Excellence and expert performance in sports: what do we know and where are we going?

References

• Aalberg, M., Roaas, T. V., Aune, M. A., Bjerke, Ø, & Aune, T. K. (2022). In pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of expertise development: A comparison between paths to world-class performance in complex technical vs. endurance demanding sports. Sports, 10(2), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10020016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmetov, I. I., Hall, E. C. R., Semenova, E. A., Pranckevičienė, E., & Ginevičienė, V. (2022). Advances in sports genomics. Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 107, 215–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2021.07.004
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Albaladejo-García, C., García-Aguilar, F., & Moreno, F. J. (2023). The role of inhibitory control in sport performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis in stop-signal paradigm. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 147, 105108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel, M., Zentgraf, K., Krüger, K., & Alack, K. (2021). Effects of genetic variation on endurance performance, muscle strength, and injury susceptibility in sports: A systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 694411. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.694411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arribas-Galarraga, S., Cecchini, J. A., Luis-De-Cos, I., Saies, E., & Luis-De-Cos, G. (2020). Influence of emotional intelligence on sport performance in elite canoeist. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 15, 772–782. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.154.05
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacciotti, S., Baxter-Jones, A., Gaya, A., & Maia, J. (2017). The physique of elite female artistic gymnasts: A systematic review. Journal of Human Kinetics, 58(1), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, J., & Farrow, D. (Eds.). (2015). Routledge handbook of sport expertise. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, J., Wattie, N., & Schorer, J. (2019). A proposed conceptualization of talent in sport: The first step in a long and winding road. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 43, 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.12.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, J., Wilson, S., Johnston, K., Dehghansai, N., Koenigsberg, A., de Vegt, S., & Wattie, N. (2020). Talent research in sport 1990–2018: A scoping review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 607710. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beets, M. W., Cardinal, B. J., & Alderman, B. L. (2010). Parental social support and the physical activity-related behaviors of youth: A review. Health Education & Behavior, 37(5), 621–644. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198110363884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belling, P. K., Suss, J., & Ward, P. (2015). Advancing theory and application of cognitive research in sport: Using representative tasks to explain and predict skilled anticipation, decision-making, and option-generation behavior. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Zaken, S., Meckel, Y., Nemet, D., & Eliakim, A. (2013). Can IGF-I polymorphism affect power and endurance athletic performance? Growth Hormone & IGF Research, 23(5), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ghir.2013.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchard, C., Dionne, F. T., Simoneau, J. A., & Boulay, M. R. (1992). Genetics of aerobic and anaerobic performances. Exercise and Sport Science Reviews, 20(1), 27–58. https://doi.org/10.1249/00003677-199200200-00002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brazier, J., Antrobus, M. R., Herbert, A. J., Callus, P. C., Khanal, P., Stebbings, G. K., Day, S. H., Heffernan, S. M., Kilduff, L. P., Bennett, M. A., Erskine, R. M., Raleigh, S. M., Collins, M., Pitsiladis, Y. P., & Williams, A. G. (2022). Gene variants previously associated with reduced soft-tissue injury risk: Part 2 – polygenic associations with elite status in Rugby. European Journal of Sport Science, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2155877
   Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Making human beings human. ThousandOaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Burk, V. (2005). Comparison of successful sport systems. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 40, 149–155.
   Google Scholar
• Chaouachi, A., Brughelli, M., Chamari, K., Levin, G. T., Ben Abdelkrim, N., Laurencelle, L., & Castagna, C. (2009). Lower limb maximal dynamic strength and agility determinants in elite basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(5), 1570–1577. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a4e7f0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charney, E. (2017). Genes, behavior, and behavior genetics. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 8(1-2), e1405. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., & McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development: A meta-analytical review of relative age effects in sport. Sports Medicine, 39(3), 235–256. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939030-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conzelmann, A., Nigg, C. R., & Schmidt, M. (2023). Personality development through sport. In J. Schüler, M. Wegner, H. Plessner, & R. Eklund (Eds.), Sport and exercise psychology (pp. 354–370). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110596.
   Google Scholar
• Côté, J. (1999). The influence of the family in the development of talent in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 13(4), 395–417. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.13.4.395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté, J., Baker, J., & Abernethy, B. (2007). Practice and play in the development of sport expertise. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 184–202). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Coutinho, P., Mesquita, I., & Fonseca, A. M. (2016). Talent development in sport: A critical review of pathways to expert performance. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 11(2), 279–293. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954116637499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coutinho, P., Mesquita, I., Fonseca, A. M., & Côte, J. (2015). Expertise development in volleyball: The role of early sport activities and players’ age and height. Kinesiology, 47(2), 215–225. 16-18629-012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davids, K., & Baker, J. (2007). Genes, environment and sport performance: Why the nature-nurture dualism is no longer relevant. Sports Medicine, 37(11), 961–980. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737110-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debanne, T., & Laffaye, G. (2011). Predicting the throwing velocity of the ball in handball with anthropometric variables and isotonic tests. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(7), 705–713. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.552112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bosscher, V., De Knop, P., Van Bottenburg, M., Shibli, S., & Bingham, J. (2009). Explaining international sporting success: An international comparison of elite sport systems and policies in six countries. Sport Management Review, 12(3), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2009.01.001
   Google Scholar
• Di Fiori, J. P., Quitiquit, C., Gray, A. D., Kimlin, E. J., & Baker, R. (2019). Early single sport specialization in a high-achieving US athlete population: Comparing national collegiate athletic association student-athletes and undergraduate students. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(10), 1050–1054. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-431-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson, A., & Pool, R. (2016). Peak: Secrets from the new science of expertise. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Ericsson, K. A. (2003). The acquisition of expert performance as problem solving: Construction and modification of mediating mechanisms through deliberate practice. In J. E. Davidson & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem solving (pp. 31–83). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615771.003
   Google Scholar
• Ericsson, K. A. (2014). Why expert performance is special and cannot be extrapolated from studies of performance in the general population: A response to criticisms. Intelligence, 45, 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagan, F., Haugh, M., & Cooper, H. (2019). The advantage of lefties in one-on-one sports. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 15(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2017-0076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrow, D., & Baker, J. (2015). The future of sport expertise research. In J. Baker & D. Farrow (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport expertise (pp. 439–444). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Forsman, H., Gråstén, A., Blomqvist, M., Davids, K., Liukkonen, J., & Konttinen, N. (2016). Development of perceived competence, tactical skills, motivation, technical skills, and speed and agility in young soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(14), 1311–1318. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1127401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbett, T., & Georgieff, B. (2007). Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of Australian junior national, state, and novice volleyball players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(3), 902–908. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-20616.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagné, F. (2009). Building gifts into talents: Detailed overview of the DMGT 2.0. In B. MacFarlane & T. Stambaugh (Eds.), Leading change in gifted education: The Festschrift of Dr Joyce VanTassel-Baska (pp. 1–6). Prufrock Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ginevičienė, V., Jakaitienė, A., Pranculis, A., Milašius, K., Tubelis, L., & Utkus, A. (2014). AMPD1 rs17602729 is associated with physical performance of sprint and power in elite Lithuanian athletes. BMC Genetics, 15(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-15-58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gómez-Gallego, F., Ruiz, J. R., Buxens, A., Artieda, M., Arteta, D., Santiago, C., Rodríguez-Romo, G., Lao, J. I., & Lucia, A. (2009). The −786 T/C polymorphism of the NOS3 gene is associated with elite performance in power sports. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 107(5), 565–569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1166-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guest, N. S., Horne, J., Vanderhout, S. M., & El-Sohemy, A. (2019). Sport nutrigenomics: Personalized nutrition for athletic performance. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilherme, J. P. L. F., Egorova, E. S., Semenova, E. A., Kostryukova, E. S., Kulemin, N. A., Borisov, O. V., Khabibova, S. A., Larin, A. K., Ospanova, E. A., Pavlenko, A. V., Lyubaeva, E. V., Popov, D. V., Lysenko, E. A., Vepkhvadze, T. F., Lednev, E. M., Govorun, V. M., Generozov, E. V., Ahmetov, I. I., & Lancha Junior, A. H. (2019). The A-allele of the FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism is associated with decreased proportion of slow oxidative muscle fibers and over-represented in heavier athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(3), 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Güllich, A. (2017). International medallists’ and non-medallists’ developmental sport activities – a matched-pairs analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(23), 2281–2288. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1265662
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugen, T., Tønnessen, E., Hisdal, J., & Seiler, S. (2014). The role and development of sprinting speed in soccer. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(3), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksen, K. (2010). The ecology of talent development in sport: A multiple case study of successful athletic talent development environments in Scandinavia [Doctoral thesis]. Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark. Retrieved from: http://sportspsykologen.dk/pdf/Henriksen_The_ecology_of_talent_development_in_sport.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Henriksen, K., Knight, C., & Araújo, D. (2020). Talent development environments. In D. Hackfort & R. J. Schinke (Eds.), The Routledge international encyclopedia of sport and exercise psychology: Volume 2: Applied and practical measures (pp. 658–670). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Henriksen, K., & Stambulova, N. (2017). Creating optimal environments for talent development: A holistic ecological approach. In S. Cobley, J. Baker, J. Schorer, & N. Wattie (Eds.), Routledge handbook of talent identification and development in sport (pp. 270–284). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315668017-19.
   Google Scholar
• Henriksen, K., Storm, L. K., Kuettel, A., Linnér, L., & Stambulova, N. (2020). A holistic ecological approach to sport and study: The case of an athlete friendly university in Denmark. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 47, 101637–101222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101637
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heppe, H., & Zentgraf, K. (2019). Team handball experts outperform recreational athletes in hand and foot response inhibition: A behavioral study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 971. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrnstein, R. J., & Murray, C. (1994). The bell curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life. Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hornig, M., Aust, F., & Güllich, A. (2016). Practice and play in the development of German top-level professional football players. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(1), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.982204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janelle, C. M. (2002). Anxiety, arousal and visual attention: A mechanistic account of performance variability. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(3), 237–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102317284790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, N., Kiely, J., Suraci, B., Collins, D. J., de Lorenzo, D., Pickering, C., & Grimaldi, K. A. (2016). A genetic-based algorithm for personalized resistance-training. Biology of Sport, 33(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1198210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalén, A., Bisagno, E., Musculus, L., Raab, M., Pérez-Ferreirós, A., Williams, A. M., Araújo, D., Lindwall, M., & Ivarsson, A. (2021). The role of domain-specific and domain-general cognitive functions and skills in sports performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 147(12), 1290–1308. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuettel, A., Christensen, M. K., Żyśko, J., & Hansen, J. (2020). A cross-cultural comparison of dual career environments for elite athletes in Switzerland, Denmark, and Poland. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(4), 454–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2018.1553889
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin, P., Cocić, D., Hendry, D. T., Williams, A. M., O’Connor, D., & Bilalić, M. (2023). Gritting one’s way to success – Grit explains skill in elite youth soccer players beyond (deliberate) practice. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 64, 102328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin, P., Spittle, M., Farrow, D., Maximos, Y., & Höner, O. (2023). The golden generation of Australian soccer: Understanding the factors which influenced their development. Soccer & Society, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2023.2192486
   Google Scholar
• Lawley, R., Syrop, I. P., & Fredericson, M. (2020). Vitamin D for improved bone health and prevention of stress fractures: A review of the literature. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 19(6), 202–208. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, C., Rosalie, S. M., Gastin, P. B., Withers, S., & Netto, K. (2022). The transfer of expertise to aerial skiing: Utility of an athletic profile in female athletes. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17(5), 1033–1039. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541211054245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lidor, R., & Ziv, G. (2010). Physical and physiological attributes of female volleyball players-A review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(7), 1963–1973. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddf835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombard, M. P., & Deaner, R. O. (2014). You can't teach speed: Sprinters falsify the deliberate practice model of expertise. PeerJ, 2, e445. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenz, D. S., Reiman, M. P., Lehecka, B. J., & Naylor, A. (2013). What performance characteristics determine elite versus nonelite athletes in the same sport? Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 5(6), 542–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738113479763
   Google Scholar
• Maciejewska, A., Sawczuk, M., Cieszczyk, P., Mozhayskaya, I. A., & Ahmetov, I. I. (2012). The PPARGC1A gene Gly482Ser in Polish and Russian athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(1), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.623709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maestro, A., Del Coso, J., Aguilar-Navarro, M., Gutiérrez-Hellín, J., Morencos, E., Revuelta, G., Ruiz Casares, E., Perucho, T., & Varillas-Delgado, D. (2022). Genetic profile in genes associated with muscle injuries and injury etiology in professional soccer players. Frontiers in Genetics, 13, 1035899. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1035899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Memmert, D., Lemmink, K. A., & Sampaio, J. (2017). Current approaches to tactical performance analyses in soccer using position data. Sports Medicine, 47(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0562-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake, A., & Friedman, N. P. (2012). The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions: Four general conclusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(1), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411429458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naureen, Z., Perrone, M., Paolacci, S., Maltese, P. E., Dhuli, K., Kurti, D., Dautaj, A., Miotto, R., Casadei, A., Fioretti, B., Beccari, T., Romeo, F., & Bertelli, M. (2020). Genetic test for the personalization of sport training. Acta bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 91(13-S), e2020012. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i13-S.10593
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orysiak, J., Sitkowski, D., Zmijewski, P., Malczewska-Lenczowska, J., Cieszczyk, P., Zembron-Lacny, A., & Pokrywka, A. (2015). Overrepresentation of the ACTN3 XX genotype in elite canoe and kayak paddlers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(4), 1107–1112. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petr, M., Thiel, D., Kateřina, K., Brož, P., Malý, T., Zahálka, F., Vostatková, P., Wilk, M., Chycki, J., & Stastny, P. (2022). Speed and power-related gene polymorphisms associated with playing position in elite soccer players. Biology of Sport, 39(2), 355–366. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.105333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petry, K. E., Steinbach, D., & Tokarski, W. (2004). Sport systems in the countries of the European Union: Similarities and differences. European Journal for Sport and Society, 1(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2004.11687744
   Google Scholar
• Platz, F., Kopiez, R., Lehmann, A. C., & Wolf, A. (2014). The influence of deliberate practice on musical achievement: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 646. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raab, M. (2017). Motor heuristics and embodied choices: How to choose and act. Current Opinion in Psychology, 16, 34–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raab, M., & Gigerenzer, G. (2015). The power of simplicity: A fast-and-frugal heuristics approach to performance science. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1672. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raab, M., & Helsen, W. (2015). How experts make decisions in dynamic, time-constrained sporting environments. In J. Baker & D. Farrow (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport expertise (pp. 50–63). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315776675-5.
   Google Scholar
• Ridley, M. (2003). Nature vs nurture: Genes, experience, and what makes us human. HarperCollins Publisher.
   Google Scholar
• Sabiston, C. M., Vani, M., de Jonge, M., & Nesbitt, A. (2022). Scoping reviews and rapid reviews. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(1), 91–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2021.1964095
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakakibara, A. (2014). A longitudinal study of the process of acquiring absolute pitch: A practical report of training with the ‘Chord Identification Method’. Psychology of Music, 42(1), 86–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735612463948
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarr, S. (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990s: Development and individual differences. Child Development, 63(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schüler, J., Wolff, W., & Duda, J. L. (2023). Intrinsic motivation in the context of sports. In J. Schüler, M. Wegner, H. Plessner, & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Sport and exercise psychology (pp. 171–192). Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03921-8_8
   Google Scholar
• Simon, H. A. (1990). Invariants of human behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 41(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.000245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stambulova, N. B., Ryba, T. V., & Henriksen, K. (2020). Career development and transitions of athletes: The International Society of Sport Psychology Position Stand Revisited. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19(4), 524–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2020.1737836
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stambulova, N. B., & Wylleman, P. (2019). Psychology of athletes' dual careers: A state-of-the-art critical review of the European discourse. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 74–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swann, C., Moran, A., & Pigott, D. (2015). Defining elite athletes: Issues in the study of expert performance in sport psychology. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiel, A., & Munz, B. (2018). Individualized training as a biopsychosocial challenge – interlinking epigenetics, social sciences and psychology in sport scientific research. European Journal for Sport and Society, 15(3), 211–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2018.1500116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullén, F., Hambrick, D. Z., & Mosing, M. A. (2016). Rethinking expertise: A multifactorial gene–environment interaction model of expert performance. Psychological Bulletin, 142(4), 427–446. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Kamp, J., & Renshaw, I. (2015). Information-movement coupling as a hallmark of sport expertise. In J. Baker & D. Farrow (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport expertise (pp. 50–63). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315776675-5.
   Google Scholar
• Varillas Delgado, D., Del Coso, J., Gutiérrez-Hellín, J., Aguilar-Navarro, M., Muñoz, A., Maestro, A., & Morencos, E. (2022). Genetics and sports performance: The present and future in the identification of talent for sports based on DNA testing. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(8), 1811–1830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-04945-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varillas Delgado, D., Tellería Orriols, J. J., Monge Martín, D., & Del Coso, J. (2020). Genotype scores in energy and iron-metabolising genes are higher in elite endurance athletes than in nonathlete controls. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 45(11), 1225–1231. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers, J. N. (2016). Origins and current issues in quiet eye research. Current Issues in Sport Science, 1, 101. https://doi.org/10.15203/CISS-2016.101
   Google Scholar
• Vink, K., Raudsepp, L., & Kais, K. (2015). Intrinsic motivation and individual deliberate practice are reciprocally related: Evidence from a longitudinal study of adolescent team sport athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, A. M., Ford, P. R., & Drust, B. (2020). Talent identification and development in soccer since the millennium. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(11-12), 1199–1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1766647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisløff, U., Castagna, C., Helgerud, J., Jones, R., & Hoff, J. (2004). Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players: Figure 1. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(3), 285–288. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2002.002071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, N., MacArthur, D. G., Gulbin, J. P., Hahn, A. G., Beggs, A. H., Easteal, S., & North, K. (2003). ACTN3 genotype is associated with human elite athletic performance. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 73(3), 627–631. https://doi.org/10.1086/377590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yongtawee, A., Park, J., Kim, Y., & Woo, M. (2022). Athletes have different dominant cognitive functions depending on type of sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2021.1956570
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar