1,927
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Chemical composition and source analysis of carbonaceous aerosol particles at a mountaintop site in central Sweden

, , , , , , , , & show all
Article: 1353387 | Received 22 Dec 2016, Accepted 03 Jul 2017, Published online: 31 Jul 2017

References

  • Aas, W., Platt, S., Solberg, S. and Yttri, K. E. 2015. Monitoring of long-range transported air pollutants in Norway, annual report 2014. Tech. rep, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller.
  • Aulinger, A., Matthias, V., Zeretzke, M., Bieser, J. Quante, M. and co-authors. 2016. The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the greater North Sea region-Part 1: Current emissions and concentrations. Atmos. Chem. Phys 16, 739–758.
  • Baumgardner, D., Popovicheva, O., Allan, J., Bernardoni, V. Cao, J. and co-authors. 2012. Soot reference materials for instrument calibration and intercomparisons: a workshop summary with recommendations. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 5, 1869–1887.
  • Bautista, A. T., Pabroa, P. C. B., Santos, F., Quirit, L. L. Asis, J. L. B. and co-authors. 2015. Intercomparison between NIOSH, IMPROVE-A, and EUSAAR-2 protocols: Finding an optimal thermal optical protocol for Philippines OC/EC samples. Atmos. Poll. Res. 6, 334–342.
  • Bentsen, M., Bethke, I., Debernard, J. B., Iversen, T. and co-authors. 2013. The Norwegian earth system model, NorESM1-M-Part 1: Description and basic evaluation of the physical climate. Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 687–720.
  • Birch, M. E. and Cary, R. A. 1996. Elemental carbon-based method for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 25, 221–241.
  • Bond, T. C. and Bergstrom, R. W. 2006. Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: An investigative review. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 40, 27–67.
  • Bond, T. C., Doherty, S. J., Fahey, D. W., Forster, P. M. Berntsen, T. and co-authors. 2013. Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118, 5380–5552.
  • Brasseur, G., Prinn, R. and Pszenny, A. 2003. Atmospheric Chemistry in a Changing World. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Cavalli, F., Viana, M., Yttri, K. E., Genberg, J. and Putaud, J.-P. 2010. Toward a standardised thermal-optical protocol for measuring atmospheric organic and elemental carbon: the EUSAAR protocol. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3, 79–89.
  • Chiappini, L., Verlhac, S., Aujay, R., Maenhaut, W., Putaud, J. P. and co-authors. 2014. Clues for a standardised thermal-optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matter. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 7, 1649–1661.
  • Coz, E. and Leck, C. 2011. Morphology and state of mixture of atmospheric soot aggregates during the winter season over Southern Asia-a quantitative approach. Tellus B 63B, 107–116.
  • Cozic, J., Verheggen, B., Weingartner, E., Crosier, J., Bower, K. N. and co-authors. 2008. Chemical composition of free tropospheric aerosol for PM1 and coarse mode at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 407–423.
  • Draxler, R. R. 2004. Description of the HYSPLIT4 Modeling System. Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL-224 edn
  • Draxler, R. R. and Hess, G. D. 1998. An overview of the HYSPLIT4 modelling system for trajectories, dispersion, and deposition. Aust. Met. Mag. 47, 295–308.
  • Drewnick, F., Schneider, J., Hings, S. S., Hock, N., Noone, K. and co-authors. 2007. Measurement of ambient, interstitial, and residual aerosol particles on a mountaintop Site in Central Sweden using an aerosol mass spectrometer and a CVI. J. Atmos. Chem. 56, 1–12.
  • EANET. 2008. Report of the inter-laboratory comparison project 2007. Tech. rep., Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia, Niigata, Japan. Online at: http://www.eanet.cc/product.html
  • Fuzzi, S., Andreae, M. O., Huebert, B. J., Kulmala, M., Bond, T. C. and co-authors. 2006. Critical assessment of the current state of scientific knowledge, terminology, and research needs concerning the role of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, climate, and global change. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 2017–2038.
  • Gebhart, K. A., Schichtel, B. A. and Barna, M. G. 2005. Directional biases in back trajectories caused by model and input data. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 55, 1649–1662.
  • Heim, M., Mullins, B. J., Umhauer, H. and Kasper, G. 2008. Performance evaluation of three optical particle counters with an efficient ‘multimodal’ calibration method. J. Aerosol Sci. 12, 1019–1031.
  • IPCC. 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1535 pp.
  • Iversen, T., Bentsen, M., Bethke, I.. Debernard, J. B. and co-authors. 2013. The Norwegian earth system model, NorESM1-M-Part 2: Climate response and scenario projections. Geosci. Model Dev. 6, 389–415.
  • Kannosto, J., Virtanen, A., Lemmetty, M., Mäkelä, J. M., Keskinen, J. and co-authors. 2008. Mode resolved density of atmospheric aerosol particles. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 5327–5337.
  • Karanasiou, A., Minguillón, M. C., Viana, M., Alastuey, A., Putaud, J.-P. and co-authors. 2015. Thermal-optical analysis for the measurement of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in ambient air a literature review. Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. 8, 9649–971.
  • Lamarque, J.-F., Bond, T. C., Eyring, V., Granier, C., Heil, A. and co-authors. 2010. Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: Methodology and application. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 7017–7039.
  • Leng, L., Zhang, T., Kleinman, L. and Zhu, W. 2007. Ordinary least square regression, orthogonal regression, geometric mean regression and their applications in aerosol science. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 78, 1–5.
  • Li, M., You, R., Mulholland, G. and Zachariah, M. R. 2014. Development of a pulsed-field differential mobility analyzer: a method for measuring shape parameters for nonspherical particles. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 48, 20–30.
  • Malm, W. C., Day, D. E., Carrico, C., Kreidenweis, S. M. Collett, J. L. and co-authors. 2005. Intercomparison and closure calculations using measurements of aerosol species and optical properties during the Yosemite aerosol characterization study. J. Geophys. Res.- Atmos. 110, 1–21.
  • M{\"u}ller, T., Henzing, J. S., de Leeuw, G., Wiedensohler, A., Alastuey, A. and co-authors. 2011. Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: Result of two intercomparison workshops. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 4, 245–268.
  • Ogren, J. and Rodhe, H. 1986. Measurements of the chemical composition of cloudwater at a clean air site in central Scandinavia. Tellus B 38, 190–196.
  • Panteliadis, P., Hafkenscheid, T., Cary, B., Diapouli, E., Fischer, A. and co-authors. 2015. ECOC comparison exercise with identical thermal protocols after temperature offset correction -- instrument diagnostics by in-depth evaluation of operational parameters. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 8, 779–792.
  • Petzold, A. and Schönlinner, M. 2004. Multi-angle absorption photometry: a new method for the measurement of aerosol light absorption and atmospheric black carbon. J. Aerosol Sci. 35, 421–441.
  • Petzold, A., Kramer, H. and Schönlinner, M. 2002. Continuous measurement of atmospheric black carbon using a multi-angle absorption photometer. Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res. 4, 78–82.
  • Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M. and co-authors. 2013. Recommendations for reporting black carbon measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 8365–8379.
  • Putaud, J.-P., Dingenen, R. V., Dell’Acqua, A., Raes, F., Matta, E. and co-authors. 2004. Size-segregated aerosol mass closure and chemical composition in Monte Cimone (I) during MINATROC. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 4, 889–902.
  • Ramanathan, V. and Carmichael, G. 2008. Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon. Nat. Geosc. 1, 221–227.
  • Rosati, B., Wehrle, G., Gysel, M., Zieger, P., Baltensperger, U. and co-authors. 2015. The white-light humidified optical particle spectrometer (WHOPS) -- a novel airborne system to characterize aerosol hygroscopicity. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 8, 921–939.
  • Saarikoski, S., M{\"a}kel{\"a}, T., Hillamo, R., Aalto, P. P., Kerminen, V.-M. and co-authors. 2005. Physico-chemical characterization and mass closure of size-segregated atmospheric aerosols in Hyyti{\"a}l{\"a}, Finland. Boreal Env. Res. 10, 385–400.
  • Sandrini, S., Fuzzi, S., Piazzalunga, A., Prati, P., Bonasoni, P. and co-authors. 2014. Spatial and seasonal variability of carbonaceous aerosol across Italy. Atmos. Environ. 99, 587–598.
  • Sullivan, A. P., May, A. A., Lee, T., McMeeking, G. R. Kreidenweis, S. M. and co-authors. 2014. Airborne characterization of smoke marker ratios from prescribed burning. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14, 10535–10545.
  • Sunset Laboratory. 2010. Sample analysis method for organic and elemental carbon aerosols. Tech. rep.. Online at: http://www.sunlab.com/wp-content/uploads/Sunset-Lab-Analysis-Method.pdf
  • Szymanski, W. W., Nagy, A. and Czitrovszky, A. 2009. Optical particle spectrometry-problems and prospects. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 110, 918–929.
  • Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J. and Meehl, G. A. 2012. An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 90, 485–498.
  • Tørseth, K., Aas, W., Breivik, K., Raa, A. M. F., Fiebig, M. and co-authors. 2012. Introduction to the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and observed atmospheric composition change during 1972–2009. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12, 5447–5481.
  • Tunved, P., Ström, J. and Hansson, H.-C. 2004. An investigation of processes controlling the evolution of the boundary layer aerosol size distribution properties at the Swedish background station Aspvreten. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 4, 2581–2592.
  • Turpin, B. and Lim, H. J. 2001. Species contributions to PM2.5 mass concentrations: Revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 35, 602–610.
  • UNEP/WMO. 2011. Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone. Technical Report, UNEP and WMO, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Wallén, A., Lidén, G. and Hansson, H.-C. 2009. Measured elemental carbon by thermo-optical transmittance analysis in water-soluble extracts from diesel exhaust, woodsmoke, and ambient particulate samples. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 7, 35–45.
  • Winiger, P., Andersson, A., Yttri, K. E., Tunved, P. and Gustafsson, O. 2015. Isotope-based source apportionment of EC aerosol particlesduring winter high-pollution events at the Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 11959–11966.
  • Yttri, K. E., Aas, W., Bjerke, A., Cape, J. N., Cavalli, F. and co-authors. 2007. Elemental and organic carbon in PM10 a one year measurement campaign within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme EMEP. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 5711–5725.
  • Zanatta, M., Gysel, M., Bukowiecki, N., Mijller, T., Weingartner, E. and co-authors. 2016. A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe. Atmos. Environ. 145, 346–364.
  • Zieger, P., Aalto, P. P., Aaltonen, V., Aj, M., Backman, J. and co-authors. 2015. Low hygroscopic scattering enhancement of boreal aerosol and the implications for a columnar optical closure study. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15, 7247–7267.