The effect of consumption of soy foods on metabolic syndrome in women: a case study from peri-urban Qwa-Qwa, South Africa

References

• World Health Organization (WHO) . South Africa country profile; 2017. Available from: http://www.who.int/nmh/countries/zaf_en.pdf?ua=1.
   Google Scholar
• Cicero AF , Colletti A . Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome. Phytomedicine. 2016;23(11): 1134–44.10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albornoz Lopez R , Perez Rodrigo I . Nutrición y síndrome metabólico. Nutr clín diet hosp. 2012;32(3): 92–7.
   Google Scholar
• Appelhans BM , Baylin A , Huang MH , et al . Beverage Intake and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Over 14 Years: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017;117(4): 554–62.10.1016/j.jand.2016.10.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM , Cleeman JI , Daniels SR , et al . Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. Circulation. 2005;112(17): 2735–52.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangano KM , Hutchins-Wiese HL , Kenny AM , et al . Soy proteins and isoflavones reduce interleukin-6 but not serum lipids in older women: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res. 2013;33(12): 1026–33.10.1016/j.nutres.2013.08.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh BP , Vij S , Hati S . Functional significance of bioactive peptides derived from soybean. Peptides. 2014;54: 171–9.10.1016/j.peptides.2014.01.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanri A , Mizoue T , Takahashi Y , et al . Soy product and isoflavone intakes are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in overweight Japanese women. J Nutr. 2010;140(3):580–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon DY , Daily JW , Kim HJ , et al . Antidiabetic effects of fermented soybean products on type 2 diabetes. Nut Res. 2010;30(1): 1–13.10.1016/j.nutres.2009.11.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welty FK , Lee KS , Lew NS , et al . Effect of soy nuts on blood pressure and lipid levels in hypertensive, prehypertensive, and normotensive postmenopausal women. Arch Iran Med. 2007;167(10): 1060–67.
   Google Scholar
• Park E , Shin JI , Park OJ , et al . Soy isoflavone supplementation alleviates oxidative stress and impro ves systolic blood pressure in male spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2005;51(4): 254–9.10.3177/jnsv.51.254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acharjee S , Zhou JR , Elajami TK , et al . Effect of soy nuts and equol status on blood pressure, lipids and inflammation in postmenopausal women stratified by metabolic syndrome status. Metabolism. 2015;64(2): 236–43.10.1016/j.metabol.2014.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldewage-Theron W , Egal AA . Impact of a soy nutrition education programme on knowledge in a low-income community in Qwa-Qwa. Int J Consum Stud. 2012;36(4): 480–5.10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01064.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLDEWAGE-THERON W , EGAL A . The effect of consumption of soy foods on the blood lipid profile of women: a pilot study from Qwa-Qwa. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2013;59(5): 431–6.10.3177/jnsv.59.431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldewage-Theron WH , Duvenage SS , Egal AA . Situation analysis as indicator of food security in low-income rural communities. J Consum Sci. 2012;40:38–58.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson RS . Principles of nutritional assessment. 2nd ed. New York, NY : Oxford University Press; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Warnick GR , Knopp RH , Fitzpatrick V , et al . Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints. Clin Chem. 1990;36(1): 15–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine (IoM) . Dietary reference intakes. food and nutrition board . Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Grundy SM , Cleeman JI , Daniels SR , et al . Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. Circulation. 2005;112(17): 2735–52.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) . Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. Report of an expert consultation. Geneva Switzerland: FAO, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Okafor CI . The metabolic syndrome in Africa: Current trends. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(1): 56–66.10.4103/2230-8210.91191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kruger MJ , Nell TA . The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a farm worker community in the Boland district, South Africa. BMC Publ Health. 2017;17(1): 2390.10.1186/s12889-016-3973-1
   Google Scholar
• Ruscica M , Pavanello C , Gandini S , et al . Effect of soy on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016;1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Borodin EA , Menshikova IG , Dorovskikh VA , et al . Effects of two-month consumption of 30 ga day of soy protein isolate or skimmed curd protein on blood lipid concentration in Russian adults with hyperlipidemia. J Nutr Sci Vitaminology. 2009;55(6): 492–7.10.3177/jnsv.55.492
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peer N , Steyn K , Levitt N . Differential obesity indices identify the metabolic syndrome in black men and women in Cape Town: the CRIBSA study. J Public Health. 2015;38(1): 175–82.
   Google Scholar
• Shisana O , Labadarios D , Rehle T , et al. The South African national health and nutrition examination survey, 2012: SANHANES-1: the health and nutritional status of the nation. Cape Town HSRC press, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang XM , Zhang YB , Chi MH . Soy protein supplementation reduces clinical indices in Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Yonsei Med J. 2016;57(3): 681–9.10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.681
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azadbakht L , Kimiagar M , Mehrabi Y , et al . Soy inclusion in the diet improves features of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover study in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(3): 735–741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermansen K , Sondergaard M , Hoie L , et al . Beneficial effects of a soy-based dietary supplement on lipid levels and cardiovascular risk markers in type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(2): 228–33.10.2337/diacare.24.2.228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu ZM , Chen YM , Ho SC . Effects of soy intake on glycemic control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J of Clin Nutr. 2011;93(5): 1092–101.10.3945/ajcn.110.007187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riccardi G , Rivellese AA . Dietary treatment of the metabolic syndrome—the optimal diet. Br J Nutr. 2000;83(S1): S143–8.
   Google Scholar
• Blair RM , Henley EC , Tabor A . Soy foods have low glycemic and insulin response indices in normal weight subjects. Nutr J. 2006;5(1): 362.10.1186/1475-2891-5-35
   Google Scholar
• Mozaffarian D , Appel LJ , Van Horn L . Components of a cardioprotective diet. Circulation. 2011;123(24): 2870–91.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.968735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalvon-Demersay T , Azzout-Marniche D , Arfsten J , et al . A systematic review of the effects of plant compared with animal protein sources on features of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr. 2017;147(3): 281–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar