Publication Cover
Structure and Infrastructure Engineering
Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle Design and Performance
Volume 14, 2018 - Issue 3
849
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Failure tests on concrete bridges: Have we learnt the lessons?

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 292-319 | Received 30 Mar 2017, Accepted 05 Jun 2017, Published online: 12 Jul 2017

References

  • ACI 318. (2011). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary (503 pp.). Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute (ACI).
  • Aktan, A. E., Zwick, M., Miller, R., & Shahrooz, B. (1992). Nondestructive and destructive testing of decommissioned reinforced concrete slab highway bridge and associated analytical studies. Transportation Research Record, 1371, 142–153.
  • Alkhrdaji, T., Nanni, A., Chen, G., & Barker, M. (1999). Destructive and non-destructive testing of bridge J857 Phelps Country, Missouri. Volume I: Strengthening and testing to failure of bridge decks (131 pp.). Rolla, MO: University of Missouri.
  • Alkhrdaji, T., Nanni, A., & Mayo, R. (2000). Upgrading Missouri transportation infrastructure: Solid reinforced-concrete decks strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer systems. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1740, 157–163.10.3141/1740-20
  • American Association of State Highway Officials. (1969). Standard specifications of highway bridges (10th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials. (1973). Standard specifications for highway bridges (11th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials. (1989). Standard specifications for highway bridges (14th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Amir, S., van der Veen, C., Walraven, J. C., & de Boer, A. (2016). Experiments on punching shear behavior of prestressed concrete bridge decks. ACI Structural Journal, 113, 627–636.
  • Anonymous. (1951). Concrete structures at the Festival of Britain. South Bank, London, Exhibition. Concrete and Constructional Engineering, July, 199–206.
  • Anonymous. (1952). Test if a prestressed concrete footbridge. Concrete and Constructional Engineering, June, 185–188.
  • Austroads. (1996a). Australian bridge design code ( Section 5. Concrete). Sydney: Author.
  • Austroads. (1996b). Australian bridge design code ( Section 2. Design loads). Sydney: Author.
  • Azizinamini, A., Boothby, T., Shekar, Y., & Barnhill, G. (1994). Old concrete slab bridges. I: Experimental investigation. Journal of Structural Engineering, 120, 3284–3304.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:11(3284)
  • Azizinamini, A., Shekar, Y., Boothby, T., & Barnhill, G. (1994). Old concrete slab bridges. II: Analysis. Journal of Structural Engineering, 120, 3305–3319.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:11(3305)
  • Bådholm, C., Bäcklund, J., Ottosson, H., & Ögård, L. (1967). Brottförsök på spännbetongbro [Failure test of a prestressed concrete bridge]. Väg- och vattenbyggaren, 11, 466–470 (in Swedish).
  • Bådholm, C., Ottosson, H., Ögård, L., & Österlund, J. (1967). Undersökning av huvudbalkarnas böjstyvhet, brobanans sammansatta vridstyvhet samt säkerheten mot böjbrott för en spännarmerad betongbro på tre stöd [Investigation of the flexural stiffness of the girders, the torsional stiffness of the bridge deck and the level of safety with regard to flexural failure of a prestressed concrete bridge on three supports (M.Sc. thesis). Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg (In Swedish).
  • Bagge, N. (2017). Structural assessment procedures for existing concrete bridges: Experiences from failure tests of the Kiruna Bridge (Ph.D. thesis). Luleå University of Technology, Luleå.
  • Bagge, N., Nilimaa, J., Blanksvärd, T., & Elfgren, L. (2014). Instrumentation and full-scale test of a post-tensioned concrete bridge. Nordic Concrete Research, 51, 63–83.
  • Barr, P., Halling, M. W., & Pettigrew, C. S. (2014). Forensic testing of a double tee bridge (240 pp.). Logan, UT: Utah State University.
  • BBK 79. (1987). Bestämmelser för betongkonstruktioner. Band 1: Konstruktion [Regulations for concrete structures. Part 1: Design] (157 pp.). Stockholm: AB Svensk Byggtjänst (in Swedish).
  • Bentz, E. C. (2000). Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete members (Ph.D. thesis). University of Toronto, Toronto.
  • Bouwkamp, J. G., Scordelis, A. C., & Wasti, S. T. (1974). Ultimate strength of concrete box girder bridge. Journal of the Structural Division, 100, 31–49.
  • Brownjohn, J. M. W., Moyo, P., Omenzetter, P., & Lu, Y. (2003). Assessment of highway bridge upgrading by dynamic testing and finite-element model updating. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 8, 162–172.10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2003)8:3(162)
  • Burdette, E. G., & Goodpasture, D. W. (1971). Full-scale bridge testing: An evaluation of bridge design criteria. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee.
  • Burdette, E. G., & Goodpasture, D. W. (1972). Comparison of measured and computed ultimate strength of four highway bridges. Highway Research Record, 382, 38–49.
  • Burdette, E. G., & Goodpasture, D. W. (1973). Tests of four highway bridges. Journal of the Structural Division, 99, 335–348.
  • Burdette, E. G., & Goodpasture, D. W. (1974). Test to failure of a prestressed concrete bridge. PCI Journal, 19, 92–103.10.15554/pcij
  • Byun, K.-J., Kim, Y.-J., Lee, K.-S., & Lee, S.-M. (1989). Strength and structural performace of deteriorated reinfroced concrete bridges in Korea. In JCI Annual Convention, Japan Concrete Institute (JCI), Tokyo (pp. 667–672).
  • Candy, C. C., Pressley, J. S., Walton, B. L., & Sanjayan, J. G. (2004). Shear damage control in assessing flat slab bridge decks. In 5th AustRoads Bridge Conference, Austroads, Sydney (pp. 1–12).
  • Cook, W. (2010). Destructive testing of composite precast concrete deck panels and built-up steel plate girders (M.Sc. thesis). Utah State University, Logan, UT.
  • CSA A23.3. (2004). Design of concrete structures (352 pp.). Mississauga: Canadian Standards Association (CSA).
  • Cullington, D. W., Daly, A. F., & Hill, M. E. (1996). Assessment of reinforced concrete bridges: Collapse tests on the Thurloxton underpass. In 3rd International Conference on Bridge Management Conference: Inspection, Maintenance and Repair, Guildford (pp. 667–674).
  • Daly, A. F. (1994). Test to collapse of Thurloxton Underpass, Somerset. ( PR/BR/12/94, 37). Crowthorne: Transport Research Laboratory.
  • Department of Transport. (1990). The assessment of concrete highway bridges and structures ( Departmental Standard BD 44/90). London: Author.
  • Eder, R. W., Miller, R. A., Baseheart, T. M., & Swanson, J. A. (2005). Testing of two 50-year-old precast post-tensioned concrete bridge girders. PCI Journal, 50, 90–95.10.15554/pcij
  • Ferreira, D., Bairán, J., & Marí, A. (2015). Efficient 1D model for blind assessment of existing bridges: Simulation of a full-scale loading test and comparison with higher order continuum models. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 11, 1383–1397.10.1080/15732479.2014.964734
  • fib. (2003). Monitoring and safety evaluation of existing concrete structures (Bulletin 22, 304 pp.). Lausanne: International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib).
  • Goulet, J. A., & Smith, I. F. C. (2013). Predicting the usefulness of monitoring for identifying the behavior of structures. Journal of Structural Engineering, 139, 1716–1727.10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000577
  • Haritos, N., Hira, A., Mendis, P., Heywood, R., & Giufre, A. (2000). Load testing to collapse limit state of Barr Creek Bridge. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1696, 92–102.10.3141/1696-49
  • Harries, K. A. (2009). Structural testing of prestressed concrete girders from the Lake View Drive Bridge. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 14, 78–92.10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2009)14:2(78)
  • Isaksen H. R., Kanstad T., Olsen P. E., & Giæver N. A. (1998). Prøvebelastning av bru nr 02-1234 Smedstua bru: Forutsetninger, gjennomføring og måledata [Load test of bridge no 02-1234 Smedstua Bridge: Conditions, execution and measurements] (99 pp.). Statens Vegvesen (in Norwegian).
  • Jang, J., & Smyth, A. W. (2017). Model updating of a full-scale FE model with nonlinear constraint equations and sensitivity-based cluster analysis for updating parameters. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 83, 337–355.10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.06.018
  • Jiaquan, X., Zanping, W., Bing, H., Guanhua, F., Yufeng, Z., & Jianfei, Z. (2006). 沪宁扩建桥梁极限承载能力实桥试验研究 [Practical experimental study on ultimate bearing capacity of actual bridge in Huning expressway extension project]. Modern Transportation Technology, 5, 77–84 (in Chinese).
  • Jorgenson, J. L., & Larson, W. (1976). Field testing of a reinforced concrete highway bridge to collapse. Transportation Research Record, 607, 66–71.
  • Kjellgren, L., & Bergström, G. (1990). Skjuvförsök på spännarmerad rambro [Shear test of a prestressed frame bridge] (M.Sc. Thesis). Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg (in Swedish).
  • Labia, Y., Saiidi, M. S., & Douglas, B. (1997). Full-scale testing and analysis of 20-year-old pretensioned concrete box girders. ACI Structural Journal, 94, 471–482.
  • Lantsoght, E., van der Veen, C., de Boer, A., & Hordijk, D. (2016). Collapse test and moment capacity of the Ruytenschildt reinforced concrete slab bridge. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 13, 1130–1145.
  • Lantsoght, E. O. L., Yang, Y., & van der Veen, C., de Boer, A., & Hordijk, D. A. (2016). Ruytenschildt bridge: Field and laboratory testing. Engineering Structures, 128, 111–123.10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.029
  • Maanteemet. (2015). Vana Särevere silla koormuskatsetused ja teaduslikud analüüsid ning hüdroisoleerivate betoonide ja betoon-pinna hüdrofoobsete pinnakaitsevahendite teaduslik uuring. Talinn: Talinn University of Technology.
  • McClure, R. M., & West, H. H. (1980). Field testing of an experimental segmental bridge ( Interim report, Research project 75-3). University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania Transportation Institute.
  • McClure, R. M., & West, H. H. (1984). Full-scale testing of a prestressed concrete segmental bridge. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 11, 505–515.10.1139/l84-070
  • Miller, R. A., Aktan, A. E., & Shahrooz, B. M. (1994). Destructive testing of decommissioned concrete slab bridge. Journal of Structural Engineering, 120, 2176–2198.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:7(2176)
  • Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China. (1989). General code for design of highway bridges and culverts (JTJ 021-89). Beijing: China Communications Press.
  • Norges Byggstandardiseringsråd. (1992). Prosjektering av betongkonstruksjoner - Beregnings- og konstruksjonsregler [Concrete structures – Design rules] (NS 3473:1992, 103 pp.). Oslo: Author (in Norwegian).
  • Nilimaa, J., Blanksvärd, T., Elfgren, L., & Täljsten, B. (2012). Transversal post tensioning of RC trough bridges – Laboratory tests. Nordic Concrete Research, 46, 57–73.
  • Oh, B. H., Kim, K. S., & Lew, Y. (2002). Ultimate load behavior of post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder bridge through in-place failure test. ACI Structural Journal, 99, 172–180.
  • Paulsson, B., Töyrä, B., Elfgren, L., Ohlsson, U., Danielsson, G., Johansson, H., & Åström, L. (1996). 30 ton på Malmbanan. Rapport 3.3 Infrastruktur: Forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt avseende betongbroars bärighet [Static tests on four trough bridges and a Laboratory fatigue test on one bridge (129 pp.). Borlänge: Banverket and Luleå University of Technology (in Swedish).
  • Pedersen, E. S., Nielsen, P. M., & Lyngberg, B. S. (1980). Investigation and failure test of a prestressed concrete bridge. IABSE Congress Report, 11, 849–854.
  • Plos, M. (1990). Skjuvförsök i full skala på plattrambro i armerad betong [Full-scale shear test on concrete slab frame bridge] (Report 90:3, 117 pp.). Gothenburg: Chalmers University of Technology (in Swedish).
  • Plos, M. (1995). Application of fracture mechanics to concrete bridges. Finite element analyses and experiments (Ph.D. thesis). Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg.
  • Plos, M., & Gylltoft, K. (1995). Fracture mechanics analyses of the shear failure in a concrete bridge. Nordic Concrete Research, 16, 83–102.
  • Plos, M., Gylltoft, K., & Cederwall, K. (1990). Full scale shear tests on modern highway concrete bridges. Nordic Concrete Research, 9, 134–144.
  • Pressley, J. S., Candy, C. C. E., Walton, B. L., & Sanjayan, J. G. (2004). Destructive load testing of bridge No. 1049 – Analyses, predictions and testing. In G. Nichols (Ed.), 5th Austroads Bridge Conference, Austroads, Sydney (pp. 1–12).
  • Pukl, R., Novak, D., & Eichinger, E. M. (2002). Stochastic nonlinear fracture analysis. In 1st International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS), Barcelona.
  • Puurula, A. M., Enochsson, O., Sas, G., Blanksvärd, T., Ohlsson, U., Bernspång, L., … Elfgren, L. (2015). Assessment of the strengthening of an RC railway bridge with CFRP utilizing a full-scale failure test and finite-element analysis. Journal of Structural Engineering, 141(1), 1–11.
  • Rogers, R. A., Wotherspoon, L., Scott, A., & Ingham, J. M. (2012). Residual strength assessment and destructive testing of decommissioned concrete bridge beams with corroded pretensioned reinforcement. PCI Journal, 57, 100–118.10.15554/pcij
  • Roschke, P. N., & Pruski, K. R. (2000). Overload and ultimate load behavior of posttensioned slab bridge. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 5, 148–155.10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2000)5:2(148)
  • Rösli, A., Kowalczuk, R., Hofacker, H., & Segelsdorff, R. (1963). Die Versuche an der Glattbrücke in Opfikon [Test of the bridge over Glatt in Opfikon] (Report No. 192, 85 pp.). Dübendorf: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) (in German).
  • Sanayei, M., Phelps, J. E., Sipple, J. D., Bell, E. S., & Brenner, B. R. (2012). Instrumentation, nondestructive testing, and finite-element model updating for bridge evaluation using strain measurements. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 17, 130–138.10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000228
  • SB. (2007). Sustainable bridges – Assessment for future traffic demands and longer lives. Poland: Dolnośląskie Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne Wrocław.
  • SB. (2008). Field test of a concrete bridge in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden ( Deliverable 7.3, 406 pp.). Luleå: Sustainable Bridges (SB) – Assessment for Future Traffic Demands and Longer Lives.
  • Scanlon, A., & Mikhailovsky, L. (1987). Full-scale load test of three-span concrete highway bridge. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 14, 19–23.10.1139/l87-003
  • Scordelis, A. C., Larsen, P. K., & Elfgren, L. G. (1977). Ultimate strength of curved RC box girder bridge. Journal of the Structural Division, 103, 1525–1542.
  • Shekar, Y., Azizinamini, A., Barnhill, G., & Boothby, T. E. (1993). Performance of concrete slab bridges (609 pp.). Lincoln: Nebraska Department of Roads.
  • Shenoy, C. V., & Frantz, G. C. (1991). Structural tests of 27-year-old prestressed concrete bridge beams. PCI Journal, 36, 80–90.10.15554/pcij
  • Song, H. W., You, D. W., Byun, K. J., & Maekawa, K. (2002). Finite element failure analysis of reinforced concrete T-girder bridges. Engineering Structures, 24, 151–162.10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00107-9
  • SS-EN 1992-1-1. (2005). Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 1–1: General rules and rules for buildings (236 pp.). Brussels: European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
  • Stillings, T. W. (2012). Load distribution and ultimate strength of an adjacent precast, prestressed concrete box girder bridge (M.Sc. thesis) University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
  • Täljsten, B. (1994). Plate bonding strengthening of existing concrete structures with epoxy bonded plates of steel or fibre reinforced plastics (Ph.D. thesis). Luleå University of Technology, Luleå.
  • U.S. Department of Transportation (2016). Transportation in the United States: Highlights from 2015 transportation statistics annual report (30 pp.). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics.
  • Wang, F. M., Kang, S. Z., Cai, Y. C., & Li, X. L. (2011). Destructive test study of a prestressed concrete hollow slab beam bridge. Geotechnical Special Publication, 2014, 57–64.
  • Vaz Rodrigues, R., Fernández Ruiz, M., & Muttoni, A. (2008). Shear strength of R/C bridge cantilever slabs. Engineering Structures, 30, 3024–3033.10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.04.017
  • Vejdirektoratets broafdelningen, Statens Vejlaboratorium, & Cowiconsult. (1979). Belastningsforsøg med förspænd betonbro ved Brønsholm. Hovedrapport [Failure test of a prestressed concrete bridge at Brønsholm. Final report] (130 pp.). Vejdirektoratet (in Danish).
  • Vill, M., Schweighofer, A., & Kollegger, J. (2012). Großversuche an Spannbetonbrückenträgern zur Beurteilung des Schubtragverhaltens [Full scale tests on prestressed concrete bridges concerning the shear load bearing capacity]. Beton- und Stahlbetonbau, 107, 86–95 (in German).10.1002/best.v107.2
  • Weder, C. (1977). Die vorgespannte, zwanzigjährige Stahlbetonbrücke über die alte Glatt bei Schwamendingen, Zürich [Prestressed, twenty year-old RC bridge over the old Glatt at Schwamendingen, Zürich]. (Report No. 203, 49 pp.). Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) (in German).
  • Wenping, X. (2006). 既有预应力混凝土梁桥承载能力实桥试验及分析研究南京 [Experimental research and analysis on load-carrying capacity of the existing prestressed concrete bridge] (Ph.D. thesis). Southeast University, Nanjing (in Chinese).
  • You, D.-W., Song, H.-W., & Byun, K.-J. (1998). 파괴시험에 의한 철근콘크리트 T형교 거동의 실험적 연구 [An experimental study on the behavior of reinforced concrete T-girder bridges by full-scale destructive testing]. Journal of The Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 18, 851–862 (in Korean).
  • Zhang, J., Peng, H., & Cai, C. S. (2011). Field study of overload behavior of an existing reinforced concrete bridge under simulated vehicle loads. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 16, 226–237.10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000140
  • Zhang, J., Peng, H., & Cai, C. S. (2013). Destructive testing of a decommissioned reinforced concrete bridge. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 18, 564–569.10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000408
  • Zhang, J.-Q., Ren, H.-W., & Yu, B. (2011). Failure testing of a full-scale reinforced concrete T-girder bridge. Advanced Materials Research, 243–249, 1767–1773.10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.243-249
  • Zhang, J. R., Peng, H., Zhang, K. B., & Hao, H. X. (2009). Test study on overload and ultimate behavior of old reinforced concrete bridge through destructive test of corroded bridge. Engineering Mechanics, 26, 213–224.
  • Živanović, S., Pavic, A., & Reynolds, P. (2007). Finite element modelling and updating of a lively footbridge: The complete process. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 301, 126–145.10.1016/j.jsv.2006.09.024

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.