Hyperproduction: a social theory of deep generative models

References

• Akkaya, Ilge, Marcin Andrychowicz, Maciek Chociej, Mateusz Litwin, Bob McGrew, Arthur Petron, et al. 2019. ‘Solving Rubik’s Cube with a Robot Hand’. ArXiv:1910.07113 [Cs, Stat], October. http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07113.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, George W. 2001. None so blind: A personal failure account of the intelligence in Vietnam. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Baudrillard, Jean. 1994. Simulacra and simulation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, David M., and Michael Dieter. 2015. Postdigital aesthetics. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Birch, Kean. 2015. We have bever been neoliberal: A manifesto for a doomed youth. Winchester, UK Washington, USA: Zero Books.
   Google Scholar
• Birch, Kean. 2020. Techno science rent: Toward a theory of rentiership for techno scientific capitalism. Science, Technology, & Human Values 45, no. 1: 3–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch, Kean, and Fabian Muniesa, eds. 2020. Assetization: Turning things into assets in technoscientific capitalism. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Braman, Sandra. Forthcoming. Meta: A meditation on media economics. In The SAGE handbook of the digital media economy, eds. Terry Flew, Julian Thomas, and Jennifer Holt. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Brud. 2022. ‘Brud is seeking Sr Software Engineer (UE4/C++) & Sr Real-time Lighter (UE4)’. https://forums.unrealengine.com/t/brud-is-seeking-sr-software-engineer-ue4-c-sr-real-time-lighter-ue4/145442.
   Google Scholar
• Captain, Sean. 2018. How Google’s DeepMind will train its AI inside Unity’s video game worlds. FastCompany, 26.09.2018. https://www.fastcompany.com/90240010/deepminds-ai-will-learn-inside-unitys-video-game-worlds.
   Google Scholar
• China Law Translate. 2022. Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services (Draft for solicitation of comments). https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/deep-synthesis-draft/.
   Google Scholar
• Christophers, Brett. 2020. Rentier capitalism: Who owns the economy, and who pays for It. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Chun, Wendy. 2008. Programmability. In Software studies: A lexicon, ed. Matthew Fuller, 224–229. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Collins Dictionary. 2022. ‘Hyperproduction’. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hyperproduction.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, Dave. 2012. ‘Unity interview: engineering democracy’. VG247.com, 18.10.2012. https://www.vg247.com/unity-interview-engineering-democracy.
   Google Scholar
• Crunchbase. 2022. List of Epic Games’s 18 Acquisitions. https://www.crunchbase.com/search/acquisitions/field/organizations/num_acquisitions/epic-games-2.
   Google Scholar
• Dyer-Witheford, Nick, and Greig de Peuter. 2009. Games of empire: Global capitalism and video games. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Epic Games. 2021. ‘Announcing MetaHuman Creator: Fast, High-Fidelity Digital Humans in Unreal Engine’. Epic Games News, 10.02.2021. https://www.epicgames.com/site/en-US/news/announcing-metahuman-creator-fast-high-fidelity-digital-humans-in-unreal-engine.
   Google Scholar
• Epic Games. 2022a. ‘The Automotive Field Guide’. https://ue.unrealengine.com/ENT-1845-11-2020-Automotive-Field-Guide_LP-Automotive-Field-Guide.html.
   Google Scholar
• Epic Games. 2022b. ‘MetaHuman Creator End User License Agreement’. https://www.unrealengine.com/en-US/eula/mhc.
   Google Scholar
• Farseev, Aleksandr, Qi Yang, Andrey Filchenkov, Kirill Lepikhin, Yu-Yi Chu-Farseeva, and Daron-Benjamin Loo. 2021. SoMin. ai: Personality-driven content generation platform. Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Web search and data mining: 890–893.
   Google Scholar
• Freedman, Eric. 2018. Software. In The craft of criticism: Critical media studies in practice, eds. Michael Kackman, and Mary Celeste Kearney, 318–330. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gaboury, Jacob. 2021. Image objects: An archaeology of computer graphics. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gartner. 2021. ‘By 2024, 60% of the data used for the development of AI and analytics projects will be synthetically generated’. Gartner Blog, 24.07.2021. https://blogs.gartner.com/andrew_white/2021/07/24/by-2024-60-of-the-data-used-for-the-development-of-ai-and-analytics-projects-will-be-synthetically-generated/.
   Google Scholar
• Gram, Maya. 2022. Instagram Profile [@mayaaa.gram]. https://www.instagram.com/mayaaa.gram.
   Google Scholar
• Hayles, N. Katherine. 1999. How we became posthuman: Virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and informatics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hegarty, Paul. 2004. Jean baudrillard: Live theory. London/New York: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Hogan, Robert. 2006. Personality and the fate of organizations. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hollister, Sean. 2020. ‘Unity’s IPO filing shows how big a threat it poses to Epic and the Unreal Engine’. The Verge, 24.08.2020. https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/24/21399611/unity-ipo-game-engine-unreal-competitor-epic-app-store-revenue-profit.
   Google Scholar
• The Influencer Marketing Factory. 2022. Virtual Influencers Survey, 29.03.2022. https://theinfluencermarketingfactory.com/virtual-influencers-survey-infographic.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Derek. 2017. Production. In Keywords for media studies, eds. Laurie Ouellette, and Jonathan Gray. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Klose, Alexander. 2015. The container principle: How a box changes the way we think. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lange, Danny. 2022. ‘The industrial metaverse: Where simulation and reality meet’. VentureBeat, 26.01.2022. https://venturebeat.com/2022/01/26/the-industrial-metaverse-where-simulation-and-reality-meet/.
   Google Scholar
• Lim, Shawn. 2020. ‘Puma introduces a virtual influencer in South East Asia called Maya’. The Drum, 17.03.2020. https://www.thedrum.com/news/2020/03/17/puma-introduces-virtual-influencer-south-east-asia-called-maya.
   Google Scholar
• Looking Glass. 2021. Making ruDALL-E fine tuning quick and painless. Google Colab. https://colab.research.google.com/drive/15vFLeepkSTr1qd4xs31g9kMEiwkWP0sh#scrollTo=y-s9LfFBSyty.
   Google Scholar
• McKelvey, Fenwick. 2011. A programmable platform? Drupal, modularity, and the future of the Web. Fibreculture 18: 232–254.
   Google Scholar
• McKelvey, Fenwick. 2018. Internet daemons: Digital communications possessed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moles, Peter, and Nicholas Terry. 1997. Asset Specificity. In The handbook of international financial terms, eds. Peter Moles and Nicholas Terry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Natale, Simone. 2021. Deceitful media: Artificial intelligence and social life after the turing test. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nicoll, Benjamin, and Brendan Keogh. 2019. The unity game engine and the circuits of cultural software. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. 2001. Economic Production. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=725.
   Google Scholar
• Offert, Fabian. 2021. Latent deep space: Generative adversarial networks (GANs) in the sciences. Media+Environment, December, doi:10.1525/001c.29905.
   Google Scholar
• Ong, Thuy. 2020. ‘Virtual Influencers Make Real Money While Covid Locks Down Human Stars’. Bloomberg, 29.10.2020. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-10-29/lil-miquela-lol-s-seraphine-virtual-influencers-make-more-real-money-than-ever.
   Google Scholar
• Pandey, Prakash. 2018. ‘Deep Generative Models’. Towards Data Science, 31.01.2018. https://towardsdatascience.com/deep-generative-models-25ab2821afd3.
   Google Scholar
• Rossiter, Ned. 2014. Logistical worlds. Cultural Studies Review 20, no. 1: 53–76.
   Google Scholar
• Rothman, Joshua. 2018. ‘In the age of AI, is seeing still believing?’. The New Yorker, 12.11.2018. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/11/12/in-the-age-of-ai-is-seeing-still-believing.
   Google Scholar
• ruDALL-E. 2022. Write a text query and get an image generated by ruDALL-E. https://rudalle.ru/en/demo.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, Andrew L. 2012. Modularity: An interdisciplinary history of an ordering concept. Information & Culture: A Journal of History 47, no. 3: 257–287.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, Michael T. 2007. Hyperreality. In The blackwell encyclopedia of sociology, ed. George Ritzer. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Sadowski, Jathan. 2019. When data is capital: Datafication, accumulation, and extraction. Big Data & Society 6, no. 1: 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadowski, Jathan. 2020. The internet of landlords: Digital platforms and new mechanisms of rentier capitalism. Antipode 52, no. 2: 562–580.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sber. 2021a. ‘Sber creates ruDALL-E, first multimodal neural network generating images based on Russian-language description’. Sberbank Press Release, 02.11.2021. https://www.sberbank.com/news-and-media/press-releases/article?newsID=dd220542-ab0b-4c3f-91d4-0e40dd33f0d4&blockID=7&regionID=77&lang=en&type=NEWS.
   Google Scholar
• Sber. 2021b. ‘ruDALL-E neural network by Sber for image generation based on Russian-language descriptions now available on ML Space platform’. Sberbank Press Release, 15.12.2021. https://www.sberbank.com/news-and-media/press-releases/article?newsID=a26a208d-6c72-4f8a-a3b7-aefe1112cbae&blockID=7&regionID=77&lang=en&type=NEWS.
   Google Scholar
• Seyfert, R. 2021. Algorithms as regulatory objects. Information, Communication & Society 25, no. 11: 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solis, Daniel. 2022. These birds do not exist. https://twitter.com/Daniel-Solis/status/1487913576929103884.
   Google Scholar
• Srnicek, Nick. 2021. Value, rent, and platform capitalism. In Work and labour relations in global platform capitalism, eds. Julieta Haidar, and Maarten Keune. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Steinhoff, James. 2022. Toward a political economy of synthetic data: A data-intensive capitalism that is not a surveillance capitalism? New Media & Society: 29–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesla. 2021. AI Day. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0z4FweCy4M.
   Google Scholar
• Tesla. 2022. Software Engineer, Autopilot Simulation. https://www.tesla.com/careers/search/job/software-engineerautopilotsimulation-101985.
   Google Scholar
• Tiu, Ekin. 2020. Understanding Latent Space in Machine Learning. Towards Data Science, 04.02.2020. https://towardsdatascience.com/understanding-latent-space-in-machine-learning-de5a7c687d8d.
   Google Scholar
• Tobin, Josh. 2020. ‘Lecture 22 Sim2Real and Domain Randomization – CS287-FA19 Advanced Robotics at UC Berkeley. Course Instructor: Pieter Abbeel’. YouTube, 20.02.2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ac_W9IgKX2c.
   Google Scholar
• Tobin, Josh, Rachel Fong, Alex Ray, Jonas Schneider, Wojciech Zaremba, and Pieter Abbeel. 2017. Domain Randomization for Transferring Deep Neural Networks from Simulation to the Real world. 2017 IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems (IROS), pp. 23-30. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Tsing, Anna. 2009. Supply chains and the human condition. Rethinking Marxism 21, no. 2: 148–176.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, Fred. 2006. From counterculture to cyberculture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Unity Technologies. 2018. ‘Unity Technologies Increases Commitment to Automotive with Dedicated Team’. Press Release, 17.03.2018. https://unity.com/our-company/newsroom/unity-technologies-increases-commitment-automotive-dedicated-team-industry.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijck, José, Thomas Poell, and Martin De Waal. 2018. The platform society: Public values in a connective world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Veale, Michael, and Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius. 2021. Demystifying the draft EU Artificial Intelligence Act — analysing the good, the bad, and the unclear elements of the proposed approach. Computer Law Review International 22, no. 4: 97–112.
   Google Scholar
• Webster, Andrew. 2020. ‘Virtual artist Miquela debuted a music video at Lollapalooza’. The Verge, 31.03.2020. https://www.theverge.com/2020/7/31/21348119/miquela-hard-feelings-music-video-lollapalooza.
   Google Scholar
• Whittaker, Lucas, Tim C. Kietzmann, Jan Kietzmann, and Amir Dabirian. 2020. “All around me are synthetic faces”: The mad world of ai-generated media. IT Professional 22, no. 5: 90–99. doi:10.1109/MITP.2020.2985492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikimedia. 2022. GAN Architecture. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A-Standard-GAN-and-b-conditional-GAN-architecturpn.png.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, Erroll, Tadas Baltrušaitis, Louis-Philippe Morency, Peter Robinson, and Andreas Bulling. 2016. Learning an appearance-based gaze estimator from one million synthesised images. Proceedings of the ninth biennial ACM symposium on Eye tracking research & applications, pp. 131-138.
   Google Scholar
• Woolf, Max. 2022. ‘Make Your Own AI-Generated Pokémon’. Google Colab, 13.01.2022. https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1A3t2gQofQGeXo5z1BAr1zqYaqVg3czKd?usp=sharing.
   Google Scholar