References
- Leviero , Anthony . 21 May 1947 . “Army's World Intelligence Ring Reported Halted by New Agency,” . In The New York Times 1 The source for this item was probably former Army officer John V. Grombach, who had built a wartime intelligence network under US Army auspices and was then in the midst of a long and ultimately futile campaign to restore official recognition and funding for his activities
- 27 August 1945 . Foreign Relations of the United States 94 – 100 . OSS's Research and Analysis Branch went to the State Department, becoming the short-lived Interim Research and Intelligence Service (IRIS). The phrase “salvage and liquidation” appeared in Donald C. Stone, assistant director for administrative management, Bureau of the Budget, to Harold Smith, director, “Termination of the Office of Strategic Services and the Transfer of its Activities to the State and War Departments,” reproduced in Department of State, 1945–1950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment (Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1996), 22–23 (hereafter cited as FRUS). The secretary of war's command to maintain the remnant of OSS “as a unit” reporting to the assistant secretary of war is in Robert P. Patterson to John Magruder, 27 September 1945, “334 OSS,” “Strategic Services Unit” folder, Box 649, Records of the Army Staff, Decimal File 1941–48, Record Group (RG) 319, National Archives (NA), Washington, D.C. When mentioned at all in the secondary literature, SSU is usually treated (not without justice) as a way station between OSS and CIA. Reflection on SSU remains sparse because of the Unit's brief existence, its shifting and confusing organizational structure, and the continuing classification of portions of its operational records. The best compilation of relevant documents is the above-mentioned Foreign Relations volume. CIA historian Arthur B. Darling sketched perhaps the fullest biography of the organization in his 1953 study, subsequently declassified and published as The Central Intelligence Agency: An Instrument of Government, to 1950 (University Park: Pennsylvania State Univerisity Press, 1990), see pp
- Magruder , John . 9 October 1945 . FRUS director, Strategic Services Unit, to John J. McCloy, assistant secretary of war, “Strategic Services Unit as of 1 October 1945,” reprinted in, 237–42. John Magruder to S. Leroy Irwin, interim activities director, War Department, “Assets of SSU for Peacetime Intelligence Procurement,” 15 January 1946, in Michael Warner, ed., The CIA under Harry Truman (Washington, D.C.: CIA History Staff, 1994), 23. Magruder listed the ten services as “the British, French, Belgian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Siamese, and Indo-Chinese”; the four neutrals were the services of the Swiss, the Swedes, the Spanish, and the Turks
- 1991 . Buffalo Bill Remembers: Truth and Courage Fowlerville , MI : Wilderness Adventure Books . William W. Quinn, 240
- 1946 . FRUS CIG, “Report of Survey of Strategic Services Unit under CIG Directive number 1” [hereafter cited as Fortier Report], 14 March reprinted in, 259
- FRUS S. Leroy Irwin, interim activities director, War Department, to John J. McCloy, “Tentative Plan for Disposition of Strategic Services Unit,” 28 January 1946, reprinted in, 250. SSU Staff Meeting Minutes, 29 November 1945, Entry 180, Folder 1268, Roll 112, Microfilm M1642, Records of the Office of Strategic Services, RG 226, NA
- FRUS Souers commissioned the Fortier team in CIG Directive number 1, “Survey of the Activities of the Strategic Services Unit,” of 19 February 1946; see, 225
- The Central Intelligence Agency Beside the chairman, the Fortier Board comprised: Samuel Klaus, Department of State; Col. S.P. Walker of the War Department's Military Intelligence Division; Capt. Thomas F. Cullen, Office of Naval Intelligence; and Col. R.H. Boberg, Army Air Force (A-2). The transcript of the Board's sessions is Strategic Services Unit, “Fact Finding Board—Minutes of Meetings,” February-March 1946, Entry 180, Frames 1015ff. Roll 1, Microfilm M1642, RG 226, NA. CIA veteran Walter Pforzheimer, who briefly shared an office with Fortier in CIG, added some pithy personal comments about him in Darling, 116–17
- As a measure of SSU's candor with Fortier, X-2 officers even mentioned that their branch had made use of Ultra—the super-secret Allied ability to read German machine ciphers—in briefings for the full Fortier team. The detailed briefing for team member Samuel Klaus in X-2's offices may well have discussed Ultra's content and the use of signals intelligence in clandestine operations, but no record of these sessions has been found
- “Fact Finding Board—Minutes of Meetings,” minutes of 20 February 1946 afternoon session, 2, 10
- 20 February 1946 . Ibid, minutes of morning session, 4, 9
- Ibid., undated session with Whitney Shepardson of SI, 6, 7, 10
- Ibid., 15–16
- 20 February 1946 . Ibid., minutes of session on Communications, 1, 12
- 6 March 1946 . Ibid., minutes of session, 11
- Ibid., undated briefing by Stephen Penrose on “Operations Techniques,” 6
- FRUS Fortier Report, reprinted in, 262–63
- Ibid, 266–67, 270
- Ibid, 267
- 2 April 1946 . FRUS The NIA served as President Truman's advisors on intelligence mattersd, and comprised the secretaries of state, war, and navy, plus his personal representative, Admiral William Leahy of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; they met together as the National Intelligence Authority; see National Intelligence Authority Directive 4, “Policy on Liquidation of the Strategic Services Unit,” reprinted in, 272
- The Central Intelligence Agency , 99 Darling, 115, 118–19
- 20 February 1946 . SSUd, “Fact Finding Board—Minutes of Meetings,” minutes of a.m., 1