715
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Europe

Compassion and self-compassion motivation and action levels in a high-performance soccer youth academy

, , , &
Pages 440-455 | Received 10 May 2021, Accepted 15 Mar 2022, Published online: 05 Apr 2022

References

  • Addis, M. E., & Mahalik, J. R. (2003). Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. American Psychologist, 58(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.58.1.5
  • Anderson, E., & McGuire, R. (2010). Inclusive masculinity theory and the gendered politics of men’s rugby. Journal of Gender Studies, 19(3), 249–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2010.494341
  • Biddle, S. J., & Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: A review of reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 886–895. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185
  • Bluth, K., Roberson, P. N., Gaylord, S. A., Faurot, K. R., Grewen, K. M., Arzon, S., & Girdler, S. S. (2016). Does self-compassion protect adolescents from stress? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(4), 1098–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0307-3
  • Bray, S. R., Martin, K. A., & Widmeyer, W. N. (2000). The relationship between evaluative concerns and sport competition state anxiety among youth skiers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(5), 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404100402412
  • Bruner, M. W., Carreau, J. M., Wilson, K. S., & Penney, M. (2014). Group norms in youth sport: Role of personal and social factors. The Sport Psychologist, 28(4), 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2013-0029
  • Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(6), 1015. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829–859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639
  • Côté, J., & Vierimaa, M. (2014). The developmental model of sport participation: 15 years after its first conceptualization. Science & Sports, 29, S63–S69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2014.08.133
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
  • Crozier, A. J., Mosewich, A. D., & Ferguson, L. J. (2019). The company we keep: Exploring the relationship between perceived teammate self-compassion and athlete self-compassion. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 40, 152–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.10.005
  • Cumming, S. P., Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Eisenmann, J. C., & Malina, R. M. (2017). Bio-banding in sport: Applications to competition, talent identification, and strength and conditioning of youth athletes. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 39(2), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000281
  • Cushman, P. (2008). So what exactly do you want? What principals mean when they say “male role model”. Gender and Education, 20(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250701805847
  • Ferguson, G. W. (2000). You’ll be a man if you play rugby: An examination of the role of sport in the social construction of gender (masters). Univeristy of Cantebury.
  • Ferguson, L. J., Kowalski, K. C., Mack, D. E., & Sabiston, C. M. (2014). Exploring self-compassion and eudaimonic well-being in young women athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 36(2), 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0096
  • Fontana, M. S., Fry, M. D., & Cramer, E. (2017). Exploring the relationship between athletes’ perceptions of the motivational climate to their compassion, self-compassion, shame, and pride in adult recreational sport. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 21(2), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2017.1278698
  • Francis, B., & Skelton, C. (2001). Men teachers and the construction of heterosexual masculinity in the classroom. Sex education: Sexuality. Society and Learning, 1(1), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681810120041689
  • Fry, M. D., & Gano-Overway, L. A. (2010). Exploring the contribution of the caring climate to the youth sport experience. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22(3), 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413201003776352
  • Gearity, B. T., & Murray, M. A. (2011). Athletes’ experiences of the psychological effects of poor coaching. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(3), 213–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.11.004
  • Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Matos, M., & Rivis, A. (2011). Fears of compassion: Development of three self-report measures. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84(3), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1348/147608310X526511
  • Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 351. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018807
  • Gouttebarge, V., Backx, F. J., Aoki, H., & Kerkhoffs, G. M. (2015). Symptoms of common mental disorders in professional football (soccer) across five European countries. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 14(4), 811.
  • Hardy, L., Barlow, M., Evans, L., Rees, T., Woodman, T., & Warr, C. (2017). Great British medalists: Psychosocial biographies of super-elite and elite athletes from Olympic sports. Progress in Brain Research, 232, 1–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.03.004
  • Hickey, C. (2008). Physical education, sport and hyper-masculinity in schools. Sport, Education and Society, 13(2), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573320801957061
  • Hoar, S. D., Kowalski, K. C., Gaudreau, P., & Crocker, P. R. (2006). A review of coping in sport. In S. Hanton & S. Mellalieu (Eds.), Literature reviews in sport psychology (pp. 47–90). Hauppage, NY: Nova Science.
  • Ingstrup, M. S., Mosewich, A. D., & Holt, N. L. (2017). The development of self-compassion among women varsity athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 31(4), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0147
  • Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
  • Mosewich, A. D., Ferguson, L. J., McHugh, T.-L. F., & Kowalski, K. C. (2019). Enhancing capacity: Integrating self-compassion in sport. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 10(4), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2018.1557774
  • Mosewich, A. D., Kowalski, K. C., Sabiston, C. M., Sedgwick, W. A., & Tracy, J. L. (2011). Self-compassion: A potential resource for young women athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(1), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.1.103
  • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2009). Depression: Treatment and management of depression in adults: Clinical guideline 90. NICE.
  • Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
  • Nielsen, G., Wikman, J. M., Jensen, C. J., Schmidt, J. F., Gliemann, L., & Andersen, T. R. (2014). Health promotion: The impact of beliefs of health benefits, social relations and enjoyment on exercise continuation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in 503 Sports, 24, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12275
  • Parent, M. C., & Moradi, B. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis of the conformity to masculine norms inventory and development of the conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 10(3), 175. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015481
  • Poucher, Z. A., Tamminen, K. A., Kerr, G., & Cairney, J. (2021). A commentary on mental health research in elite sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(1), 60–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1668496
  • Reardon, C. L., Hainline, B., Aron, C. M., Baron, D., Baum, A. L., Bindra, A., … Currie, A. (2019). Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019). British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(11), 667–699. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715
  • Reilly, E. D., Rochlen, A. B., & Awad, G. H. (2014). Men’s self-compassion and self-esteem: The moderating roles of shame and masculine norm adherence. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 15(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031028
  • Reis, N. A., Kowalski, K. C., Mosewich, A. D., & Ferguson, L. J. (2018). Men athletes’ masculinity and relationships to self-compassion and fear of compassion for self. Journal of Exercise, Movement, and Sport (SCAPPS Refereed Abstracts Repository), 50(1), 181–181.
  • Reis, N. A., Kowalski, K. C., Mosewich, A. D., & Ferguson, L. J. (2019). Exploring Self-Compassion and versions of masculinity in men athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 41(6), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2019-0061
  • Reis, N. A., Kowalski, K. C., Mosewich, A. D., & Ferguson, L. J. (2021). ‘That’s how I am dealing with it–that is dealing with it’: Exploring men athletes’ self-compassion through the lens of masculinity. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 14(2), 245–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2021.1920455
  • Röthlin, P., Horvath, S., & Birrer, D. (2019). Go soft or go home? A review of empirical studies on the role of self-compassion in the competitive sport setting. Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS), 4 (013). https://doi.org/10.15203/CISS_2019.013
  • Sagar, S. S., Lavallee, D., & Spray, C. M. (2009). Coping with the effects of fear of failure: A preliminary investigation of young elite athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 3(1), 73–98. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.3.1.73
  • Selfriz, J. J., Duda, J. L., & Chi, L. (1992). The relationship of perceived motivational climate to intrinsic motivation and beliefs about success in basketball. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(4), 375–391. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.14.4.375
  • Steindl, S. R., Tellegen, C. L., Filus, A., Seppala, E., Doty, J. R., & Kirby, J. N. (2021). The compassion motivation and action scales: A self-report measure of compassionate behaviors. Australian Psychologist, 56(2), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2021.1893110
  • Stornes, T., & Ommundsen, Y. (2004). Achievement goals, motivational climate and sportspersonship: A study of young handball players. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 48(2), 205–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031383042000198512
  • Vitali, F., Bortoli, L., Bertinato, L., Robazza, C., & Schena, F. (2015). Motivational climate, resilience, and burnout in youth sport. Sport Sciences for Health, 11(1), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-014-0214-9
  • Walton, C. C., Baranoff, J., Gilbert, P., & Kirby, J. (2020). Self-compassion, social rank, and psychological distress in athletes of varying competitive levels. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 50, 101733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101733
  • Wasylkiw, L., & Clairo, J. (2018). Help seeking in men: When masculinity and self-compassion collide. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 19(2), 234. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000086
  • Young, K., Sandman, C., & Craske, M. (2019). Positive and negative emotion regulation in adolescence: Links to anxiety and depression. Brain Sciences, 9(4), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9040076

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.