184
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Heroin use and barriers to treatment in street-involved youth

, , &
Pages 477-487 | Received 02 Feb 2005, Accepted 04 Apr 2005, Published online: 11 Jul 2009

References

  • Adlaf, E. M., Zdanowicz, Y. M., & Smart, R. G. (1996). Alcohol and other drug use among street-involved youth in Toronto. Addiction Research, 4(1),11–24.
  • American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edn.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Baekeland, F., & Lundwall, L. (1975). Dropping out of treatment: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 738–783.
  • Ball, J. C., & Ross, A. (1991). The effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment: Patients, programs, services, and outcome. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  • Blood, L., & Cornwall, A. (1994). Pretreatment variables that predict completion of an adolescent substance abuse treatment program. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 182, 14–19.
  • Craig, R. J. (1985). Reducing the treatment drop out rate in drug abuse programs. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 2, 209–219.
  • Cronquist, A., Edwards, V., Galea, S., Latka, M., & Vlahov, D. (2001). Health care utilization among young adult injection drug users in Harlem, New York. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13, 17–27.
  • Dakof, G. A. (2000). Understanding gender differences in adolescent drug abuse: Issues of comorbidity and family functioning. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 32(1),25–32.
  • De Rosa, C. J., Montgomery, S. B., Kipke, M. D., Iverson, E., Ma, J. L., & Unger, J. B. (1999). Service utilization among homeless and runaway youth in Los Angeles, California: Rates and reasons. Journal of Adolescent Health, 24, 449–458.
  • DeMatteo, D., Major, C., Block, B., Coates, R., Fearon, M., Goldberg, E., et al. (1999). Toronto street youth and HIV/AIDS: Prevalence, demographics, and risks. Journal of Adolescent Health, 25(5),358–366.
  • Fuller, C. M., Vlahov, D., Ompad, D. C., Shah, N., Arria, A., & Strathdee, S. A. (2002). High-risk behaviours associated with transition from illicit non-injection to injection drug use among adolescent and young adult drug users: A case-control study. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 66, 189–198.
  • Gleghorn, A. A., Marx, R., Vittinghoff, E., & Katz, M. H. (1998). Association between drug use patterns and HIV risks among homeless, runaway, and street youth in Northern California. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 51, 219–227.
  • Greene, J. M., Ennett, S. T., & Ringwalt, C. L. (1997). Substance use among runaway and homeless youth in three national samples. American Journal of Public Health, 87(2),229–235.
  • Hartnoll, R. L. (1992). Research and the help-seeking process. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 429–437.
  • Hopfer, C. J., Khuri, E., Crowley, T. J., & Hooks, S. (2002). Adolescent heroin use: A review of the descriptive and treatment literature. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23, 231–237.
  • Hopfer, C. J., Mikulich, S. K., & Crowley, T. J. (2000). Heroin use among adolescents in treatment for substance use disorders. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(10),1316–1323.
  • Hubbard, R. L. (1989). Drug abuse treatment: A national study of effectiveness. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press.
  • Jankowski, C. B., & Drun, D. E. (1977). Diagnostic correlates of discharges against medical advice. Archive of General Psychiatry, 34, 153–158.
  • Kaminer, Y., Tarter, R. E., Bukstein, O. G., & Kabene, M. (1992). Adolescent substance abuse treatment: Staff, treatment completers’, and noncompleters’ perceptions of the value of treatment variables. American Journal on Addictions, 1, 115–120.
  • Kim, J. Y. S., & Fendrich, M. (2002). Gender differences in juvenile arrestees’ drug use, self-reported dependence, and perceived need for treatment. Psychiatric Services, 53(1),70–75.
  • Latimer, W. W., Stone, A. L., Voight, A., Winters, K. C., & August, G. J. (2002). Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity among adolescents with substance use disorders. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10(3),310–315.
  • Long-term treatment outcomes good for adults, poor for youths. Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly, 10 (35), September 14, 1998. pp. 1 & 5.
  • Martin, K. (2003). Substance-abusing adolescents show ethnic and gender differences in psychiatric disorders. NIDA Notes, 18(1),8–10.
  • Martinez, T. E., Gleghorn, A., Marx, R., Clements, K., Boman, M., & Katz, M. H. (1998). Psychosocial histories, social environment, and HIV risk behaviours of injection and noninjection drug using homeless youths. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 30(1),1–10.
  • NIH Consensus Conference (1998). Effective medical treatment of opiate addiction. JAMA, 280, 1936–1943. National Institute on Drug Abuse (2002, December 4). Future research on runaway, homeless, and street youth: Meeting summary. Renaissance Washington Hotel, Washington, DC. Available: http://www.nida.nih.gov/ whatsnew/meetings/StreetYouth/Index.html (accessed August 7, 2003).
  • Pugatch, D., Strong, L. L., Has, P., Patterson, D., Combs, C., Reinert, S., et al. (2001). Heroin use in adolescents and young adults admitted for drug detoxification. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13, 337–346.
  • Rivers, S. M., Greenbaum, R. L., & Goldberg, E. (2001). Hospital-based adolescent substance abuse treatment: Comorbidity, outcomes and gender. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 189, 220–237.
  • Rowe, J. (2005). Laying the foundations: Addressing heroin use among the ‘street homeless’. Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy, 12(1),47–59.
  • Roy, E., Haley, N., Leclerc, P., Lemire, N., Boivin, J. F., Frappier, J. Y., et al. (2000). Prevalence of HIV infection and risk behaviours among Montreal street youth. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 11, 241–247.
  • Roy, E., Haley, N., Leclerc, P., Ce´dras, L., Blais, L., & Boivin, J. F. (2003). Drug injection among street youths in Montreal: Predictors of initiation. Journal of Urban Health, 80(1),92–105.
  • Slesnick, N., Meade, M., & Tonigan, J. S. (2001). Relationship between service utilization and runaway youths’ alcohol and other drug use. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 19(3),19–29.
  • Slesnick, N., Meyers, R. J., Meade, M., & Segelken, D. H. (2000). Bleak and hopeless no more: Engagement of reluctant substance-abusing runaway youth and their families. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 19, 215–222.
  • Smart, R. G., & Adlaf, E. M. (1991). Substance use and problems among Toronto street youth. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 999–1010.
  • Smart, R. G., Adlaf, E. M., Walsh, G. W., & Zdanowicz, Y. M. (1992). Drifting and doing: Changes in drug use among Toronto street youth, 1990 and 1992. Toronto, Canada: Addiction Research Foundation.
  • Smart, R. G., & Ogborne, A. C. (1994). Street youth in substance abuse treatment: Characteristics and treatment compliance. Adolescence, 29(115),733–745.
  • Stark, M. J. (1992). Dropping out of substance abuse treatment: A clinically oriented review. Clinical Psychological Review, 12, 93–116.
  • Truong, M. V., Williams, B., & Timoshenko, G. (1998). Ontario Profile – Alcohol and Other Drugs. Toronto, Canada: Addiction Research Foundation.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.