Gender in eSports research: a literature review

References

• Abbiss, J. (2008). Rethinking the ‘problem’of gender and IT schooling: Discourses in literature. Gender and Education, 20(2), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250701805839
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arneberg, E. J., & Hegna, K. (2018). Virtuelle grenseutfordringer (Virtual boundary challenges). Norsk Sosiologisk Tidsskrift, 2(03), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.2535-2512-2018-03-05
   Google Scholar
• Beavis, C., & Charles, C. (2007). Would the ‘real’ girl gamer please stand up? Gender, LAN cafés, and the reformulation of the ‘girl’ gamer. Gender and Education, 19(6), 691–705. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250701650615
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behm-Morawitz, E. (2014). Examining the intersection of race and gender in video game advertising. Journal of Marketing Communications, 23(3), 220–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2014.914562
   Google Scholar
• Brownmiller, S. (1984). Femininity. Linden Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bryce, J., & Rutter, J. (2002). Killing like a girl: Gendered gaming and girl gamers’ visibility. In F. Mäyrä (Ed.), Proceedings of computer games and digital cultures conference. Tampere University Press. http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/05164.00312.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bryson, L. (1987). Sport and the maintenance of masculine hegemony. Women’s Studies International Forum, 10(4), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(87)90052-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budgeon, S. (2014). The dynamics of gender hegemony: Femininities, masculinities and social change. Sociology, 48(2), 317–334. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038513490358
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble, feminist theory, and psychoanalytic discourse. In L. Nicholson (Ed.), Feminism/postmodernism (pp. 324–340). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of ‘sex. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cockburn, C. (1992). The circuit of technology: Gender, identity and power. In R. Silverstone & E. Hirsch (Eds.), Consuming technologies: Media and information in domestic spaces (pp. 33–42). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power: Society, the person, and sexual politics. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829–859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullen, A. L. (2018). “I play to win!”: Geguri as a (post) feminist icon in esports. Feminist Media Studies, 18(5), 948–952. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1498112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darvin, L., Vooris, R., & Mahoney, T. (2020). The playing experiences of esports participants: An analysis of treatment discrimination and hostility in esports environments. Journal of Athlete Development and Experience, 2(1), 36–50. https://doi.org/10.25035/jade.02.01.03
   Google Scholar
• Dworkin, S. L., Messner, M. A. (2002). Just do… what? Sport, bodies, gender. In S. Scraton, & A. Flintoff (Eds.), Gender and sport: A reader (pp. 17–29). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Entertainment Software Association (ESA) (2018). 2018 essential facts about the computer and video game industry. https://www.theesa.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ESA_EssentialFacts_2018.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Grindstaff, L., & West, E. (2011). Hegemonic masculinity on the sidelines of sport. Sociology Compass, 5(10), 859–881. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2011.00409.x
   Google Scholar
• Halberstam, J. (1998). Female masculinity. Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hemphill, D. A. (1995). Revisioning sport spectatorism. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 22(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.1995.9714515
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilbert, J. (2019, 9 April). Gaming & gender: how inclusive are eSports? The Sports Integrity Initiative. https://www.sportsintegrityinitiative.com/gaming-gender-how-inclusive-are-esports/
   Google Scholar
• Interpret. (2019, 2 March). Female esports watchers gain 6% in gender viewership share in last two years. https://interpret.la/female-esports-watchers-gain-6-in-gender-viewership-share-in-last-two-years/
   Google Scholar
• Ivory, J. D. (2009). Still a man’s game: Gender representation in online reviews of video games. Mass Communication and Society, 9(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327825mcs0901_6
   Google Scholar
• Jenson, J., & de Castell, S. (2011). Girls@Play: An ethnographic study of gender and digital gameplay. Feminist Media Studies, 11(2), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2010.521625
   Google Scholar
• Jenson, J., & de Castell, S. (2013). Tipping points: Marginality, misogyny, and videogames. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 29(2), 72–85. http://journal.jctonline.org/index.jhp/jcp/article/view/474
   Google Scholar
• Jenson, J., & de Castell, S. (2015). Online games, gender, and feminism. In R. Mansell, & Ang, P. H. (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of digital communication and society (pp. 1–5). John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Jenson, J., & de Castell, S. (2018). “The entrepreneurial gamer”: Regendering the order of play. Games and Culture, 13(7), 728–746. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412018755913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, H. W. (2006). Illegitimate, monstrous, and out there: female ‘Quake’ players and inappropriate pleasures. In J. Hollows, & R. Pearson (Eds.), Feminism in Popular Culture (pp. 183–201). Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Kuznekoff, J. H., & Rose, L. M. (2013). Communication in multiplayer gaming: Examining player responses to gender cues. New Media & Society, 15(4), 541–556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812458271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, T., Tompkins, J. E., Van Driel, I. I., & Fritz, N. (2016). Sexy, strong, and secondary: A content analysis of female characters in video games across 31 years. Journal of Communication, 66(4), 564–584. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maass, A., Cadinu, M., Guarnieri, G., & Grasselli, A. (2003). Sexual harassment under social identity threat: The computer harassment paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(5), 853–870. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, S., Mountjoy, M., & Marcus, M. (2012). Sexual harassment and abuse in sport: The role of the team doctor. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46(13), 905–908. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massanari, A. (2017). Gamergate and the Fappening: How Reddit’s algorithm, governance, and culture support toxic technocultures. New Media & Society, 19(3), 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815608807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRobbie, A. (2009). The aftermath of feminism: Gender, culture and social change. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Messerschmidt, J. W. (2019). The salience of “hegemonic masculinity”. Men and Masculinities, 22(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X18805555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messerschmidt, J. W. (2020). And now, the rest of the story…: A critical reflection on Paechter (2018) and Hamilton et al. (2019). Women’s Studies International Forum, 82, 102401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2020.102401
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messner, M. (2007). Out of play: Critical essays on gender and sport. State University of New York.
   Google Scholar
• Paaßen, B., Morgenroth, T., & Stratemeyer, M. (2017). What is a true gamer? The male gamer stereotype and the marginalization of women in video game culture. Sex Roles, 76(7–8), 421–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0678-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paechter, C. (2018). Rethinking the possibilities for hegemonic femininity: Exploring a Gramscian framework. Women's Studies International Forum, 68, 121–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2018.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pringle, R. G., & Hickey, C. (2010). Negotiating masculinities via the moral problematization of sport. Sociology of Sport Journal, 27(2), 115–138. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.27.2.115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratan, R. A., Taylor, N., Hogan, J., Kennedy, T., & Williams, D. (2015). Stand by your man: An examination of gender disparity in League of Legends. Games and Culture, 10(5), 438–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412014567228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rietkerk, R. (2020, February 25). Newzoo: The global esports audience will be just shy of 500 million this year. https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/newzoo-esports-sponsorship-alone-will-generate-revenues-of-more-than-600-million-this-year/
   Google Scholar
• Ruvalcaba, O., Shulze, J., Kim, A., Berzenski, S. R., & Otten, M. P. (2018). Women’s experiences in eSports: Gendered differences in peer and spectator feedback during competitive video gameplay. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 42(4), 295–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723518773287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, G. W., & Bernard, H. R. (2003). Techniques to identify themes. Field Methods, 15(1), 85–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X02239569
   Google Scholar
• Schelfhout, S., Bowers, M. T., & Hao, Y. A. (2021). Balancing Gender Identity and Gamer Identity: Gender Issues Faced by Wang ‘BaiZe’ Xinyu at the 2017 Hearthstone Summer Championship. Games and Culture, 16(1), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412019866348
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schippers, M. (2007). Recovering the feminine other: Masculinity, femininity, and gender hegemony. Theory and Society, 36(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-007-9022-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schofield, J. W. (1995). Computers and classroom culture (pp. XII, 271). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shen, C., Ratan, R., Cai, Y. D., & Leavitt, A. (2016). Do men advance faster than women? Debunking the gender performance gap in two massively multiplayer online games. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 21(4), 312–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12159
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siutila, M., & Havaste, E. (2019). A pure meritocracy blind to identity: Exploring the online responses to all-female esports teams in Reddit. Transactions of the Digital Games Research Association, 4(3), 43–74. https://doi.org/10.26503/todigra.v4i3.97
   Google Scholar
• Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52(6), 613–629. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 797–811. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, N., Jenson, J., & De Castell, S. (2009). Cheerleaders/booth babes/Halo hoes: Pro-gaming, gender, and jobs for the boys. Digital Creativity, 20(4), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/14626260903290323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, T. L. (2008). Becoming a player: Networks, structures, and imagined futures. In Y. B. Kafai (Ed.), Beyond Barbie and Mortal Kombat: New perspectives on gender and gaming (pp. 51–66). MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, T. L. (2012). Raising the stakes: E-sports and the professionalization of computer gaming. The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vermeulen, L., Núñez Castellar, E., & Van Looy, J. (2014). Challenging the other: Exploring the role of opponent gender in digital game competition for female players. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17(5), 303–309. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0331
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voorhees, G. (2015). Neoliberal masculinity: The government of play and masculinity in e-sports. In R. A. Brookey, & T. P. Oates (Eds.), Playing to win: Sports, video games, and the culture of play (pp. 63–91). Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Voorhees, G., & Orlando, A. (2018). Performing neoliberal masculinity: Reconfiguring hegemonic masculinity in professional gaming. In N. Taylor, & G. Voorhees (Eds.), Masculinities in play (pp. 211–227). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Wachs, F. L. (2002). Leveling the playing field: Negotiating gendered rules in co-ed softball. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 26(3), 300–316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723502263006
   Google Scholar
• Wajcman, J. (1991). Feminism confronts technology. Pennsylvania State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, N. A., & Sartore-Baldwin, M. L. (2013). Hegemonic masculinity and the institutionalized bias toward women in men’s collegiate basketball: What do men think? Journal of Sport Management, 27(4), 303–315. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.27.4.303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witkowski, E. (2013). Eventful masculinities: Negotiations of hegemonic sporting masculinities at LANs. In M. Consalvo, J. Mitgutsch, & A. Stein (Eds.), Sports videogames (pp. 225–243). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Witkowski, E. (2018). Doing/undoing gender with the girl gamer in high-performance play. In K. L. Gray & G. Voorhees (Eds.), Feminism in play (pp. 185–203). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Xue, H., Newman, J. I., & Du, J. (2019). Narratives, identity, and community in esports. Leisure Studies, 38(6), 845–861. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1640778
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, L. (2018). Masculinity’s new battle arena in international e-sports: The games begin. In N. Taylor, & G. Voorhees (Eds.), Masculinities in play (pp. 229–247). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Zolides, A. (2015). Lipstick bullets: Labour and gender in professional gamer self- branding. Persona Studies, 1(2), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.21153/ps2015vol1no2art467
   Google Scholar