References
- 1983 . America's Other Voice There are only a few books that study both Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. One is former RFE/RL President Sig Mickelson's (New York, Praeger, and the other is Arch Puddington's Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kentucky, 2000). Two early Cold-War books were written that dealt only with Radio Free Europe: Voices Through the Iron Curtain, by Alan Mitchie (New York: Story, Dodd, Mead, 1963), and Radio Free Europe, by Robert T. Holt (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Minnesota, 1958). Both of these books are incomplete inside accounts because they were written while RFE was still a CIA covert operation, and the books contain no references to that connection. Former Radio Liberty Executive Gene Sosin's book, Sparks of Liberty (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999) covers only Radio Liberty
- 1986 . Historical Journal of Film, Radio, and Television Quoted in John Lodeesen, “Radio Liberty (Munich): Foundation for a History,” 6.2 (: 197. General Lucius Clay ultimately became the National Chairman of the Crusade for Freedom and later of Radio Free Europe's board of directors. In that capacity, he did a great deal to build and preserve RFE's freedom from Washington's bureaucratic meddling
- Tyson , L. 1983 . U.S. International Broadcasting and National Security New York : Ramapo Press . See James 12–14
- 1994 . CIA Cold War Records: The CIA under Harry Truman Washington , D.C. : CIA . A photocopy of this directive can be found in Michael Warner, ed., 175–77 [”Psychological Operations, NSC 4-A”]. Also, see Memorandum [NSC 4-A], Executive Secretary (Souers) to the Members of the National Security Council, 9 December 1947, Washington, Document 253 in “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment” (Washington: Department of State URL: http://www.state.gov/www.about-state/history).
- CIA Cold War Records Memorandum, DCI Hillenkoetter, “Additional functions of Office of Special Operations,” Warner, 195
- Foreign Relations of the United State, 1945–1950 Memorandum, the Assistant Director for Policy Coordination (Wisner) to the Director of Central Intelligence Hillenkoetter, “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment,” Document 306, in
- 4 May 1948 . “Policy Planning Staff Memorandum,” Document 269, “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment.”
- Ibid
- Ibid
- 1948 . Foreign Relations of the United States 428 Washington , D.C. : Department of State .
- Warner . CIA Cold War Records 213 – 16 . (full text of NSC 10/2)
- Ibid., 215–16
- Ibid., 216
- Ibid., 214
- 1995 . The Very Best Men—Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the CIA New York : Simon & Schuster . See full details of Wisner's experiences in Romanian in Evan Thomas
- Grose , Peter . 1994 . Gentleman Spy: The Life of Allen Dulles 300 Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press . “RFE was one of the projects in which Dulles was especially interested…,” claimed Wayne G. Jackson in his “Allen Welsh Dulles as Director of Central Intelligence, 26 February 1953–29 November 1961,” CIA Historical Staff, Volume 3: Covert Activities (July 1973): 102
- 30 June 1948 . Memorandum, the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan) to the Under Secretary of State (Lovett), Washington, Document 294, “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment.”
- 4 August 1948 . CIA Cold War Records Memorandum Hillenkoetter for the Record, in Warner, 217
- 1 October 1948 . Letter, Acting Secretary of State Lovett to Secretary of Defense Forrestal, Washington, Document 301, “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment.”
- 13 October 1948 . Letter, Secretary of Defense Forrestal to Acting Secretary of State Lovett, Washington, Document 304, “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment.”
- 29 October 1948 . Memorandum, the Assistant Director for Policy Coordination (Wisner) to Director of Central Intelligence Hillenkoetter, Washington, Document 306, “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment.”
- 6 January 1949 . Memorandum, the Director of the Policy Planning Staff, Department of State (Kennan) to the Assistant Director for Policy Coordination, Central Intelligence Agency (Wisner), Washington, Document 308, “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment.”
- America's Other Voice National Committee for a Free Europe, Press Release, quoted in Mickleson, 19
- 1 June 1949 . Memorandum, the Assistant Director for Policy Coordination, Central Intelligence Agency (Wisner) to Members of His Staff, Washington, Document 310, “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment.”
- 1948 . The small, 7% kilowatt powered, short-wave transmitter nicknamed “Barbara” had been obtained from government surplus equipment, presumably from that stockpiled by the CIA's SPG, in early and positioned on a flat-bed truck near Lampertheim, Germany
- 18 June 1948 . Memorandum, Director of Central Intelligence Hillenkoetter to the Chief of Naval Operations (Denfeld), Washington, Document 293, “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment.”
- Warner . CIA Cold War Records 217
- 18 June 1948 . CIA Cold War Records National Security Council Directive on Office of Special Projects, NSC 10/2, Washington. The full text of this directive can be found in Warner, 213–16, and Document 292, “Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment.”
- Ibid
- Michie , Allan A. 1963 . Voice Through the Curtain: The Radio Free Europe Story 137 New York : Dodd, Mead & Co. .
- Ibid., 136–41
- 17 September 1954 . “Operation VETO. A Combined Political Warfare Operation: The Printed and Spoken Word,” Free Europe Committee, Free Europe Press, New York Copies of the leaflets are included in this FEC report
- 1954 . Operation FOCUS, Volume 1, “Regime Reaction Through October 31,” and Volume 2, Progress Report, Nov. 1—Nov. 30, 1954, “Operations and Program Summary, Regime Reaction, Refugee Reports, Leaflet Content,” Free Europe Committee, Free Europe Press, New York. Copies of the leaflets are included
- Intermarium Full details of the the Swiatlo case are in L. W. Gluchowski, “The Defection of Jozef Swialto and the Search for Jewish Scapegoats in the Polish United Workers' Party, 1953–1954,”, Columbia University electronic journal of modern East Central European postwar history, URL: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/sipa/REGIONAL/ECE/intermar.html.
- 1965 . Red Pawn Garden City , NJ : Doubleday & Co. . Quoted in Flora Lewis, 239, and Stewart Steven, Operation Splinter Factor (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1974), 208. These books also offer different versions of the Swiatlo defection
- 1955 . “The Inside story of the Bezpieka and the Party: Jozef Swiatlo Reveals the Secrets of the Party, the Regime, and the Security Services,” March Free Europe Committee files
- 13 March 1955 . “Operation SPOTLIGHT: Regime, Press and Radio, Western Press and Radio and Internal Reactions, 12 Februrary-,” Free Europe Committee, Free Europe Press, New York (March 1955), 3