Access to safer injection equipment among people who inject drugs utilizing medical services in an urban hospital in the United States

References

• Anderson ES, Russell C, Basham K, Montgomery M, Lozier H, Crocker A, Zuluaga M, White DAE. 2020. High prevalence of injection drug use and blood-borne viral infections among patients in an urban emergency department. PLOS One. 15(6):e0233927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassetti S, Battegay M. 2004. Staphylococcus aureus infections in injection drug users: risk factors and prevention strategies. Infection. 32(3):163–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluthenthal RN, Kral AH, Gee L, Erringer EA, Edlin BR. 2000. The effect of syringe exchange use on high-risk injection drug users: a cohort study. AIDS. 14(5):605–611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluthenthal RN, Ridgeway G, Schell T, Anderson R, Flynn NM, Kral AH. 2007. Examination of the association between syringe exchange program (SEP) dispensation policy and SEP client-level syringe coverage among injection drug users. Addiction. 102(4):638–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonar EE, Rosenberg H. 2014. Injection drug users’ perceived barriers to using self-initiated harm reduction strategies. Addict Res Theory. 22(4):271–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley H, Rosenthal EM, Barranco MA, Udo T, Sullivan PS, Rosenberg ES. 2020. Use of population-based surveys for estimating the population size of persons who inject drugs in the United States. J Infect Dis. 222(Suppl. 5):S218–S229.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chiarello E. 2016. Nonprescription syringe sales: resistant pharmacists’ attitudes and practices. Drug Alcohol Depend. 166:45–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colledge S, Peacock A, Leung J, Larney S, Grebely J, Hickman M, Cunningham E, Trickey A, Stone J, Vickerman P, et al. 2019. The prevalence of non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs: a multi-stage systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Drug Policy. 73:172–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins AB, Boyd J, Cooper HLF, McNeil R. 2019. The intersectional risk environment of people who use drugs. Soc Sci Med. 234:112384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coughlin PA, Mavor AID. 2006. Arterial consequences of recreational drug use. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 32(4):389–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes RM, Cary M, Duarte G, Jesus G, Alarcão J, Torre C, Costa S, Costa J, Carneiro AV. 2017. Effectiveness of needle and syringe programmes in people who inject drugs – an overview of systematic reviews. BMC Public Health. 17(1).
   Google Scholar
• Fernández-Viña MH, Prood NE, Herpolsheimer A, Waimberg J, Burris S. 2020. State laws governing syringe services programs and participant syringe possession, 2014–2019. Public Health Rep. 135(1 Suppl.):128S–137S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanoa K, Bilgrei OR, Buvik K, Gjersing L. 2021. “Hooked on the needle”: exploring the paradoxical attractions towards injecting drug use.
   Google Scholar
• Kerr T, Small W, Buchner C, Zhang R, Li K, Montaner J, Wood E. 2010. Syringe sharing and HIV incidence among injection drug users and increased access to sterile syringes. Am J Public Health. 100(8):1449–1453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larney S, Peacock A, Mathers BM, Hickman M, Degenhardt L. 2017. A systematic review of injecting-related injury and disease among people who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Depend. 171:39–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longshore D, Bluthenthal RN, Stein MD. 2001. Needle exchange program attendance and injection risk in providence, Rhode Island. AIDS Educ Prev. 13(1):78–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macias-Konstantopoulos W, Heins A, Sachs CJ, Whiteman PJ, Wingkun NJG, Riviello RJ. 2021. Between emergency department visits: the role of harm reduction programs in mitigating the harms associated with injection drug use. Ann Emerg Med. 77(5):479–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malegislature. 2022. General Law – Part I, Title XV, Chapter 94C, Section 27; [accessed 2022 Jun 27]. https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXV/Chapter94C/Section27.
   Google Scholar
• Marotta PL, Stringer K, Beletsky L, West BS, Goddard-Eckrich D, Gilbert L, Hunt T, Wu E, El-Bassel N. 2021. Assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 2019. Harm Reduct J. 18(1).
   Google Scholar
• McDonald D. 2009. The evaluation of a trial of syringe vending machines in Canberra, Australia. Int J Drug Policy. 20(4):336–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy EL, DeVita D, Liu H, Vittinghoff E, Leung P, Ciccarone DH, Edlin BR. 2001. Risk factors for skin and soft-tissue abscesses among injection drug users: a case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 33(1):35–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oramasionwu CU, Johnson TL, Zule WA, Carda-Auten J, Golin CE. 2015. Using pharmacies in a structural intervention to distribute low dead space syringes to reduce HIV and HCV transmission in people who inject drugs. Am J Public Health. 105(6):1066–1071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips KT. 2016. Barriers to practicing risk reduction strategies among people who inject drugs. Addict Res Theory. 24(1):62–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips KT, Altman JK, Corsi KF, Stein MD. 2013. Development of a risk reduction intervention to reduce bacterial and viral infections for injection drug users. Subst Use Misuse. 48(1–2):54–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieper B, Templin TN, Kirsner RS, Birk TJ. 2009. Impact of injection drug use on distribution and severity of chronic venous disorders. Wound Repair Regen. 17(4):485–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouget ER, Deren S, Fuller CM, Blaney S, McMahon JM, Kang S-Y, Tortu S, Andia JF, Des Jarlais DC, Vlahov D. 2005. Receptive syringe sharing among injection drug users in Harlem and the Bronx during the New York State Expanded Syringe Access Demonstration Program. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 39(4):471–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes T. 2009. Risk environments and drug harms: a social science for harm reduction approach. Int J Drug Policy. 20(3):193–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riley ED, Kral AH, Stopka TJ, Garfein RS, Reuckhaus P, Bluthenthal RN. 2010. Access to sterile syringes through San Francisco pharmacies and the association with HIV risk behavior among injection drug users. J Urban Health. 87(4):534–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockwell R, Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Perlis TE, Paone D. 1999. Geographic proximity, policy and utilization of syringe exchange programmes. AIDS Care. 11(4):437–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryerson AB, Schillie S, Barker LK, Kupronis BA, Wester C. 2020. Vital Signs: newly reported acute and chronic hepatitis C cases ― United States, 2009–2018. MMWR Morb Mort Week Rep. 69(14):399–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Syvertsen JL, Pollini RA. 2020. Syringe access and health harms: characterizing “landscapes of antagonism” in California’s Central Valley. Int J Drug Policy. 75:102594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wurcel AG, Anderson JE, Chui KKH, Skinner S, Knox TA, Snydman DR, Stopka TJ. 2016. Increasing infectious endocarditis admissions among young people who inject drugs. Open Forum Infect Dis. 3(3):ofw157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaller ND, Yokell MA, Nayak SM, Fu JJ, Bazazi AR, Rich JD. 2012. Syringe acquisition experiences and attitudes among injection drug users undergoing short-term opioid detoxification in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. J Urban Health. 89(4):659–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotorzynska M, Weidle PJ, Paz-Bailey G, Broz D, NHBS Study Group. 2018. Factors associated with obtaining sterile syringes from pharmacies among persons who inject drugs in 20 US cities. Int J Drug Policy. 62:51–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar