Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) performance versus weight for height in South African children (0–59 months) with acute malnutrition

References

• Zhou H, Wang XL, Ye F, et al. Relationship between child feeding practices and malnutrition in 7 remote and poor counties, PR China . Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012;21(2):234–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vakili R, Moghadam ZE, Khademi G, et al. Child mortality at different world regions: a comparison review. Int J Pediatr. 2015;3(20):809–16.
   Google Scholar
• Walton E, Allen S. Malnutrition in developing countries. Pediatr Child Health. 2011;21(9):418–24.10.1016/j.paed.2011.04.004
   Google Scholar
• Cogill B. Anthropometric Indicators measurement guide [Internet]. 2003. [ cited 2016 March 20]. Available from: http://www.fantaproject.org.
   Google Scholar
• Nikiema L, Huybregts L, Kolsteren P, et al. Treating moderate acute malnutrition in first-line health services: an effectiveness cluster-randomized trial in Burkina Faso. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100:241–9.10.3945/ajcn.113.072538
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laillou A, Prak S, de Groot R, et al. Optimal screening of children with acute malnutrition requires a change in current WHO guidelines as MUAC and WHZ identify different patient groups. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(7):e101159.10.1371/journal.pone.0101159
   Google Scholar
• Mogendi JB, De Steur H, Gellynck X, et al. Efficacy of mid-upper arm circumference in identification, follow-up and discharge of malnourished children during nutrition rehabilitation. Nutr Res Pr. 2015;9(3):268–77.10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale NM, Myatt M, Prudhon C, et al. Using mid-upper arm circumference to end treatment of severe acute malnutrition leads to higher weight gains in the most malnourished children. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e55404.10.1371/journal.pone.0055404
   Google Scholar
• Goossens S, Bekele Y, Yun O, et al. Mid-upper arm circumference based nutrition programming: evidence for a new approach in regions with high burden of acute malnutrition. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(11):e49320.10.1371/journal.pone.0049320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cichon B. MUAC versus weight-for-height debate in the Philippines. [Internet]. 2012. [cited 2016 March 20]. Available from: http://fex.ennonline.net/42/muac.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). Updates on the management of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children. Geneva: WHO; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Wierzba TF, El-Yazeed RA, Savarino SJ, et al. The interrelationship of malnutrition and diarrhea in a periurban area outside Alexandria, Egypt. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001;32:189–96.10.1097/00005176-200102000-00018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nel ED. Diarrhoea and malnutrition. South Afr J Clin Nutr. 2010;23:S15–8.10.1080/16070658.2010.11734262
   Google Scholar
• Olimen P, Onyaye E. Nutritional assessment of children aged twelve to fifty-nine months with diarrhoea using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). BMJ. 2013;4:1315–26.
   Google Scholar
• Talbert A, Thuo N, Karisa, et al. Diarrhoea complicating severe acute malnutrition in Kenyan children: a prospective descriptive study of risk factors and outcome. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e38321.10.1371/journal.pone.0038321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwangome MK, Fegan G, Prentice AM, et al. Are diagnostic criteria for acute malnutrition affected by hydration status in hospitalized children? A repeated measures study Nutr J. 2011;10:243.10.1186/1475-2891-10-92
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Save the Children. Emergency health and nutrition. Save the children [Internet]. 2014. [cited 2016 August 30]. Available from: http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.6206891/k.306B/EmergencyHealthandNutrition.html
   Google Scholar
• Lopriore C, Dop MC, Solal-Celigny A, et al. Excluding infants under 6 months of age from surveys: impact on prevalence of pre-school undernutrition. Public Health Nutr. 2007;10:79–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Department of Health (NDoH). Training modules for growth monitoring, counseling and promotion: the road to health. Department of Health, Pretoria; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). WHO multicentre growth reference study group. WHO child growth standards: length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: methods and development [Internet]. 2006. [cited 2016 March 20]. Available from: http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/technical_report/en/
   Google Scholar
• Saeed HA. Test characteristics of MUAC [dissertation]. University of Gent, The Netherlands; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Massyn N, Peer N, Padarath A, et al. District health barometer 2014/15 [Internet]. Durban: Health Systems Trust. 2016 [cited 2016 March 20]. Available from: http://www.hst.org.za/publications/district-health-barometer-201415-1
   Google Scholar
• Modi P, Nasrin S, Hawes M, et al. Midupper arm circumference outperforms weight-based measures of nutritional status in children with diarrhea. J Nutr. 2015;145(7):1582–7. doi:10.3945/jn.114.209718.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra M. Risk factors for undernutrition of young children in a rural area of South Africa. Public Health Nutr. 2003;6(7):645–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smuts CM, Faber M, Schoeman SE, et al. Socio-demographic profiles and anthropometric status of 0- to 71-month-old children and their caregivers in rural districts of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa. S Afr J Clin Nutr. 2008;21(3):117–24.10.1080/16070658.2008.11734164
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health (DoH). Guidelines on the integrated management of acute malnutrition (IMAM) in KwaZulu-Natal [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2016 March 20]. Available from: http://www.kznhealth.gov.za/family/MCWH/KZN-IMAM-Guidelines.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Myatt M, Duffield I. 2007. [Internet]. A review of survey data collected between September 1992 and October 2006. [cited 2016 August 30]. Available from: http://tng.brixtonhealth.com/sites/default/files/IASC.MUAC_.WFH_.Presentation.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mwangome MK, Berkley JA. The reliability of weight-for-length/height Z scores in children. Matern Child Nutr. 2014;10:474–80.10.1111/mcn.2014.10.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young H, & Jaspers S. Review of nutrition and mortality indicators for the integrated food security phase classification (IPC) [Internet]. SCN Task Force on Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation, and The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Global Partners; 2009. [cited 2016 August 30]. Available from: http://www.odi.org/publications/4616-nutrition-mortality-indicators-integrated-food-security-phase-classification-ipc
   Google Scholar
• Bern C, Nathanail L. Is mid-upper-arm circumference a useful tool for screening in emergency settings? Lancet. 1995;345:631–33.10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90527-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar