1,090
Views
50
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research

Social integration in modern sport: Commercial fitness centres and voluntary sports clubs

Pages 95-115 | Published online: 18 Apr 2008

References

  • Aftenposten (Newspaper), retrieved June 4, 2003: http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/sport/article.jhtml?articlelD=556967 (http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/sport/article.jhtml?articlelD=556967)
  • Allison , L. 1998 . Sport and Civil Society. . Political Studies , 46 : 709 – 726 .
  • Barth , E. and Røed , M. 2001 . “ Norway ” . In Education and Earnings in Europe. A Cross Country Analysis of the Returns to Education. , Edited by: Harmon , C. , Walker , I. and Westergard‐Nielsen , N. Edward‐Elgar Publishing .
  • Bauman , Z. 2000 . Liquid Modernity. , Cambridge : Polity Press .
  • Beck , U. 1997 . Risikosamfundet ‐ på vej mod en ny modernitet. , Edited by: Rasborg , Klaus . German : Risikogesellschaft. Hans Reitzel Forlag .
  • Biddle , S. J. H. and Baily , C. I. A. 1985 . Motives for Participation and Attitudes Toward Physical activity of Adult Participants in Fitness Programs . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 61 : 831 – 834 .
  • Brint , S. 2001 . Gemeinschaft Revisited: A Critique and Reconstruction of the Community Concept . Sociological theory , 19 ( 1 ) : 1 – 23 .
  • Bourdieu , P. 1978 . “ Sport and Social Class ” . In Social Science Information , Vol. 17 , Sage : London . (6)
  • Bourdieu , P. 1987 . What Makes a Social Class? On the Theoretical and Practical Existence of Groups . Berkley Journal of Sociology; , 32 Berkley California
  • Burns , N. , Schlozman , K. L. and Verba , S. 2001 . The Private Roots of Public Action. Gender, Equality, and Political Participation. , Harvard University Press .
  • Coakley , J. 2001 . Sport in Society. Issues and Controversies. , Seventh edition , McGraw‐Hill Higher Education .
  • Council of Europe . 1995 . The significance of sport for society, health, socialisation, economy. , Strasbourg, France : Committee for the Development of Sport, Council of Europe Press .
  • Damsgaard , K. 1997 . Idretten ‐ folkebevegelse og folkeforlystelse? [Sport ‐ Popular Movement or Popular Entertainment?] , Statens idrettskonferanse Norway : Trondheim .
  • Diani , M. 1995 . Green Networks. , Edinburgh, Scotland : Edinburgh University Press .
  • Elling , A. and De Knop , P. 2001 . The Social Integrative Meaning of Sport: A Critical and Comparative Analysis of Policy and Practice in the Netherlands . Sociology of Sport Journal. , 18 ( 4 )
  • Ellingsæter , A. L. and Gulbrandsen , L. 2003 . Barnehagen ‐ fra selektivt til universelt velferdsgode. [The Daycare Center ‐ From a Targeted to a Universal Benefit]
  • Elster , J. 1989 . The Cement of Society. A Study of Rational Order. , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Elster , J. 1993 . Political Psychology. , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Enjolras , B. 2001 . Kommersialisering av norske frivillige idrettslag. [Commercialisation of Norwegian Voluntary Sport Organisations] . Sosiologi i dag , 31 ( 1 ) Oslo, Norway, Novus Forlag
  • Enjolras , B. and Seippel , Ø . 2001 . Norske idrettslag 2000. [Norwegian Sports clubs 2000] , Vol. 4 , Oslo, Norway : Institute for Social Research Report . 2001
  • Giddens , A. 1991 . Modernity and Self‐Identity. Self and Society in Late Modern Age. , Cambridge : Polity Press .
  • Gough , R. W. 1997 . Character Is Everything. , Fort Worth : Harcourt Brace College Publishers .
  • Granovetter , M. S. 1973 . The Strength of Weak Ties . American Journal of Sociology , 78 ( 6 ) : 1360 – 1380 .
  • Guttmann , A. 1978 . From Ritual to Record. The Nature of Modern Sports. , New York : Columbia University Press .
  • Habermas , J. 1992 . Autonomy and Solidarity: Interviews with Jûrgen Habermas. , London : Verso .
  • Harris , J. C. 1998 . Civil Society, Physical Activity, and the Involvement of Sport Sociologists in the Preparation of Physical Activity Professionals . Sociology of Sport Journal , 15 : 138 – 153 .
  • Hechter , M. 1987 . Principles of Group Solidarity. California series on social choice and political economy; 11 , Berkley : University of California Press .
  • Hirschman , A. O. 1982 . Shifting Involvements. Private Interest and Public Action. , Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press .
  • Lin , N. 2001 . Social Capital. , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Mathes , S. A. and Battista , R. 1985 . College Mens and Womens Motives for Participation in Physical Activity . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 61 (3) : 719 – 726 .
  • Ministry of Cultural. Affairs . 1999‐2000 . “ Idrettslivet i endring. Om statens forhold til idrett og fysisk aktivitet. Stortingsmelding nr. 14. [Changes in Sport. On the Governments Relation to Sport and Physical Activity. Parliamentary Report No. 14] ” . Norway : Oslo .
  • Morgan , W. J. 1994 . Leftist Theories of Sport. , Urbana : University of Illinois Press .
  • Norwegian Olympic Committee and Confederation of Sports (NOC), retrieved June 4, 2003: http://www.nif.idrett.no/t2.asp (http://www.nif.idrett.no/t2.asp)
  • NOVA‐report 24. Oslo, Norway.
  • Paxton , P. 1999 . Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assessment . American Journal of Sociology , 105 : 88 – 127 .
  • Portes , A. 1998 . Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology . Annual Review of Sociology , 24 : 1 – 24 .
  • Putnam , R. D. 1993 . Making Democracy Work. , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
  • Putnam , R. D. 2000 . Bowling Alone , New York : Simon & Schuster .
  • Putnam , R. D. 2002 . “ Introduction ” . In Democracies in Flux. , Edited by: Putnam , R. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Ramsøy , O. 1963 . Social Groups as Systems and Subsystems. , New York : The Free Press of Glencoe .
  • Sartre , J. P. 1967 . Politiske skrifter. [Political texts] , Oslo, Norway : Pax .
  • Sassatelli , R. 2001 . “ Bridging Health and Beauty. A Critical Perspective on Keep‐Fit Culture ” . Women's Bodies Edited by: Boswell , G. and Poland , F. London : MacMillan Press .
  • Schiefloe , M. 1997 . Sosiale nettverk: innføring I sosiologi. [Social Networks: an Introduction in Sociology] , Dragvoll : Allforsk .
  • Schuessler , A. A. 2000 . A Logic of Expressive Choice. , Princeton University Press .
  • Seippel , Ø. 2002 . Idrett og sosial integrasjon [Sport and Social Integration] , Institute for Social Research Report 9:2002 Oslo : Norway .
  • Snow , D. A. , Zurcher , L. A. and Ekland‐Olson , S. 1980 . Social Networks and Social Movements: A Microstructural Approach to Differential Recruitment . American Sociological Review , 45 ( 5 ) : 787 – 801 .
  • Statistics Norway, retrieved December 8, 2003: http://www.ssb.no/emner/06/01/akuovertid/tab‐2003‐08‐04‐01.html and http://www.ssb.no/emner/06/01/akuovertid/ tab‐2003‐08‐04‐03.html (http://www.ssb.no/emner/06/01/akuovertid/tab‐2003‐08‐04‐01.html and http://www.ssb.no/emner/06/01/akuovertid/ tab‐2003‐08‐04‐03.html)
  • Steen‐Johnsen , K. 2002 . Identitetskonstruksjon og sosial forankring innenfor rammen av organisent fysisk aktivitet [Social Embeddings and Construction of Identity, In Organised Physical Activity.] . Paper presented at the Norwegian Research Council's seminar on Sport, Society and Civil Society 6.‐7 . 2002 . mai. Retrieved June 4, 2003, from: http://www.bi.no/nfr/isforg/
  • Stevenson , C. L. and Nixon , J. E. 1972 . A Conceptual Scheme on the Social Functions of Sport. . Sportwissenschaft , 2 : 119 – 132 .
  • Stolle , D. 1998 . Bowling Together, Bowling Alone: The Development of Generalized Trust in Voluntary Associations. . Political Psychology , 19 : 497 – 525 .
  • The Norwegian Olympic Committee and Confederation of Sports & Ministry of Cultural Affairs . 2003 . “ Tilstandsrapport 2003 om idrett og fysisk aktivitet i Norge. [Report on Sport and Physical Activity in Norway.] ” . Oslo, Norway : Akilles .
  • Turner , B. S. and Rojek , C. 2001 . “ Society and Culture: Principles of scarcity and Solidarity ” . In Theory, Culture & Society. , London : Sage .
  • Tönnies , F. 1988 . “ Community and Society: (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft). [Translated by Carles P. Loomis] ” . New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Publishers . Reprint
  • Udéhn , L. 1993 . Twenty‐five Years with The Logic of Collective Action . Acta Sociologica , 36 : 239 – 261 . (1993)
  • Uslaner , E. M. 1999 . “ Democracy and Social Capital ” . In Democracy and Trust. , Edited by: Warren , M. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Ulseth , A. L. 2002 . “ Rekreasjon eller prestasjon? Kvinner og menns begrunnelser for å trene. ” . In Idrettens bevegelser. Sosiologiske studier av idrett i et moderne samfunn. [Recreation or Achievement? Women's and Men's Reasons for Training , Edited by: Seippel , Ø. Oslo, Norway : Novus Forlag . Movements in Sport: Sociological Studies of Sport in Modernity.]
  • Ulseth , A. L. 2003 . “ Treningssenter og idrettslag. Konkurrerende eller supplerende treningstilbud? [Fitness Centres and Sports clubs. Competing or Supplementing. Offers?] ” . Institute for Social Research Report 2003:2 Norway : Oslo .
  • Vaage , O. F. 2000 . Kultur‐ og fritidsaktiviteter. Om idrett og friluftsliv, musikk, lesing og andre kulturaktiviteter. [Culture‐ and Leisure Activities. On Sport and Outdoor Life, Music, Reading and other Cultural Activities] , Statistical Analysis, Statistics Norway .
  • Warren , M. E. 2001 . Democracy and Association. , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
  • Whyte , W. F. 1993 . Street Corner Society. The Social Structure of an Italian Slum. , 4. ed. , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Wrong , D. H. 1994 . The Problem of Order: What Unites and Divides Society? , New York : The Free Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.