626
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

‘This is a health service. Leave it alone’: service user and staff views on policing boundaries involving supervised consumption services

, , , , & ORCID Icon
Pages 55-63 | Received 18 Jul 2019, Accepted 11 Feb 2020, Published online: 03 Mar 2020

References

  • Bardwell G, Scheim A, Mitra S, Kerr T. 2017. Assessing support for supervised injection services among community stakeholders in London, Canada. Int J Drug Policy. 48:27–33.
  • Bayoumi AM, Strike C, Jairam J, Watson T, Enns E, Kolla G, Lee A, Shepherd S, Hopkins S, Millson M, et al. 2012. Report of the Toronto and Ottawa supervised consumption assessment study. Toronto (Canada): St. Michael’s Hospital and Dalla Lana School of Public Health.
  • Belackova V, Salmon AM. 2017. Overview of international literature: supervised injecting facilities and drug consumption rooms. Sydney (Australia): Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre.
  • Beletsky L, Heller D, Jenness SM, Neaigus A, Gelpi-Acosta C, Hagan H. 2014. Syringe access, syringe sharing, and police encounters among people who inject drugs in New York City: a community-level perspective. Int J Drug Policy. 25(1):105–111.
  • Belzak L, Halverson J. 2018. Evidence synthesis – the opioid crisis in Canada: a national perspective. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 38(6):224–233.
  • Bouvier BA, Elston B, Hadland SE, Green TC, Marshall BDL. 2017. Willingness to use a supervised injection facility among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically: a cross-sectional study. Harm Reduct J. 14(1):13.
  • Braun V, Clarke V. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 3(2):77–101.
  • Burman D. 2018 Aug 14. Toronto’s safe injection sites: your FAQs answered. CityNews. http://toronto.citynews.ca/2018/08/14/toronto-safe-injection-site-faq/
  • Butler G, Chapman D, Terry P. 2018. Attitudes of intravenous drug users in London towards the provision of drug consumption rooms. Drugs Educ Prev Policy. 25(1):31–37.
  • Canadian Press. 2018 Apr 20. Doug Ford says he’s ‘dead against’ supervised injection sites. CBC News. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/doug-ford-says-he-s-dead-against-supervised-injection-sites-1.4628547
  • Cleirec G, Fortias M, Bloch V, Clergue-Duval V, Bellivier F, Dusouchet T, Debaulieu C, Vorspan F. 2018. Opinion of health professionals and drug users before the forthcoming opening of the first drug consumption room in Paris: a quantitative cross-sectional study. Harm Reduct J. 15(1):53.
  • Cooper H, Moore L, Gruskin S, Krieger N. 2005. The impact of a police crackdown on drug injectors’ ability to practice harm reduction: a qualitative study. Soc Sci Med. 61(3):673–684.
  • Davidson PJ, Lopez AM, Kral AH. 2018. Using drugs in un/safe spaces: impact of perceived illegality on an underground supervised injecting facility in the United States. Int J Drug Policy. 53:37–44.
  • Davis CS, Burris S, Kraut-Becher J, Lynch KG, Metzger D. 2005. Effects of an intensive street-level police intervention on syringe exchange program use in Philadelphia, PA. Am J Public Health. 95(2):233–236.
  • Duff E. 2016 Jul 1. ‘The safe room’. The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/the-safe-room-20160616-gpkkh2.html
  • Floody C. 2018 Jul 5. Police in Toronto’s downtown core will now carry overdose-reversal drug, naloxone. The Star. http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2018/07/05/toronto-police-to-use-naloxone-to-prevent-opioid-overdoses.html
  • Glaser BG. 2004. Remodeling grounded theory. Forum Qual Soc Res. 5:4.
  • Gray J. 2018 Nov 5. Toronto’s drug-use sites could shut down under new provincial rules, activists say. Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/toronto/article-torontos-drug-use-sites-could-shut-down-under-new-provincial-rules/
  • Hinds L, Murphy K. 2007. Public satisfaction with police: using procedural justice to improve police legitimacy. Aust N Z J Criminol. 40(1):27–42.
  • Holloway I, Todres L. 2003. The status of method: flexibility, consistency and coherence. Qual Res. 3(3):345–357.
  • Houborg E, Frank VA, Bjerge B. 2014. From zero tolerance to non-enforcement: creating a new space drug policing in Copenhagen, Denmark. Contemp Drug Prob. 41(2):261–291.
  • Hough M. 2010. Policing, new public management and legitimacy. In: Brookes S, Grint K, editors. The new public leadership challenge: the rhetoric and reality of public reform. Basingstoke (UK): Palgrave Macmillan; p. 70–84.
  • Howell M. 2014. Dr. Peter Centre injection site still illegal after all these years. Vancouver Courier. http://www.vancourier.com/opinion/dr-peter-centre-injection-site-still-illegal-after-all-these-years-1.2180304?blogRssReaderId=7.6871
  • Huq AZ, Jackson J, Trinkner R. 2017. Legitimating practices: revisiting the predicates of police legitimacy. Br J Criminol. 57:1101–1122.
  • Jackson J, Bradford B, Hough M, Myhill A, Quinton P, Tyler TR. 2012. Why do people comply with the law? Legitimacy and the influence of legal institutions. Br J Criminol. 52(6):1051–1071.
  • Kammersgaard T. 2019. Harm reducing policing: from drug enforcement to protection. Contemp Drug Prob. 46(4):345–362.
  • Katz N, Leonard L, Wiesenfeld L, Perry JJ, Thiruganasambandamoorthy V, Calder L. 2017. Support of supervised injection facilities by emergency physicians in Canada. Int J Drug Policy. 49:26–31.
  • Kerr T, Mitra S, Kennedy MC, McNeil R. 2017. Supervised injection facilities in Canada: past, present, and future. Harm Reduct J. 14(1):28.
  • Lavoie J. 2017 Aug 14. Toronto harm reduction workers open pop-up overdose prevention site. Toronto.com. http://www.toronto.com/community-story/7502071-toronto-harm-reduction-workers-open-pop-up-overdose-prevention-site/
  • León C, Cardoso L, Mackin S, Bock B, Gaeta JM. 2018. The willingness of people who inject drugs in Boston to use a supervised injection facility. Subst Abuse. 39(1):95–101.
  • Leslie EM, Cherney A, Smirnov A, Kemp R, Najman JM. 2018. Experiences of police contact among young adult recreational drug users: a qualitative study. Int J Drug Policy. 56:64–72.
  • Leslie EM, Cherney A, Smirnov A, Wells H, Kemp R, Najman JM. 2017. Willingness to cooperate with police: a population-based study of Australian young adult illicit stimulant users. Criminol Criminal Just. 17(3):301–318.
  • Mazerolle L, Bennett S, Davis J, Sargeant E, Manning M. 2013. Procedural justice and police legitimacy: a systematic review of the research evidence. J Exp Criminol. 9(3):245–274.
  • Meares TL. 2017. The path forward: improving the dynamics of community-police relationships to achieve effective law enforcement policies. Columbia Law Rev. 117:1355–1368.
  • Noppe J, Verhage A, Van Damme A. 2017. Police legitimacy: an introduction. Policing. 40(3):474–479.
  • Packer-Multi B. 2010. Conducting a focus group. Qual Rep. 15(4):1023–1026.
  • Philbin MM, Lozada R, Zúñiga M, Mantsios A, Case P, Magis-Rodriguez C, Latkin CA, Strathdee SA. 2008. A qualitative assessment of stakeholder perceptions and socio-cultural influences on the acceptability of harm reduction programs in Tijuana, Mexico. Harm Reduct J. 5(1):36.
  • Potier C, Laprévote V, Dubois-Arber F, Cottencin O, Rolland B. 2014. Supervised injection services: what has been demonstrated? A systematic literature review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 145:48–68.
  • Sandelowski M. 2010. What’s in a name? Qualitative description revisited. Res Nurs Health. 33:77–84.
  • Stone K, Shirley-Beavan S. 2018. Global state of harm reduction 2018. London (UK): Harm Reduction International.
  • Strike C, Watson TM. 2019. Losing the uphill battle? Emergent harm reduction interventions and barriers during the opioid overdose crisis in Canada. Int J Drug Policy. 71:178–182.
  • Strike C, Watson TM, Altenberg J, Barnaby L, Bayoumi AM, Challacombe L, Demel G, Hopkins S, Wright A. under review. Challenges, skepticism and recommendations from police about working in collaboration with supervised consumption services.
  • Sunshine J, Tyler TR. 2003. The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing. Law Soc Rev. 37(3):513–548.
  • Trinkner R, Jackson J, Tyler TR. 2018. Bounded authority: expanding “appropriate” police behavior beyond procedural justice. Law Hum Behav. 42(3):280–293.
  • Trinkner R, Tyler TR. 2016. Legal socialization: coercion vs. consent in an era of mistrust. Annu Rev Law Soc Sci. 12(1):417–439.
  • Tyler TR. 2003. Procedural justice, legitimacy and the effective rule of law. Crime Just. 30:283–357.
  • Tyler TR. 2004. Enhancing police legitimacy. Ann Am Acad Political Soc Sci. 593(1):84–99.
  • Tyler TR. 2006. Why people obey the law. New Haven (CT): Yale University Press.
  • Tyler TR, Jackson J. 2013. Future challenges in the study of legitimacy and criminal justice. In: Tankebe J, Liebling A, editors. Legitimacy and criminal justice: an international exploration. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; p. 83–104.
  • van Beek I. 2003. The Sydney Medically Supervised Injecting Centre: a clinical model. J Drug Issues. 33(3):625–638.
  • Wagner KD, Simon-Freeman R, Bluthenthal RN. 2013. The association between law enforcement encounters and syringe sharing among IDUs on Skid Row: a mixed methods analysis. AIDS Behav. 17(8):2637–2643.
  • Warr DJ. 2005. “It was fun…but we don’t usually talk about these things”: analyzing sociable interaction in focus groups. Qual Inquiry. 11(2):200–225.
  • Watson TM, Bayoumi A, Kolla G, Penn R, Fischer B, Luce J, Strike C. 2012. Police perceptions of supervised consumption sites (SCSs): a qualitative study. Subst Use Misuse. 47(4):364–374.
  • Watson TM, Bayoumi AM, Hopkins S, Wright A, Naraine R, Khorasheh T, Challacombe L, Strike C. 2018. Creating and sustaining cooperative relationships between supervised injection services and police: a qualitative interview study of international stakeholders. Int J Drug Policy. 61:1–6.
  • Watson TM, Kolla G, van der Meulen E, Dodd Z. 2020. Critical studies of harm reduction: overdose response in uncertain political times. Int J Drug Policy. 76:102615.
  • Weeks C, Gray J. 2019 Apr 1. Ontario cuts funding to three supervised drug-use sites. Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-ontario-to-close-three-supervised-drug-use-sites/
  • Wenger LD, Arreola SG, Kral AH. 2011. The prospect of implementing a safer injection facility in San Francisco: perspectives of community stakeholders. Int J Drug Policy. 22(3):239–241.
  • Werb D, Wood E, Small W, Strathdee S, Li K, Montaner J, Kerr T. 2008. Effects of police confiscation of illicit drugs and syringes among injection drug users in Vancouver. Int J Drug Policy. 19(4):332–338.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.