm Water Project Almere].” In Amersfoort: Stichting RIONED En STOWA.
  • Lebrero, Raquel, Lynne Bouchy, Richard Stuetz, and Muñoz Raul. 2011. “Odor Assessment and Management in Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Review.” Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 41 (10): 915–950. doi:10.1080/10643380903300000.
  • Liliana, Santos Ferreira, Maria Adriana Cardoso, and Ana Fonseca Galvão. 2022. “Framework for Performance Assessment of Storm Water Systems.” Urban Water Journal ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) 1–15. 10.1080/1573062X.2022.2080080.
  • Lin, C-M., and S-F. Lin. 2019. “Statistical Features and Expert Knowledge for Monitoring Operating Efficiency and Conditions of Wastewater Treatment Pumps.” Materials 12 (24): 4101. doi:10.3390/ma12244101.
  • López-Ruiz, Samara, Pablo J. Moya-Fernández, Miguel A. García-Rubio, and González-Gómez Francisco. 2021. “Acceptance of Direct Potable Water Reuse for Domestic Purposes: Evidence from Southern Spain.” International Journal of Water Resources Development 37 (5): 772–792. doi:10.1080/07900627.2020.1799762.
  • Lucas, Rhodri, E.R. Earl, A.O. Babatunde, and Bettina Nicole Bockelmann-Evans. 2015. “Constructed Wetlands for Stormwater Management in the UK: A Concise Review.” Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 32 (3): 251–268. doi:10.1080/10286608.2014.958472.
  • Matos, Rafaela, P. Adriana Cardoso, Duarte, R. Ashley, Alejo Molinari, and Andreas Schulz. 2003. “Performance Indicators for Wastewater Services - Towards a Manual of Best Practice.” Water Science & Technology: Water Supply 3 (1–2): 365–371. doi:10.2166/ws.2003.0126.
  • McFarlane, Kiely, and Leila M. Harris. 2018. “Small Systems, Big Challenges: Review of Small Drinking Water System Governance.” Environmental Reviews 26 (4): 378–395. doi:10.1139/er-2018-0033.
  • Mian, Haroon R., Guangji Hu, Hewage Kasun, J. Rodriguez Manuel, and Rehan Sadiq. 2018. “Prioritization of Unregulated Disinfection by-Products in Drinking Water Distribution Systems for Human Health Risk Mitigation: A Critical Review.” Water Research (Oxford) 147: 112–131. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.054.
  • Minnes, Sarah, and Kelly Vodden. 2017. “The Capacity Gap: Understanding Impediments to Sustainable Drinking Water Systems in Rural Newfoundland and Labrador.” Canadian Water Resources Journal 42 (2): 163–178. doi:10.1080/07011784.2016.1256232.
  • Nations, United. 2022. “Do You Know All 17 SDGs?” Accessed July 20 2022 https://sdgs.un.org/goals
  • Nauges, Celine, and Dale Whittington. 2017. “Evaluating the Performance of Alternative Municipal Water Tariff Designs: Quantifying the Tradeoffs between Equity, Economic Efficiency, and Cost Recovery.” World Development 91: 125–143. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.10.014.
  • NWWBI. 2018. “2016 NWWBI Public Report.”
  • OBWB. 2015. “Water Use.” Accessed April 21 2021 https://www.obwb.ca/wsd/key-findings/water-use
  • OBWB. 2021. “One Valley. One Water.” https://okwaterwise.ca/learn-go.html Accessed May 25 2021
  • Paul, Nabaprabhat, and L. Elango. 2018. “Predicting Future Water Supply-Demand Gap with a New Reservoir, Desalination Plant and Waste Water Reuse by Water Evaluation and Planning Model for Chennai Megacity, India.” Groundwater for Sustainable Development 7: 8–19. doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2018.02.005.
  • Pokhrel, Sarin Raj, Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, Kasun Hewage, and Rehan Sadiq. 2021. “Sustainable, Resilient, and Reliable Urban Water Systems: Making a Case for ‘One Water Approach’.” Environmental Reviews. doi:10.1139/er-2020-0090.
  • Pokhrel, Sarin Raj, Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, Manuel J. James Hager, Kasun Hewage Rodriguez, and Rehan Sadiq. 2020b. “Performance Assessment Framework for Small Water Systems: Case Study in British Columbia.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 146 (12): 12. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001297.
  • Pokhrel, Sarin Raj, Manuel J. Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, Kasun Hewage Rodriguez, and Rehan Sadiq. 2020a. “Unfolding ‘Big’ Problems of Small Water System Performance: A Qualitative Study in British Columbia.” Canadian Water Resources Journal 45 (4): 269–286. doi:10.1080/07011784.2020.1800517.
  • RDNO. 2019. “Greater Vernon Water Annual Report.”
  • Sanders, Emily C, Yongping Yuan, and Ann Pitchford. 2013. “Fecal Coliform and E. Coli Concentrations in effluent-dominated Streams of the Upper Santa Cruz Watershed.” Water (Basel) 5 (1): 243–261. doi:10.3390/w5010243.
  • Sapkota, Mukta, Meenakshi Arora, Hector Malano, Ashok Sharma, and Magnus Moglia. 2018. “Integrated Evaluation of Hybrid Water Supply Systems Using a PROMETHEE–GAIA Approach.” Water (Basel) 10 (5): 610. doi:10.3390/w10050610.
  • Scheili, Anna, Manuel J. Rodriguez, and Rehan Sadiq. 2016. “Impact of Human Operational Factors on Drinking Water Quality in Small Systems: An Exploratory Analysis.” Journal of Cleaner Production 133: 681–690. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.179.
  • Shukla, Harshit, and Kalyan Piratla. 2020. “Leakage Detection in Water Pipelines Using Supervised Classification of Acceleration Signals.” Automation in Construction 117: 103256. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103256.
  • Sojobi, Adebayo, Olatunbosun, and Tarek Zayed. 2022. “Impact of Sewer Overflow on Public Health: A Comprehensive Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review.” Environmental Research 203: 111609. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111609.
  • Sokes-Draut, Jennifer, Michael Taptich, Olga Kavvada, and Arpad Horvath. 2017. “Evaluating the Electricity Intensity of Evolving Water Supply Mixs: The Case of California’s Water Network.” Environmental Research Letters 12 (11): 114005. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa8c86.
  • Sowmya, Bhimanadhuni. 2015. “Development of a Performance Index for Stormwater Pipeline Infrastructure.” Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech.
  • Sundberg, Cecilia, Gunilla Svensson, and Hans Soderberg. 2004. “Re-framing the assessment of sustainable storwater systems”. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. 6: 120–127. doi:10.1007/s10098-003-0227-6.
  • United, Nations. 2015. “The 17 Goals.” Accessed June 3 2021 https://sdgs.un.org/goals
  • United Nations. 2015. “Water for a Sustainable World.”
  • United Nations. 2021. “Water.” Accessed June 3 2021 https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/water
  • USEPA. 2007. “Reducing Stormwater Costs through Low Impact Development (LID) Strategies and Practices.”
  • USEPA. 2009. “Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment.” Fourth Report to Congress. Washington, DC.”
  • USEPA. 2021. “The Effect of Climate Change on Water Resources and Programs.” https://cfpub.epa.gov/watertrain/moduleFrame.cfm?parent_object_id=2456&object_id=2459 Accessed 31 June 2021
  • Wen, Xiaotong, Feiyu Chen, Yixiang Lin, Hui Zhu, Fang Yuan, Duyi Kuang, Zhihui Jia, and Zhaokang Yuan. 2020. “Microbial Indicators and Their Use for Monitoring Drinking Water Quality—A Review.” Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland) 126: 2249. 10.3390/su12062249.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.