1,819
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
North America

Perfectionism, pre-competitive worry, and optimism in high-performance youth athletes

, ORCID Icon, &
Pages 749-763 | Received 28 Jun 2018, Accepted 29 Dec 2018, Published online: 16 Feb 2019

References

  • Blatt, S. J. (1995). The destructiveness of perfectionism: Implications for the treatment of depression. American Psychologist, 50, 1003–1020. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.50.12.1003
  • Cheng, W. N. K., & Hardy, L. (2016). Three-dimensional model of performance anxiety: Tests of the adaptive potential of the regulatory dimension of anxiety. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 255–263. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.07.006
  • Crocker, P. R. E., Gaudreau, P., Mosewich, A. D., & Kljajic, K. (2014). Perfectionism and the stress process in intercollegiate athletes: Examining the 2×2 model of perfectionism in competitive sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 45, 325–348.
  • deBeaudrap, H., Dunn, J. G. H., & Holt, N. L. (2017). Female varsity athletes’ perceptions of how they became optimistic in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 31, 30–41. doi: 10.1123/tsp.2015-0132
  • Dunn, J. G. H. (1999). A theoretical framework for structuring the content of competitive worry in ice hockey. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 21, 259–279. doi: 10.1123/jsep.21.3.259
  • Dunn, J. G. H., Bouffard, M., & Rogers, W. T. (1999). Assessing item content-relevance in sport psychology scale-construction research: Issues and recommendations. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 3, 15–36. doi: 10.1207/s15327841mpee0301_2
  • Dunn, J. G. H., & Causgrove Dunn, J. (2001). Relationships among the Sport Competition Anxiety Test, the Sport Anxiety Scale, and the Collegiate Hockey Worry Scale. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 411–429. doi: 10.1080/104132001753226274
  • Dunn, J. G. H., Causgrove Dunn, J., Gamache, V., & Holt, N. L. (2014). A person-oriented examination of perfectionism and slump-related coping in female intercollegiate volleyball players. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 45, 298–324.
  • Dunn, J. G. H., Causgrove Dunn, J. L., & Syrotuik, D. G. (2002). Relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and goal orientations in sport. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 24, 376–395. doi: 10.1123/jsep.24.4.376
  • Dunn, J. G. H., Gotwals, J. K., Causgrove Dunn, J., Selzler, A.-M., Lizmore, M. R., Vaartstra, M., … Gamache, V. E. (2016). A multi-sample investigation of the higher-order latent dimensionality of the Sport-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 27, 150–156. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2016.08.006
  • Dunn, J. G. H., & Syrotuik, D. G. (2003). An investigation of multidimensional worry dispositions in a high contact sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4, 265–282. doi: 10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00005-5
  • Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Nepon, T., & Besser, A. (2018). Perfectionism cognition theory. In J. Stoeber (Ed.), The psychology of perfectionism: Theory, research, applications (pp. 89–110). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Fogarty, G. J., Perera, H. N., Furst, A. J., & Thomas, P. R. (2016). Evaluating measures of optimism and sport confidence. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 20, 81–92. doi: 10.1080/1091367X.2015.1111220
  • Frost, R. O., & Henderson, K. J. (1991). Perfectionism and reactions to athletic competition. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 13, 323–335. doi: 10.1123/jsep.13.4.323
  • Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449–468. doi: 10.1007/BF01172967
  • Gotwals, J. K. (2016). The tripartite model of perfectionism: Evidence from research in sport and dance. In A. P. Hill (Ed.), Perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise (pp. 150–173). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Gotwals, J. K., & Dunn, J. G. H. (2009). A multi-method multi-analytic approach to establishing internal construct validity evidence: The Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale 2. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 13, 71–92. doi: 10.1080/10913670902812663
  • Gotwals, J. K., Dunn, J. G. H., Causgrove Dunn, J. L., & Gamache, V. (2010). Establishing validity evidence for the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2 in intercollegiate sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11, 423–432. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.04.013
  • Gotwals, J. K., & Spencer-Cavaliere, N. (2014). Intercollegiate perfectionistic athletes’ perspectives on achievement: Contributions to the understanding and assessment of perfectionism in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 45, 271–297.
  • Gotwals, J. K., Stoeber, J., Dunn, J. G. H., & Stoll, O. (2012). Are perfectionistic strivings in sport adaptive? A systematic review of confirmatory, contradictory, and mixed evidence. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 53, 263–279. doi: 10.1037/a0030288
  • Graham, J. W., Cumsille, P. E., & Elek-Fisk, E. (2003). Methods for handling missing data. In I. B. Weiner (Series Ed.), J.A. Schinka & W.F. Velicer (Vol. Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Vol. 2. Research methods in psychology (pp. 87–114). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Gucciardi, D. F., Mahoney, J., Jalleh, G., Donovan, R. J., & Parkes, J. (2012). Perfectionism profiles among elite athletes and differences in their motivational orientations. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 34, 159–183. doi: 10.1123/jsep.34.2.159
  • Guillén, F., & Laborde, S. (2014). Higher-order structure of mental toughness and the analysis of latent mean differences between athletes from 34 disciplines and non-athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 60, 30–35. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.019
  • Gustafsson, H., & Skoog, T. (2012). The mediational role of perceived stress in the relation between optimism and burnout in competitive athletes. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 25, 183–199. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2011.594045
  • Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Hall, H. K., Kerr, A. W., & Matthews, J. (1998). Precompetitive anxiety in sport: The contribution of achievement goals and perfectionism. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 20, 194–217. doi: 10.1123/jsep.20.2.194
  • Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology (Savannah, Ga), 15, 27–33.
  • Hill, A. P. (2016). The psychology of perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Jowett, G. E., Mallinson, S. H., & Hill, A. P. (2016). An independent effects approach to perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise. In A. P. Hill (Ed.), The psychology of perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise (pp. 85–149). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Koivula, N., Hassmén, P., & Fallby, J. (2002). Self-esteem and perfectionism in elite athletes: Effects on competitive anxiety and self-confidence. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 865–875. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00092-7
  • Lizmore, M. R., Dunn, J. G. H., & Causgrove Dunn, J. (2016). Reactions to mistakes as a function of perfectionism and situation criticality in curling. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 47, 81–101.
  • Lizmore, M. R., Dunn, J. G. H., & Causgrove Dunn, J. (2017). Perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and reactions to poor personal performances among intercollegiate athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 33, 75–84. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.07.010
  • Machida, M., Ward, R. M., & Vealey, R. S. (2012). Predictors of sources of self-confidence in collegiate athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, 172–185. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2012.672013
  • Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., & Burton, D. (1990). Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Martinent, G., Ferrand, C., Guillet, E., & Gauthier, S. (2010). Validation of the French version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 revised (CSAI-2R) including frequency and direction scales. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11, 51–57. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.05.001
  • McGonnigal, K. (2015). The upside of stress. New York, NY: Avery.
  • Norlander, T., & Archer, T. (2002). Predicting performance in ski and swim championships: Effectiveness of mood, perceived exertion, and dispositional optimism. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94, 153–164. doi: 10.2466/pms.2002.94.1.153
  • Pacewicz, C. E., Gotwals, J. K., & Blanton, J. E. (2018). Perfectionism, coping, and burnout among intercollegiate varsity athletes: A person-oriented investigation of group differences and mediation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 35, 207–217. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.12.008
  • Pocwardowski, A., Diehl, B., O’Neil, A., Cote, T., & Haberl, P. (2014). Successful transitions to the Olympic training center, Colorado Springs: A mixed-method exploration with six resident-athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26, 33–51. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2013.773950
  • Rasquinha, A., Dunn, J. G. H., & Causgrove Dunn, J. (2014). Relationships between perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and competitive sport level. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15, 659–667. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.07.008
  • Rotella, R. J. (1990). Providing sport psychology consulting services to professional athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 4, 409–417. doi: 10.1123/tsp.4.4.409
  • Sapieja, K. M., Dunn, J. G. H., & Holt, N. L. (2011). Perfectionism and perceptions of parenting styles in male youth Soccer. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 20–39. doi: 10.1123/jsep.33.1.20
  • Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A re-evaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063–1078. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063
  • Sherry, A., & Henson, R. K. (2005). Conducting and interpreting canonical correlation analysis in personality research: A user-friendly primer. Journal of Personality Assessment, 84, 37–48. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8401_09
  • Stoeber, J. (2014). Perfectionism. In R. C. Eklund, & G. Tenenbaum (Eds.), Encyclopedia of sport and exercise psychology (pp. 527–530). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Stoeber, J. (2018). The psychology of perfectionism: Critical issues, open questions, and future directions. In J. Stoeber (Ed.), The psychology of perfectionism: Theory, research, applications (pp. 333–352). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Stoeber, J., & Madigan, D. J. (2016). Measuring perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise: Review, critique, recommendations. In A. P. Hill (Ed.), The psychology of perfectionism in sport, dance and exercise (pp. 31–56). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Stoeber, J., Otto, K., Pescheck, E., Becker, C., & Stoll, O. (2007). Perfectionism and competitive anxiety in athletes: Differentiating striving for perfection and negative reactions to imperfection. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 959–969. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.006
  • Stoeber, J., Uphill, M. A., & Hotham, S. (2009). Predicting race performance in triathlon: The role of perfectionism, achievement goals, and personal goal setting. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 211–245. doi: 10.1123/jsep.31.2.211
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Harper Collins.
  • Vealey, R. S., & Perritt, N. C. (2015). Hardiness and optimism as predictors of the frequency of flow in collegiate athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 38, 321–338.
  • Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 443–457. doi: 10.1080/0264041031000101809

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.