Gratitude, insecure attachment, and positive outcomes among 12-step recovery program participants^*

References

• Alcoholics Anonymous. 1983. Questions and answers on sponsorship. New York, NY: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc. 1940-2010. Aa grapevine: The international journal of alcoholics anonymous digital archive. Retrieved June 5, 2015. http://da.aagrapevine.org/?q=da
   Google Scholar
• Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc. 2001. Alcoholics anonymous: The story of how many thousands of men and women recovered from alcoholism. (4th ed.). New York, NY: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.
   Google Scholar
• Algoe SB. 2012. Find, remind, and bind: the functions of gratitude in everyday relationships. Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 6:455–469.
   Google Scholar
• Algoe SB, Haidt J, Gable SL. 2008. Beyond reciprocity: Gratitude and relationships in everyday life. Emotion. 8:425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett M, DeSteno D. 2006. Gratitude and prosocial behavior: Helping when it costs you. Psychol Sci. 17:319–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspers KM, Cadoret RJ, Langbehn D, Yucuis R, Troutman B. 2005. Contributions of attachment style and perceived social support to lifetime use of illicit substances. Psychol Addict. 30:1007–1011.
   Google Scholar
• Cassidy J, Shaver PR. 2008. Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. (2nd ed.). New York, NY US: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Hoberman HM. 1983. Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress. J Appl Social Pyschol. 13:99–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. 1983. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 24:385–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins NL, Feeney BC. 2004. Working models of attachment shape perceptions of social support: Evidence from experimental and observational studies. J Pers Soc Psychol. 87:363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Rick A, Vanheule S, Verhaeghe P. 2009. Alcohol addiction and the attachment system: An empirical study of attachment style, alexithymia, and psychiatric disorders in alcoholic inpatients. Subst Use Misuse. 44:99–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons RA, McCullough ME. 2003. Counting blessings versus burdens: an experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. J Pers Soc Psychol. 84:377–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons RA, McCullough ME. 2004. The psychology of gratitude. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Emmons RA, Mishra A. 2011. Why gratitude enhances well-being: what we know, what we need to know. In: K. M. Sheldon, T. B. Kashdan, & M. F. Steger, editors. Designing positive psychology: taking stock and moving forward. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; pp. 248–262.
   Google Scholar
• Flores PJ. 2004. Addiction as an attachment disorder. New York: Jason Aronson Publishing, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson BL. 2001. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Am Psychol. 56:218–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrickson BL. 2004. Gratitude, like other positive emotions, broadens and builds. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough, editors. The psychology of gratitude. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; pp. 145–166.
   Google Scholar
• General Service Office of Alcoholics Anonymous. 2016. Estimates of aa groups and members. Retrieved August 12, 2016, from http://www.aa.org/assets/en_US/smf-53_en.pdf (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/6k0HCVpAV)
   Google Scholar
• General Service Office of Alcoholics Anonymous (2014). Membership survey. New York, NY: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. Retreived May 22, 2017, from http://www.aa.org/assets/en_US/p-48_membershipsurvey.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hazan C, Shaver PR. 1987. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol. 52:511–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins CO, Tonigan JS. 2011. Attachment avoidance and anxiety as predictors of 12-step group engagement. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 72:854–863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassel JD, Wardle M, Roberts JE. 2007. Adult attachment security and college student substance use. Addict Behav. 32:1164–1176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly JF, Greene MC. 2013. The twelve promises of alcoholics anonymous: psychometric measure validation and mediational testing as a 12-step specific mechanism of behavior change. Drug Alcohol Depend. 133:633–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly JF, Stout RL, Magill M, Tonigan JS. 2011. The role of alcoholics anonymous in mobilizing adaptive social network changes: A prospective lagged mediational analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 114:119–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein AA, Slaymaker VJ, Kelly JF. 2011. The 12 step affiliation and practices scale: Development and initial validation of a measure assessing 12 step affiliation. Addict Behav. 36:1045–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause N. 2006. Gratitude toward god, stress, and health in late life. Res Aging. 28:163–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krentzman AR, Mannella KA, Hassett AL, Barnett NP, Cranford JA, Brower KJ, Higgins MM, Meyer PS. 2015. Feasibility, acceptability, and impact of a web-based gratitude exercise among individuals in outpatient treatment for alcohol use disorder. J Posit Psychol. 10:477–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert NM, Fincham FD. 2011. Expressing gratitude to a partner leads to more relationship maintenance behavior. American Psychological Association. 11:52–60.
   Google Scholar
• McCullough ME, Emmons RA, Tsang JA. 2002. The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. J Pers Soc Psychol. 82:112–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narcotics Anonymous World Services. 2013. Na membership survey. Retrieved August 11, 2016, from https://www.na.org/admin/include/spaw2/uploads/pdf/PR/NA_Membership_Survey.pdf (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/6k0HSic4j)
   Google Scholar
• Procidano MF, Heller K. 1983. Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: three validation studies. Am J Community Psychol. 11:1–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seligman ME, Steen TA, Park N, Peterson C. 2005. Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. Am Psychol. 60:410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaver PR, Mikulincer M. 2006. Attachment theory, individual psychodynamics, and relationship functioning. In A. L. Vangelisti & D. Perlman, editors. The Cambridge Handbook of personal relationships. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; pp. 251–271.
   Google Scholar
• Shaver PR, Mikulincer M. 2007. Attachment theory and research: core concepts, basic principles, conceptual bridges. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins, editors. Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press; pp. 650–677.
   Google Scholar
• Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. 1996. The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. J Trauma Stress. 9:455–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorberg FA, Lyvers M. 2006. Attachment, fear of intimacy and differentiation of self among clients in substance disorder treatment facilities. Addict Behav. 31:732–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vungkhanching M, Sher KJ, Jackson KM, Parra GR. 2004. Relation of attachment style to family history of alcoholism and alcohol use disorders in early adulthood. Drug and Alcohol Dependence.75:47–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei M, Russell DW, Mallinckrodt B, Vogel DL. 2007. The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR)-short form: reliability, validity, and factor structure. J Pers Assess. 88:187–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson B. 1953. Twelve steps and twelve traditions (1st ed.). New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.
   Google Scholar
• Wood AM, Froh JJ, Geraghty AA. 2010. Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration. Clin Psychol Rev. 30:890–905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood AM, Joseph S, Maltby J. 2009. Gratitude predicts psychological well-being above the big five facets. Pers Individ Dif. 46:443–447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood AM, Maltby J, Gillett R, Linley PA, Joseph S. 2008. The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: two longitudinal studies. J Res Pers. 42:854–871.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar