- UNDCP, World Drug Report, Oxford UP, 1997, pp. 17-19 and 29-30; Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence, Australian Illicit Drug Report 1990-00, Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence, Canberra, March 2001, pp. 11-12.
- Ralph Seccombe (1995). Squeezing the Balloon: International Drugs Policy. In: Drug and Alcohol Review, Vol. 14, pp. 311-316.
- Sandy Gordon, Technology impacts on drug production in Asia: the role of amphetamines in Asia's growing drug problem. Platypus Magazine, (72), 17-22 (Sept. 2001); Section on Southeast Asia and the Pacific in US, DOS, Narcotics Control Reports, 2000: United States, Department of State, Narcotics Control Reports, 2000 at http://www.state.gov/g/inl/rls/nrcrpt/2000/index/cfm visited 19/12/01.
- Such changes seem to have occurred over several years in the US (UNDCP, op. cit., (footnote 2), pp. 322-325 and Ernest Drucker, U.S. drug policy: prohibition in Public health reports, Vol. 114, (Jan/Feb. 1997), pp. 14-29 at pp. 19-23).
- Keith Moor, Drug lords push deadly new deals. Herald Sun (Melbourne) Tuesday, 19 June 2001, p. 10; W.M. Bush, The Australian heroin drought: the case for an inquiry into its causes and the flood of methamphetamines (February 2002) at www.ffdlr.org.au
- S.D. Stein, International Diplomacy, State Administrators and Narcotics Control: The Origins of a Social Problem, Gower for London School of Economics and Political Science, 1985, pp. 164-165 for the 1924 Rollason Report and UK, Department of Health, Scottish Office Department of Health, Welsh Office Department of Health and Social Services, Northern Ireland, Drug Misuse and Dependence -- Guidelines on Clinical Management, Department of Health, London, 1999, p. 57 for current practice.
- Switzerland, Federal Office of Public Health, Treatment with Prescription Heroin: Arguments Concerning the Popular Vote on the Urgent Federal Ordinance on the Medical Prescription of Heroin (Treatment with Medically Prescribed Heroin) on 13 June 1999, GEWA, Zollikafen, April 1999. Translation in www.ffldr.org.au/resources/ of a version at http://www.admin.ch/bag/sucht/drog-pol/abstimmg/f/index.htm
- The Netherlands, Central Committee on the treatment of Heroin Addicts Medical Co-prescription of Heroin: Two Randomized Controlled Trials, Utrecht, February 2002 at www.ccbh.nl.
- Dan Gardner, U.S. bullies world into waging futile drug war, Chicago Sun-Times (IL), 7 January 2001 at http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v01-/n036/a05.html; Margaret Hamilton, Drug policy in Australia -- our own? In: Gerber, J and Jensen, E (Eds.) Drug War, American Style. The Internationalization of Failed Policy and its Alternatives, Garland Pub., NY., 2001, Chapt. 6, pp. 97-120.
- United Nations, Commentary on the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (Prepared by the Secretary-General in accordance with Paragraph 1 of Economic and Social Council Resolution 914 D (XXXIV) of 3 August 1962), United Nations, New York, 1973, Sales No. E. 73.XI.1, 18, p. 12; Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 1992 15(a), p. 4.
- Decision of the Constitutional Court of May 1994 (Sentencia No. C-221/94) declaring unconstitutional on human rights grounds certain provisions of the National Narcotics Statute on personal possession of cannabis. Discussed in Kai Ambos, The 'White Triangle' and the cannabis decision of the Colombian Constitutional Court. In: Lorenz Böllinger (Ed.)., Cannabis Science from Prohibition to Human Right, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am main, Berlin, New York, Paris, Vienna, 1997, pp. 247-255.
- El País (Madrid) 2 May 2001.
- Eddy L. Engelsman. Overseas experience: Netherlands. In: Russell Fox and Ian Mathews (Eds.), Drug Policy: Fact, Fiction and the Future, The Federation Press, Leichhardt, New South Wales, 1992, Chapt. 16, pp. 196-205 at pp. 200-201.
- Kate Dolan, Jo Kimber, Craig Fry, John Fitzgerald, David McDonald & Franz Trautmann, "Drug consumption facilities in Europe and the establishment of supervised injecting centres in Australia" in Drug and Alcohol Review (2000) 19, 337-346; J. Kimber, K. Dolan & A. Wodak, International survey of supervised injecting centres (1999-2000). Technical report no. 126 (2001), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. University of New South Wales, Sydney.
- R.P. Mattick, J. Kimber, J. Kaldor, M. MacDonald, D. Weatherburn & H. Lapsley, Six-month process evaluation report on the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre (MSIC). Technical report no. 124 (2001), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. University of New South Wales, Sydney.
- Simon Mann, UN drugs agency threatens ban on $160 m poppy trade. The Sydney Morning Herald, 18 December 1999, p. 3 and, similarly, The Age (Melbourne), 1 December 1999, p. 8. For direct U.S. pressure, see also Gardner, op. cit., (footnote 12).
- Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 1999, United Nations, New York, 2000, pp. 26-27.
- Art. 38 of the Single Convention (footnote 8) particularly as amended by its amending Protocol done at Geneva on 25 March 1972. Arts. 20 and 22(1)(b) of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, done at Vienna on 21 February 1971 (Aust. TS 1982 No. 14; TIAS 9725, ILM Vol. 10, p. 261; UNTS Vol. 1019, p. 175; UKTS 1993 No. 51 (Cm 2307)); Arts. 3(4)(c) and (d), 14 (4) of the 1988 convention (footnote 1) and chapt. IV on treatment and rehabilitation in Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline adopted by the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, held in 1987 in United Nations (Report of the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, Vienna, 17-26 June 1987, United Nations, New York, 1976, A/CONF. 133/12, Sale No. E.87.I.18)).
- For early accounts of the rapid capitalisation by criminals of prohibition, see J.C. Densten, M.D., Drug addiction and the Harrison Anti-Narcotic Act. New York Medical Journal, 105, (21 April 1917), pp. 747-748 reproduced in H. Wayne Morgan (Ed.), Yesterday's Addicts: American Society and Drug Abuse 1865-1920, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1974, pp. 215-218 and Sara Graham-Mulhal, "Experiences in narcotic drug control in the State of New York. New York Medical Journal, 113, (15 January 1921), pp. 106-111 reproduced in Morgan op. cit., pp. 198-214 at pp. 207-212.
- Alfred W. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin; CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade. A Completely Revised and Expanded Edition of the Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia, Lawrence Hill Books, Brooklyn, NY, 1991, e.g., Chapt. 9.
- International Crisis Group, Central Asia: Drugs and Conflict (ICG Asia Report, No. 25) 26 November 2001 37pp at http://www.crisisweb.org/projects/showreport.cfm?reportid=495; Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2001, 399-400.
Addiction Research & Theory
Volume 11, 2003 - Issue 2