References
- As to the number of personnel working for the General Staff and the number of officers in Department IIIb, see Appendix I
- Oberarchivrat As to the creation, the tasks and reorganizations of the Deputy General Staff in the course of World War 1 and thereafter, see the comprehensive study by the retired Major and titled archivist Stoeckel, Introduction to the Organization of the Deputy General Staff from 1937; PH 3/310, Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv Freiburg iBr. (BA-MA). In the following, with regard to the period after the onset of hostilities in 1914, ‘Department IIIb’ refers to the one of the Deputy General Staff in Berlin rather than to the Department IIIb of the Field Forces that was headed by Major (later Lieutenant Colonel) Walter Nicolai
- For biographical information on Brose, see—besides my book published in 2006—the previously mentioned study PH 3/310 as well as the personnel file “Brose,”: MSg 109/10857, BA-MA
- Regarding the staff of Department IIIb, an important source is the telephone directory and the “quarterlist,” PH 3/397, BA-MA
- For example, on 11 May 1916, Major Koenemann requested a suitable younger war veteran in order to “follow up on technical problems relating to crypto systems.” The man was to fill a new position supporting the intelligence officer of AOK 5. PH 3/602, BA-MA
- Female clerks included the stenographer Frieda Granzow, who worked for counterespionage. She was the daughter of a rail engineer and lived at Graunstrasse 4 in Berlin. Since 16 December 1916 she had been employed by the secret service for initially 150 and later 170 Marks per month (ca. €850)
- Miss Margarete Voss, who lived at Auguste-Viktoria-Strasse 7 in Berlin-Grunewald, was a volunteer at the accounting office of Department IIIb
- See PH 3/310, BA-MA
- “Quarterlist” and “Gempp-Bericht,” RW 5 v. 49, 98–101, BA-MA
- 77 As to Humbert see file HA I Rep. tit. 8 Bd. 12 in Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz Berlin-Dahlem (GStA)
- Since 1908 he had served as intelligence officer of the VI army corps, operating against Russia from the town of Breslau in Silesia
- However . one of the members of Friderici's staff “accidentally” came across the notebook of a Russian intelligence officer in 1914. As a result, the Russian spy Kasimir Slivinski was arrested. He was originally Polish and served as private first class in the German air force
- “Gempp-Bericht” RW 5 v.43, 108–109, BA-MA
- Ruben had a reputation for being a specialist for interrogating Russian war prisoners
- ”Eindrücke aus der fremden Presse in den letzten 14 Tagen” This title was used only starting on 25 August 1915. The initial title was “impressions from the foreign press in the course of the past two weeks”
- PH 3/602, 90, BA-MA
- Ibid., 92
- In he mid-1990s I was so fortunate to discover in a second-hand bookshop in Berlin a “privatized” E.d.A. from 1918 dealing with the Russian press. The author was an officer of Department IIIb in Berlin, probably the Saxon Captain Ulbricht
- See headings of the documents in question
- For example, in contrast to the E.d.A., the “Politische Nachrichten” (political news) no. 7 of 10 July 1917 had little of interest to tell. The issue was published by the intelligence officer of AOK 4, who apparently did not have access to E.d.A.; see PH 3/356, BA-MA
- 1954 . Wege, Umwege, Weggenossen—Lebenserinnerungen eines Balten 1876–1950 Munich : Winkler . See the memoirs of Wolfgang Wachtsmuth, a German from the Baltic who was involved in examining the Russian press and who at the time was still a Russian (!) citizen: (132. It appears that Wachtsmuth himself was not aware of the fact that he was actually working for a German intelligence service
- 1915 . E.d.A. from 17 November
- 2001 . “ Nachtigal ” . In Die Murmanbahn: die Verkehrsanbindung eines kriegswichtigen Hafens und das Arbeitspotiential der Kriegsgefangenen Grunbach : Greiner . See Reinhard. (1915 bis 1918) 65
- 1999 . Westpreußen-Jahrbuch Vol. 56 , As regards Russian military intelligence activities, see my above-mentioned book on the German military intelligence service between 1890 and 1914 and my essay “Zum militärischen und zivilen Brieftaubenwesen in der Provinz Westpreußen in den Jahren von 1889–1914,” in, Vol. (Münster: 2006). For the war years 1915 to 1917 see also the informative essay by V. M. Gilensen, “Sifrovki iz Kopenhagena” (ciphered messages from Copenhagen), in “Voenno- Istoriceskij Žurnal,” 3 (: 35–43
- 2005 . Bochumer Jahrbücher zur Ostasienforschung Colonel Raša had collected military intelligence in Tokyo already before the outbreak of the Russian-Japanese War in 1904/05. J. Schmidt, “Der russische militärische Nachrichtendienst während des russisch-japanischen Krieges in der Mandschurei und zur See,” in 25 (: 111–29
- 1914 . Potozkij was of Polish origin (his name was actually “Potocki”). Since March he had been Russian Military Attaché in Belgium and in July 1914 was appointed for the same position in Germany, as his predecessor there, Colonel Basarov, had to be recalled because of an espionage incident. However, with the onset of the war, Potozkij acted from Denmark until in 1917 he was eventually appointed Military Attaché in Copenhagen. After the Russian Revolution the Major General did not return to Russia. He died in 1954 in Copenhagen. He donated his personal archives to the Hoover Institute of the University of California in 1946. M. Alekseev, “Voennaja raszvedka Rossii,” part 2, Moscow (1998): 495–96
- Vol. 12 , 77 For details of the Frandsen case see GStA HA I Rep. tit. 872 No. 8 Vol
- Vol. 12 , 77 For details of the Liander case see GStA HA I Rep. tit. 872 No. 8 Vol
- Könemann was a German who lived in Sweden. He was arrested he next time he traveled to Germany, however, he eventually was discharged for a lack of evidence
- Vol. 12 , 77 For details of the Plambeck case see GStA HA I Rep. tit. 872 No. 8 Vol
- Following information is from PH 3/310, 133, BA-MA