The misnomer of substance use “stigma”: beneficial disapproval should not be conflated with mistreatment of users

References

• American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Task Force. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Blocker JS. 2006. Did prohibition really work? Alcohol prohibition as a public health innovation. Am J Public Health. 96(2):233–243. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.065409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister RF, André N. 2023. Failure of guilt, misguided free will, and the potential benefits of legitimate disapproval: the case for stigmatizing addiction. Addiction Res Theory. Online ahead of print. doi:10.1080/16066359.2023.2266370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigan PW. 2023. Stigma is never justified. Addiction Res Theory. Online ahead of print. doi:10.1080/16066359.2023.2245322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyman GH. 2023. Disapproving of destructive drug use should not be confused with stigmatizing drug addicts. Addiction Res Theory. Online ahead of print. doi:10.1080/16066359.2023.2254224.
   Google Scholar
• Kendler KS, Myers J, Prescott CA. 2007. Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for symptoms of cannabis, cocaine, alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 64(11):1313–1320. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.11.1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirisci L, Tarter R, Ridenour T, Reynolds M, Horner M, Vanyukov M. 2015. Externalizing behavior and emotion dysregulation are indicators of transmissible risk for substance use disorder. Addict Behav. 42:57–62. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger RF, Hicks BM, Patrick CJ, Carlson SR, Iacono WG, McGue M. 2002. Etiologic connections among substance dependence, antisocial behavior, and personality: modeling the externalizing spectrum. J Abnorm Psychol. 111(3):411–424. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.3.411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindell M. 2019. What are the odds? From crack addict to CEO. Lindell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Prince D, McGuiness K. 2018. Aiming high: how a prominent sports and celebrity agent hit bottom at the top. Los Angeles (CA): Light Hustler.
   Google Scholar
• Satel S. 2007. Chapter 19: In praise of stigma. In: Henningfield JE, Santora PB, Bickel WK, editors. Addiction treatment: science and policy for the twenty-first century. Baltimore (MD): The Johns Hopkins University Press; p. 147–151.
   Google Scholar
• Stephenson M, Aliev F, Sally I, Kuo C, Edwards AC, Pandey G, Su J, Kamarajan C, Dick D, Salvatore JE. 2022. The role of adolescent social relationships in promoting alcohol resistance: interrupting the intergenerational transmission of alcohol misuse. Dev Psychopathol. 34(5):1841–1855. doi:10.1017/s0954579422000785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanyukov M. 2021. An eternal epidemic: 1. Why substance use problems persist. PsyArXiv. doi:10.31234/osf.io/tkm5u.
   Google Scholar
• Vanyukov MM. 2023. Stigmata that are desired: contradictions in addiction. Addiction Res Theory. Online ahead of print. doi:10.1080/16066359.2023.2238603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanyukov MM, Maes HHM, Iacono WG, Kirisci L, Samek DR, Silberg JL, Zimmerman EB, Prom-Wormley EC. 2023. The concept of resistance to substance use and a research approach: the Resist! Project. Twin Res Hum Genet. 26(1):31–39. doi:10.1017/thg.2023.8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanyukov MM, Moss HB, Plail JA, Blackson T, Mezzich AC, Tarter RE. 1993. Antisocial symptoms in preadolescent boys and in their parents: associations with cortisol. Psychiatry Res. 46(1):9–17. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(93)90003-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanyukov MM, Moss HB, Tarter RE. 1994. Assortment for the liability to substance abuse and personality traits. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 708(1):102–107. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb24702.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vanyukov MM, Tarter RE. 2000. Genetic studies of substance abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend. 59(2):101–123. doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00109-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanyukov MM, Tarter RE. 2019. Chapter 4: Genetics and epigenetics of substance use. In: Sloboda Z, Petras H, Robertson EB, Hingson R, editors. Prevention of substance use. New York: Springer Publishers; p. 57–73.
   Google Scholar
• Vanyukov MM, Tarter RE, Conway KP, Kirillova GP, Chandler RK, Daley DC. 2016. Risk and resistance perspectives in translation-oriented etiology research. Transl Behav Med. 6(1):44–54. doi:10.1007/s13142-015-0355-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanyukov MM, Tarter RE, Kirillova GP, Kirisci L, Reynolds MD, Kreek MJ, Conway KP, Maher BS, Iacono WG, Bierut L, et al. 2012. Common liability to addiction and “gateway hypothesis”: theoretical, empirical and evolutionary perspective. Drug Alcohol Depend. 123 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S3–S17. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.018.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vrieze SI, Perlman G, Krueger RF, Iacono WG. 2012. Is the continuity of externalizing psychopathology the same in adolescents and middle-aged adults? A test of the externalizing spectrum’s developmental coherence. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 40(3):459–470. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9571-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. 2019. ICD-11 reference guide. World Health Organization. https://icd.who.int/icd11refguide/en/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Winick C. 1962. Maturing out of narcotic addiction. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; [updated 1962 Jan 1; accessed 2019 Aug 26]. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1962-01-01_1_page002.html
   Google Scholar