Examining the effectiveness of the primary education curriculum in terms of leisure education: an overview of learning outcomes in the Turkish public education system

References

• Adams, K. B., Leibbrandt, S., & Moon, H. (2011). A critical review of the literature on social and leisure activity and wellbeing in later life. Ageing and Society, 31(4), 683–712. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X10001091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argan, M., Argan, M. T., & Dursun, M. T. (2018). Examining relationships among well-being, leisure satisfaction, life satisfaction, and happiness. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 7(4), 49–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arslan, S. (2010). The opinions of the adult city people on the impact of the municipalities on the presentation of leisure education and recreation activities and the quality of life [Doctoral dissertation, Ankara University]. Ankara University Theses and Dissertations Archive. https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12575/80680
   Google Scholar
• Auld, C. J., & Case, A. J. (1997). Social exchange processes in leisure and non-leisure settings: A review and exploratory investigation. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(2), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1997.11949793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bal, H. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemi [qualitative research method]. Faculty Bookstore.
   Google Scholar
• Besa, H., & Ramadani, R. T. (2015). Leisure time for secondary school students. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education, 3(1), 51–55. https://doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2015-3-1-51-55
   Google Scholar
• Bjornavold, J. (2000). Making learning visible: Identification, assessment and recognition of non-formal learning in Europe. Bernan Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Brightbill, C. K. (1966). Educating for leisure-centered living. The Stackpole Company.
   Google Scholar
• Bullock, C. C., & Howe, C. Z. (1991). A model therapeutic recreation program for the reintegration of persons with disabilities into the community. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 25(1), 7–17.
   Google Scholar
• Caldwell, L. L., Baldwin, C. K., Walls, T., & Smith, E. (2004). Preliminary effects of a leisure education program to promote healthy use of free time among middle school adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(3), 310–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2004.11950026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, L. C. (2014). Leisure education reduces stress among older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 18(6), 754–758. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2013.878306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen-Gewerc, E. (2012). Why leisure education? The Hillel Ruskin Memorial scholar lecture, 2010. World Leisure Journal, 54(1), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2012.668046
   Google Scholar
• Colardyn, D., & Bjornavold, J. (2004). Validation of formal, non-formal and informal learning: Policy and practices in EU member states. European Journal of Education, 39(1), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-8211.2004.00167.x
   Google Scholar
• Coleman, D. (1993). Leisure based social support, leisure dispositions and health. Journal of Leisure Research, 25(4), 350–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1993.11969933
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford, D. W., Jackson, E. L., & Godbey, G. (1991). A hierarchical model of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 13(4), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409109513147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datillo, J., & Murphy, W. (2008). Leisure education program planning: A systematic approach. State College.
   Google Scholar
• Dattilo, J. (2015). Positive psychology and leisure education: A balanced and systematic service delivery model. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 49(2), 148–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dattilo, J. (2021). Creating a path to inclusion: Educating practitioners to provide inclusive leisure services. Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure, 44(2), 182–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2021.1935413
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dattilo, J., Williams, R., & Cory, L. (2003). Effects of computerized leisure education on knowledge of social skills of youth with intellectual disabilities. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 37(2), 142–155.
   Google Scholar
• Deniz, K., Tarakcı, R., & Karagol, E. (2019). Okuma kazanımları açısından ortaokul Türkçe ders kitapları [Secondary school Turkish textbooks in terms of reading achievements]. Journal of Mother Tongue Education, 7(3), 688–708.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn, N. J., & Wilhite, B. (1997). The effects of a leisure education program on leisure participation and psychosocial well-being of two older women who are home-centered. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 31(1), 53–71.
   Google Scholar
• Edginton, C. R., Hudson, S., Dieser, R. B., & Edginton, S. R. (2004). Leisure programming: A service-centered and benefits approach. McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Finn, C. E. (1989). The campus: An island of repression in a sea of freedom. Commentary, 88(3), 17–23.
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher, A. C., Nickerson, P., & Wright, K. L. (2003). Structured leisure activities in middle childhood: Links to well-being. Journal of Community Psychology, 31(6), 641–659. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.10075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guven, E., & Hamalosmanoglu, M. (2012). İlköğretim 4. sınıf fen ve teknoloji ders kitabındaki çevre içerikli etkinliklerin disiplinler arası yaklaşım yönünden incelenmesi [Evaluation of the environmental activities in science and technology textbook of elementary school fourth grade in terms of an interdisciplinary approach]. Journal of European Education, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.18656/jee.69741
   Google Scholar
• Haglund, B., & Anderson, S. (2009). Afterschool programs and leisure-time centres: Arenas for learning and leisure. World Leisure Journal, 51(2), 116–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2009.9674594
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, K. A. (2007). Quality of life and leisure education: Implications for tourism economies. World Leisure Journal, 49(2), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2007.9674489
   Google Scholar
• Hoge, G., Dattilo, J., & Williams, R. (1999). Effects of leisure education on perceived freedom in leisure of adolescents with mental retardation. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 33(4), 320–332.
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola, S. E., & Weissinger, E. (1990). Perceptions of boredom in leisure: Conceptualization, reliability and validity of the leisure boredom scale. Journal of Leisure Research, 22(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1990.11969811
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki, Y. (2007). Leisure and quality of life in an international and multicultural context: What are major pathways linking leisure to quality of life? Social Indicators Research, 82(2), 233–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9032-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaya, H. E. (2015). Public education centers in Turkey1. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 3(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS289
   Google Scholar
• Kleiber, D. A. (2012). Taking leisure seriously: New and older considerations about leisure education. World Leisure Journal, 54(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2012.668278
   Google Scholar
• Kocak, A., & Arun, O. (2006). İçerik Analizi Çalışmalarında Örneklem Sorunu [The sampling problem in content analysis studies]. Journal of Selcuk Communication, 4(3), 21–28.
   Google Scholar
• Kuykendall, L., Tay, L., & Ng, V. (2015). Leisure engagement and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 141(2), 364–403. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037a0038508 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lago, L., & Elvstrand, H. (2019). Pupils’ everyday transitions in school as a condition for social relations and activities in leisure time centres. Early Years, 39(2), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2017.1371675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitner, M. J., & Leitner, S. F. (2004). Leisure enhancement (3rd ed). Routledge/Taylor Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Leitner, M. J., & Leitner, S. F. (2012). Leisure enhancement (4th ed). Sagamore Publishing LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Lien, M., & Goldenberg, M. (2012). Outcomes of a college wilderness orientation program. Journal of Experiential Education, 35(1), 253–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/105382591203500104
   Google Scholar
• Mahon, M. J., Bullock, C. C., Luken, K., & Martens, C. (1996). Leisure education for persons with severe and persistent mental illness: Is it a socially valid process? Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 30(3), 197–212.
   Google Scholar
• Mahon, M. J., & Martens, C. (1996). Planning for the future: The impact of leisure education on adults with developmental disabilities in supported employment settings. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 21(4), 283–312.
   Google Scholar
• Mannell, R. C., & Stynes, D. J. (1991). A retrospective: The benefits of leisure. In B. L. Driver, B. J. Perry, & L. G. Peterson (Eds.), Benefits of leisure (pp. 461–473). Venture.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research (5th ed). Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, N. P., & Robinson, D. M. (1963). The leisure age: Its challenge to recreation. Wadsworth Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education. (n.d.). Curriculum monitoring and evaluation system. http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Programlar.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Muftuler, M. (2019). Serbest zaman eğitiminin beden eğitimi ve spor/oyun dersi öğretim programlarındaki yeri [The place of leisure education in physical education and sports / game lesson curriculums]. In B. Gurbuz (Ed.), 2nd International Congress on Recreation and Sport Management (pp. 103–104. https://docplayer.biz.tr/136610782-2-uluslararasi-rekreasyon-ve-spor-yonetimi-kongresi.html
   Google Scholar
• Mundy, J. (1998). Leisure education: Theory and practice (2nd ed). Sagamore.
   Google Scholar
• Mundy, J., & Odum, L. (1979). Leisure education: Theory and practice. John Wiley&Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Munusturlar, S. (2014). The effect of leisure education on self esteem and well being [Doctoral dissertation, Anadolu University]. Anadolu University Theses and Dissertations Archive. http://libra.anadolu.edu.tr/tezler/2014/382350.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Munusturlar, S. (2016). Boş zaman ve rekreasyon kavramı [Recreation management leisure and recreation concept]. In M. Akyıldız Munusturlar (Ed.), Rekreasyon yönetimi (pp. 2–26). Anadolu University Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Munusturlar, S., & Bayrak, C. (2017). Developing the leisure education scale. World Leisure Journal, 59(4), 306–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2016.1251489
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Official Gazette. (1973). Milli egitim temel kanunu [National education basic law]. Vol. 1739. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14574.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Official Gazette. (2012). İlkögretim ve egitim kanunu ile bazı kanunlarda degisiklik yapılmasına dair kanun [Primary education and education law and the law on making changes in some laws]. Vol. 6287. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/04/20120411-8.htm
   Google Scholar
• Oncescu, J. (2021). Addressing the funding gaps in recreation access provisions: The role of leisure education. Managing Sport and Leisure, 26(4), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1761866
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ormshaw, M. J., Kokko, S. P., Villberg, J., & Kannas, L. (2016). The desired learning outcomes of school-based nutrition/physical activity health education: A health literacy constructed Delphi survey of Finnish experts. Health Education, 116(4), 372–394. https://doi.org/10.1108/HE-12-2014-0097
   Google Scholar
• Ozdemi̇r, M., & Hati̇poglu, T. (2019). 2006, 2015 ve 2018 Turkce ögretim programlarının fantastik ögeler acısından incelenmesi [Examination of 2006, 2015 and 2018 Turkish teaching programs in terms of fantastic elements]. International Journal of Childirens Literature and Education Researches, 3(1), 37–46.
   Google Scholar
• Pesavento, L. C., & Ashton, C. (2012). Leisure education in the schools. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 83(1), 50–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2012.10598712
   Google Scholar
• Pike, P. D. (2001). Leisure piano lessons: A case study of lifelong learning. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. http://search.proquest.com/docview/304716668?accountid = 13654
   Google Scholar
• Prasad, B. D. (2008). Content analysis: A method in social science research. In L. Das, & V. Bhaskaran (Eds.), Research methods for social work (pp. 174–193). Rawat Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, A. (2007). Non-formal education: Flexible schooling or participatory education? Vol. 15. Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Ruskin, H. (1988). Conceptual approaches in policy development in leisure education. World Leisure & Recreation, 30(3-4), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10261133.1988.10559039
   Google Scholar
• Ruskin, H., Cohen-Gewerc, E., Robertson, B. J., Sivan, A., & Spector, C. (2002). Leisure education in school systems: Curricula, strategies, training human resources. Cosell Center for Physical Education, Leisure and Health Promotion, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Sallis, J. F., & McKenzie, T. L. (1991). Physical education's role in public health. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62(2), 124–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1991.10608701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Pedro Veledo, M. B., López Manrique, I., Fombella Coto, I., del Cura González, Y., Sánchez Martínez, B., & Álvarez González, A. I. (2018). Social sciences, art and physical activity in leisure environments. An inter-disciplinary project for teacher training. Sustainability, 10(6), Article 1786. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061786
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivan, A. (2007). Educating for leisure. In E. Cohen-Gewerc, & R. A. Stebbins (Eds.), The pivotal role of leisure education: Finding personal fulfillment in this century (pp. 1–172). Ventura.
   Google Scholar
• Sivan, A. (2008). Leisure education in educational settings: From instruction to inspiration. Loisir Et Société/Society and Leisure, 31(1), 49–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2008.10707769
   Google Scholar
• Sivan, A. (2014). Leisure education and the role of schools: Planning and implementation in times of change. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 20(4), 1524–1536. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC166257
   Google Scholar
• Sivan, A. (2017). Leisure education in schools: Challenges, choices and consequences. World Leisure Journal, 59(sup1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2017.1393871
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivan, A., & Ruskin, H. (Eds.). (2000). Leisure education, community development, and populations with special needs. CABI.
   Google Scholar
• Sivan, A., & Stebbins, R. A. (2011). Leisure education: Definition, aims, advocacy, and practices – are we talking about the same thing (s)? World Leisure Journal, 53(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2011.552216
   Google Scholar
• Smith, O., & Raymen, T. (2018). Deviant leisure: A criminological perspective. Theoretical Criminology, 22(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480616660188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, B. (2010). China's leisure education: Problem, analysis, and solutions—a case study of college students in Hangzhou. Journal of Contemporary China, 19(66), 719–733. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2010.485406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzer, M. (2000). Üniversite öğrencilerinin boş zamanlarini değerlendirme alişkanliklari [The habits of university students to spend their leisure]. Pamukkale University Journal of Education, 8(8), 123–133.
   Google Scholar
• Tezcan, M. (1985). Eğitim sosyolojisi [Educational sociology]. Ankara University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, W. C., Wu, C. Y., Wu, C. C., & Huan, T. C. (2012). Exploring the relationships between free-time management and boredom in leisure. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 416–426. https://doi.org/10.2466/13.17.PR0.110.2.416-426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, S., Kmiecik, K., & Harvey, W. (2020). Community connections: Leisure education through afterschool programming. Leisure/Loisir, 44(3), 421–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2020.1780935
   Google Scholar
• Williams, R., & Dattilo, J. (1997). Effects of leisure education on self-determination, social interaction, and positive affect of young adults with mental retardation. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 31(4), 244–258.
   Google Scholar
• World Leisure and Recreation Association International Position Statement on Leisure Education and Youth at Risk. (2001). Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 23(3), 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/014904001316896882
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar