0
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Invited communication

Glucose: the worst of all evils?

Pages 50-54 | Published online: 31 May 2016

References

  • Reider J, Donihi A, Korytkowski MT. Practical implications of the revised guidelines for inpatient glycemic control. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej. 2009;119(12):801–8.
  • NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(13):1283–97.
  • Treggiari MM, Karir V, Yanez ND, Weiss NS, Daniel S, Deem SA. Intensive insulin therapy and mortality in critically ill patients. Critical Care. 2008;12:R29.
  • Eslami S, De Keizer NF, De Jonge E, Schultz MJ, Abu-Hanna A. A systematic review on quality indicators for tight glycaemic control in critically ill patients: need for an unambiguous indicator reference subset. Critical Care. 2008;12:R139.
  • Merz TM, Finfer S. Pro/con debate: Is intensive insulin therapy targeting tight blood glucose control of benefit in critically ill patients? Critical Care 2008; 12:(2)212.
  • Hirasawa H, Oda S, Nakamura M. Blood glucose control in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15(33):4132–6.
  • Chase G, Shaw G, Le Compte A, et al. Implementation and evaluation of the SPRINT protocol for tight glycaemic control in critically ill patients: a clinical practice change. Critical Care. 2008;12:R49.
  • Juneja R, Roudebush CP, Nasraway, SA, Golas, AA, Jacobi J, Carroll J,Nelson D, Abad VJ, Flanders SJ. Computerized intensive insulin dosing can mitigate hypoglycemia and achieve tight glycemic control when glucose measurement is performed frequently and on time. Critical Care. 2009;13:R163.
  • Griesdale DE, de Souza RJ, van Dam RM, Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Malhotra A, Dhaliwal R, Henderson WR, Chittock DR, Finfer S, Talmor D. Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data. CMAJ. 2009;180(8):821–7.
  • Yendamuri S, Fulda GJ, Tinkoff GH: Admission hyperglycemia as a prognostic indicator in trauma. J Trauma 2003;55:33–8.
  • Sung J, Bochicchio GV, Joshi M, Bochicchio K, Tracy K, Scalea TM: Admission hyperglycemia is predictive of outcome in critically ill trauma patients. J Trauma. 2005;59:80–3.
  • Gale SC, Sicoutris C, Reilly PM, Schwab CW, Gracias VH: Poor glycemic control is associated with increased mortality in critically ill trauma patients. Am Surg. 2007; 73:454–60.
  • Rovlias A, Kotsou S: The influence of hyperglycemia on neurological outcome in patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery. 2000;46:335–42.
  • Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Pathak P, Gerstein HC: Stress hyperglycemia and prognosis of stroke in nondiabetic and diabetic patients: a systematic overview. Stroke. 2001;32:2426–32.
  • Badjatia N, Topcuoglu MA, Buonanno FS, Smith EE, Nogueira RG, Rordorf GA, Carter BS, Ogilvy CS, Singhal AB: Relationship between hyperglycemia and symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 2005; 33:1603–9.
  • Bruno A, Levine SR, Frankel MR, Brott TG, Lin Y, Tilley BC, Lyden PD, Broderick JP, Kwiatkowski TG, Fineberg SE, NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study Group: Admission glucose level and clinical outcomes in the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial. Neurology 2002;59:669–74.
  • Gentile NT, Seftcheck M, Martin R: Blood glucose control after acute stroke: a retrospective study. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10:432.
  • Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Gerstein HC: Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic overview. Lancet. 2000;355:773–8.
  • Malmberg K, Norhammar A, Wedel H, Rydén L: Glycometabolic state at admission: important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction: long-term results from the Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) study. Circulation. 1999;99:2626–32.
  • Freire AX, Bridges L, Umpierrez GE, Kuhl D, Kitabchi AE: Admission hyperglycemia and other risk factors as predictors of hospital mortality in a medical ICU population. Chest. 2005;128:3109–16.
  • Whitcomb BW, Pradhan EK, Pittas AG, Roghmann MC, Perencevich EN: Impact of admission hyperglycemia on hospital mortality in various intensive care unit populations. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:2772–7.
  • Malmberg K, Rydén L, Efendic S, Herlitz J, Nicol P, Waldenström A, et al. Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:57–65.
  • Comi J. Glucose Control in the Intensive Care Unit: A Roller Coaster Ride or a Swinging Pendulum? Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:809–11.
  • Van den Berghe G, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D, Hermans G, Wilmer A, Bouillon R, Mesotten D. Clinical review: Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients: NICE-SUGAR or Leuven blood glucose target? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(9):3163–70.
  • Malmberg K, Ryden L, Wedel H, et al. Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality and morbidity. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:650–61,
  • Collier B, Dossett LA, May AK, Diaz JJ. Glucose Control and the Inflammatory Response. Nutr Clin Pract. 2008;23(1):3–15.
  • Van Den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, Verwaest C, Bruyninckx, F, Schetz M, Vlasselaers D, Ferdinande P, Lauwers P, Bouillon R: Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(19):1359–67.
  • Van den Berghe G,Wilmer A, Hermans G, Meersseman W,Wouters PJ, Milants I,Van Wijngaerden E, Bobbaers H, Bouillon R: Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(5):449–61.
  • Dellinger RP, Carlet J, Masur H, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30(4):536–55.
  • Dellinger RP, Levy M, Carlet J, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(1):17–60.
  • Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F, Meier-Hellmann A, Ragaller M, Weiler N, Moerer O, Gruendling M, Oppert M, Grond S, Olthoff D, Jaschinski U, John S, Rossaint R, Welte T, Schaefer M, Kern P, Kuhnt E, Kiehntopf M, Hartog C, Natanson C, Loeffler M, Reinhart K, German Competence Network Sepsis (SepNet): Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358(2):125–39.
  • De La Rosa G, Donado JH, Restrepo AH, et al. Strict glycaemic control in patients hospitalised in a mixed medical and surgical intensive care unit: a randomised clinical trial. Critical Care. 2008;12:R120.
  • Wiener RS; Wiener DC; Larson RJ. Benefits and Risks of Tight Glucose Control in Critically Ill Adults: A Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300(8):933–44.
  • Devos P, Preiser J, Melot C. Impact of tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy on ICU mortality and the rate of hypoglycaemia: final results of the glucontrol study [European Society of Intensive Care Medicine 20th Annual Congress abstract 0735]. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33(suppl 2):S189.
  • Preiser JC, Devos P. Clinical experience with tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(9) Suppl):S503–7.
  • Egi M, Bellomo R, Stachowski E, French CJ, Hart G, Stow P, Li W, Bates S: Intensive insulin therapy in postoperative intensive care unit patients: a decision analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:407–13.
  • Inzucchi SE, Siegel MD. Glucose control in the ICU—how tight is too tight? [Editorial]. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1346–9.
  • Fahy BG, Sheehy AM, Coursin DB. Glucose control in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(5):1769–76.
  • Krinsley JS, Jones RL: Cost analysis of intensive glycemic control in critically ill adult patients. Chest. 2006;129:644–50.
  • Honiden H, Schultz A, Im SA, Nierman DM, Gong MN. Early versus late insulin administration in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(5):881–7.
  • Deng H, Chai. The effects and mechanisms of insulin on systemic inflammatory response and immune cells in severe trauma, burn injury, and sepsis. International Immunopharmacology. 2009;9:1251–9.
  • Ferrando AA, Chinkes DL, Wolf SE, Matin S, Herndon DN, Wolfe RR. A Submaximal Dose of Insulin Promotes Net Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis in Patients With Severe Burns. Annals of Surgery. 229(1):11–18.
  • Wade CE. Hyperglycemia may alter cytokine production and phagocytosis by means other than hyperosmotic stress. Crit Care. 2008;12:182.
  • Vanhorebeek I, De Vos R, Mesotten D, Wouters PJ, De Wolf-Peeters C, Van den Berghe G. Protection of hepatocyte mitochondrial ultrastructure and function by strict blood glucose control with insulin in critically ill patients. Lancet. 2005;365:53–9.
  • Hermans G, Wilmer A, Meersseman W, Milants I, Wouters PJ, Bobbaers H, Bruyninckx F, Van den Berghe G. Impact of intensive insulin therapy on neuromuscular omplications and ventilator dependency in the medical intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175:480–9.
  • Hermans G, De Jonghe B, Bruyninckx F, Van den Berghe G. Interventions for preventing critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009.
  • Dugo L, Collin M, Allen DA, Murch O, Foster SJ, Yaqoob MM, Thiemermann C. Insulin reduces the multiple organ injury and dysfunction caused by coadministration of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan independently of blood glucose: role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibition. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:1489–96.
  • Bopp C, Bierhaus A, Hofer S, Bouchon A, Nawroth PP, Martin E, Weigand MA. Bench-to-bedside review: The inflammation-perpetuating pattern-recognition receptor RAGE as a therapeutic target in sepsis. Crit Care. 2008;12:201.
  • Jeschke MG, Einspanier R, Klein D, Jauch K-W. Insulin Attenuates the Systemic Inflammatory Response to Thermal Trauma. Molecular Medicine. 2002;8(8):443–50.
  • Jeschke MG, Klein D, Herndon DN. Insulin treatment improves the systemic inflammatory reaction to severe trauma. Ann Surg. 2004. 239:553–60.
  • Van den Berghe G, Wouters PJ, Bouillon R, et al. Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill: insulin dose versus glycemic control. Crit Care Med. 2003. 31:359–366.
  • Clayton SB, Mazur JE, Condren S, et al. Evaluation of an intensive insulin protocol for septic patients in a medical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2006. 34:2974–2978.
  • Shearer A, Boehmer M, Closs M, Dela Rosa R, Hamilton J, Horton K, McGrath R, Schulman C. Comparison of glucose point-of-care values with laboratory values in critically ill patients. Am J Crit Care. 2009. 18(3):224–30.
  • Vlasselaers D, Van Herpe T, Milants I, Eerdekens M, Wouters PJ, De Moor B, Van den Berghe G 2008 Blood Glucose Measurements in Arterial Blood of Intensive Care Unit Patients Submitted to Tight Glycemic Control: Agreement between Bedside Tests. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2:932–938.
  • Pidcoke HF, Wade CE, Mann EA, Salinas J, Cohee BM, Holcomb JB, Wolf SE. Anemia causes hypoglycemia in intensive care unit patients due to error in single-channel glucometers: Methods of reducing patient risk. Crit Care Med. 2009. Sep 28.
  • Scott MG, Bruns DE, Boyd JC, Sacks DB. Tight glucose control in the intensive care unit: are glucose meters up to the task? Clin Chem. 2009;55:;18–20.
  • ADA. Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2010. 2010. Diabetes Care. 22(suupl 1):S11–S61.
  • Martindale RG, McClave SA, Vanek VW, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Crit Care Med. 2009.37(5).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.