Considering coopetition strategies in sport tourism networks: a look at the nonprofit nautical sports clubs on the northern coast of France

References

• Alexander, J. (2000). Adaptive strategies of nonprofit human service organizations in an era of devolution and new public management. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 10, 287–303. 10.1002/nml.10305
   Google Scholar
• Andreasen, A. R. (1996). Profits for nonprofits: Find a corporate partner. Harvard Business Review, 74(6), 47–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrew, D. P. S., Pedersen, P. M., & McEvoy, C. D. (2011). Research methods and design in sport management. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Babiak, K. (2003). Examining partnerships in amateur sport: The case of a Canadian National Sport Centre. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of British Columbia.
   Google Scholar
• Babiak, K. (2007). Determinants of interorganizational relationships. Journal of Sport Management, 21, 338–376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes, M., Cousens, L., & MacLean, J. (2007). From silos to synergies: A network perspective of the Canadian sport system. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 2, 555–571. 10.1504/IJSMM.2007.013967
   Google Scholar
• Barney, J. B. (1986). Types of competition and the theory of strategy: Toward an integrative framework. Academy of Management Review, 11, 791–800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayeux, P. (2005). Les relations entre collectivités territoriales et clubs sportifs [Relationships between local public powers and sports clubs]. Voiron: Presses Universitaires du Sport.
   Google Scholar
• Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (1999). Cooperation and competition in relationships between competitors in business networks. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 14, 178–194. 10.1108/08858629910272184
   Google Scholar
• Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2000). Coopetition in business networks – To cooperate and compete simultaneously. Industrial Marketing Management, 29, 411–426. 10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00067-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalip, L. (2004). Beyond impact: A general model for sport event leverage. In B. W. Ritchie & D. Adair (Eds.), Sport tourism: Interrelationships, impacts and issues (pp. 226–252). Tonawanda, NY: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Contractor, F. J., & Lorange, P. (1988). Cooperative strategies in international business. Boston, MA: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Dagnino, G., & Gnyawali, D. (2009). Coopetition strategy: Current issues and future research directions. Reading, PA: Academy of Management, Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Dagnino, G., & Padula, G. (2002, May). Coopetition strategy: A new kind of inter-firm dynamics for value creation. Paper presented at the EURAM conference, Stockholm, Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Dagnino, G., & Rocco, E. (2009). Coopetition strategy. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Diallo, I., & Chazaud, P. (2007). L'oubli des adhérents dans la gouvernance des organisations sportives: le cas des clubs amateurs [Forgetting the members in sporting organizations' governance: The case of amateurs' clubs]. In E. Bayle & P. Chantelat (Eds.), La Gouvernance des Organisations Sportives [The governance of sporting organizations] (pp. 233–239). Paris: L'Harmattan.
   Google Scholar
• Dowling, M. J., Roering, W. D., Carlin, B. A., & Wisnieski, J. (1996). Multifaceted relationships under coopetition. Description and theory. Journal of Management Inquiry, 5, 155–167. 10.1177/105649269652008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dussauge, P., Garrette, B., & Mitchell, W. (2000). Learning from competing partners: Outcomes and durations of scale and link alliances in Europe, North America and Asia. Strategic Management Journal, 21(2), 99–126. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200002)21:2<99::AID-SMJ80>3.0.CO;2-G
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 4, 660–679.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. The Academy of Management Review, 14, 532–550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.
   Google Scholar
• Hakansson, H., & Snehota, I. (1995). Developing relationships in business networks. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Haschar-Noe, N. (1997). Les politiques sportives locales et leur management en France: etat des connaissances et des recherches [Local sporting policies and their management in France: Current knowledge and research]. In P. Bouchet & C. Pigeassou (Eds.), Management du sport: actualites, developpements et orientations de la recherche [Sport management: Current affairs, development and orientation of the research] (pp. 227–273). Montpellier: Editions AFRAPS.
   Google Scholar
• Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78, 1360–1380. 10.1086/225469
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horch, H.-D. (1994). Does government financing have a detrimental effect on the autonomy of voluntary associations? Evidence from German sports clubs. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 29, 269–285. 10.1177/101269029402900303
   Google Scholar
• Ireland, R. D., Hitt, M. A., & Vaidyanath, D. (2002). Alliance management as a source of competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 28, 413–466. 10.1177/014920630202800308
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworski, B., & Kohli, A. K. (2006). Co-creating the voice of the customer. In R. F. Lusch & S. L. Vargo (Eds.), The Service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate and directions (pp. 109–117). New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
   Google Scholar
• Kouwenhoven, V. (1993). The rise of the public—private partnership: A model for the management of public—private cooperation. In J. Kooiman (Ed.), Modern governance: New government—society interactions (pp. 119–129). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kylanen, M., & Rusko, R. (2011). Unintentional coopetition in the service industries: The case of Pyha-Luosto tourism destination in the Finnish Lapland. European Management Journal, 29, 193–205. 10.1016/j.emj.2010.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lado, A., Boyd, N., & Hanlon, S. (1997). Competition, cooperation, and the search for economic rents: A syncretic model. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 110–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamberg, J.-A., & Laurila, J. (2005). Materializing the societal effect: Organizational forms and changing patterns of dominance in paper industry. Organization Studies, 26, 809–830. 10.1177/0170840605059158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorgnier, N. (2012). Growth strategies of supply and statutory differences: The case of water sports centers of the Opal Coast. Sciences et Techniques des Activites Physiques et Sportives, 95, 43–54.
   Google Scholar
• Lorgnier, N., Penel, G., & Mikulovic, J. (2007). The role of local governments in the development of sport tourism: A sustainable prospect? Paper presented at the Congres International de la 3SLF, Valence, France.
   Google Scholar
• Luo, Y. (2004). A coopetition perspective of MNC–host government relations. Journal of International Management, 10, 431–451. 10.1016/j.intman.2004.08.004
   Google Scholar
• Luo, Y. (2007). A coopetition perspective of global competition. Journal of World Business, 42(2), 129–144. 10.1016/j.jwb.2006.08.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLean, J., Cousens, L., & Barnes, M. (2011). Look who's with whom: A case study of one community basketball network. Journal of Sport Management, 25, 562–575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariani, M. M. (2007). Coopetition as an emergent strategy: Empirical evidence from an Italian consortium of opera houses. International Studies of Management & Organization, 37(2), 97–126. 10.2753/IMO0020-8825370205
   Google Scholar
• Mariani, M. M. (2009). Emergent coopetitive and cooperative strategies in inter-organizational relationships: Empirical evidence from Australian and Italian operas. In G. B. Gagnino & E. Rocco (Eds.), Coopetition strategies: Theory, experiments and cases (pp. 166–190). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Maylor, H., & Blackmon, K. (2005). Researching business and management: A road map for success. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Miles, M., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Mintzberg, H. (1979). An emerging strategy of ‘direct’ research. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 580–589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalebuff, B., & Brandenburger, A. (1995, July–August). The right game: Use game theory to shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, pp. 57–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalebuff, B., & Brandenburger, A. (1996). Co-opetition. New York, NY: Doubleday.
   Google Scholar
• Nichols, G., Taylor, R, James, M., Holms, K., King, L., & Garrett, R. (2005). Pressures on the UK voluntary sport sector. Voluntas, 16(1), 33–50. 10.1016/j.emj.2008.04.005
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, C. (1990). Determinants of interorganizational relationships: Integration and future directions. Academy of Management Review, 15, 241–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ordanini, A., & Pasini, P. (2008). Service co-production and value co-creation: The case for a service-oriented architecture (SOA). European Management Journal, 26, 289–297. 10.1016/j.emj.2008.04.005
   Google Scholar
• Padula, G., & Dagnino, G. B. (2007). Untangling the rise of coopetition: The intrusion of competition in a cooperative game structure. International Studies of Management and Organization, 37(2), 32–52. 10.2753/IMO0020-8825370202
   Google Scholar
• Penel, G., Lorgnier, N., Mikulovic, J., & Bui-Xuân, G. (2005). Diagnostic socioéconomique des sports de nature sur le littoral Côte d'Opale [Socioeconomic diagnostics of sports in the great outdoors on the littoral of the Opal Coast]. RELACS-DRDJS de Lille, unpublished report.
   Google Scholar
• Pigeassou, C., & Garrabos, C. (1997). Management des organisations de services sportifs [Management of organizations in sports services]. Paris: Press Universitaire de France.
   Google Scholar
• Plé, L., & Cáceres, R. C. (2010). Not always co-creation: Introducing interactional co-destruction of value in service-dominant logic. Journal of Services Marketing, 24, 430–437. 10.1108/08876041011072546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage. New York, NY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, W. W. (1990). Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organization. In B. Straw & L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (pp. 295–336). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Inter-organizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1), 116–145. 10.2307/2393988
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prévot, F. (2007). Coopétition et management des compétences [Coopetition and competences management]. Revue Française de Gestion [French Review of Administration], 33, 183–202. 10.3166/rfg.176.183-202
   Google Scholar
• Provan, K. G., Veazie, M. A., Staten, L. K., & Teufel-Shone, N. I. (2005). The use of network analysis to strengthen community partnerships. Public Administration Review, 65, 603–613. 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00487.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintana-García, C., & Benavides-Velasco, C. A. (2004). Cooperation, competition, and innovative capability: A panel data of European dedicated biotechnology firms. Technovation, 24, 927–938. 10.1016/S0166-4972(03)00060-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritala, P., Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P., & Blomqvist, K. (2009). Tug of war in innovation – Coopetitive service development. International Journal of Services Technology and Management, 12, 255–272. 10.1504/IJSTM.2009.025390
   Google Scholar
• Robert, F., Marques, P., & Le Roy, F. (2009). Coopetition between SMEs: An empirical study of French professional football. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 8(1), 23–43. 10.1504/IJESB.2009.024103
   Google Scholar
• Roussin Isett, K., & Provan, K. G. (2005). The evolution of dyadic interorganizational relationships in a network of publicly funded nonprofit agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15, 149–165. 10.1093/jopart/mui008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmonds, B. (2000). Trends in public/private sector partnerships. Journal of Leisure Property, 1(1), 66–74. 10.1057/palgrave.rlp.5090107
   Google Scholar
• Sharpe, E. (2003). “It's not fun anymore”: A case study of organizing a contemporary grassroots recreation organization. Society and Leisure, 26, 43–452.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, S., & Allen, J. B. (2006). “It basically is a fairly loose arrangement … and that works out fine, really.” Analysing the dynamics of an interorganizational partnership. Sport Management Review, 9, 203–228. 10.1016/S1441-3523(06)70026-2
   Google Scholar
• Sheth, J. N., & Sisodia, R. S. (1999). Revisiting marketing's generalisations. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 27(1), 71–87. 10.1177/0092070399271006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shilbury, D. (2012). Competition: The heart and soul of sport management. Journal of Sport Management, 26(1), 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow, C., Miles, R., & Coleman, H. (1992). Managing 21st century networks organizations. Organizational Dynamics, 20(3), 5–20. 10.1016/0090-2616(92)90021-E
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobry, C. (2005). Le tourisme sportif [Sport tourism]. Lille, France: Presses Universitaires du septentrion.
   Google Scholar
• Staber, U. (1998). Interfirm co-operation and competition in industrial districts. Organization Studies, 19, 701–724. 10.1177/017084069801900407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, B., Nicholson, M., & Dickson, G. (2005). The Australian football league's recent progress: A study in cartel conduct and monopoly power. Sport Management Review, 8(2), 95–117. 10.1016/S1441-3523(05)70035-8
   Google Scholar
• Stockdale, S., & Williams, S. (2007). Leading a small business? No, it's a rugby club!. Industrial and Commercial Training, 39, 339–342. 10.1108/00197850710816827
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, A. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thibault, L., & Harvey, J. (1997). Fostering interorganizational linkages in the Canadian sport delivery system. Journal of Sport Management, 11, 45–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tribou, G., & Augé, B. (2006). Management du Sport. Marketing et Gestion des Clubs Sportifs, Paris: Dunod.
   Google Scholar
• Vail, S. E. (1994). Better together: Partnership building between recreation and sport leaders. Recreation Canada, 52(5), 11–14.
   Google Scholar
• Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2008). Service-dominant logic: Continuing the evolution. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Sciences, 36, 1–10. 10.1007/s11747-007-0069-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2011). It's all B2B… and beyond: Toward a systems perspective of the market. Industrial Marketing Management, 40, 181–187. 10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.06.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernhet, A., Auge, B., & Fernandez, A.-S. (2011 September). Dynamics between the French Federation of Rugby (FFR) and the national rugby league (NRL): Competition, cooperation or coopetition? Paper presented at the conference of the European Association of Sport Management, Madrid, Spain.
   Google Scholar
• Walley, K. (2007). Coopetition. International Studies of Management and Organization, 37(2), 11–31. 10.2753/IMO0020-8825370201
   Google Scholar
• Webster, C., & Morrison, P. (2004). Network analysis in marketing. Australasian Marketing Journal, 12, 8–19.
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe, R. A., Usher, J. M., Terborg, J. R., Poppo, L., Murrell, A. J., Dukerich, J. M., Crown Core, D., Dickson, K. E., & Simmons Jourdan, J. (2005). Sport and organizational studies: Exploring synergies. Journal of Management Inquiry, 14, 182–210. 10.1177/1056492605275245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woratschek, H. (2004). Kooperenz im Sportmanagement - Eine Konsequenz der Wertschöpfungslogik von Sportwettbewerben und Ligen [A consequence of the logic value of sporting competitions and leagues]. In K. Zieschang, H. Woratschek, & K. Beier (Eds.), Kooperenz im Sportmanagement [Coopetition in sport management] (pp. 9–29). Munchen, BY: Hofmann GmbH & Co.
   Google Scholar
• Woratschek, H, Horbel, C. & Popp, B. (2012, September). The sport value framework – A new fundamental logic for analyses in sport management. Paper presented at the 20th European Association of Sport Management (EASM) conference, Aalborg.
   Google Scholar
• Woratschek, H., Horbel, C., & Popp, B. (2014). The sport value framework – A new fundamental logic for analyses in sport management. European Sport Management Quarterly, 14(1), 6–24.
   Google Scholar
• Woratschek, H., Roth, S., & Pastowski, S. (2003). Kooperation und Konkurrenz in Dienstleistungsnetzwerken – Eine Analyse am Beispiel des Destinationsmanagements [Cooperation and competition in services networks – an analysis of destination management] (Herbert Woratschek, Stefan Roth, Sven Pastowski). In M. Bruhn & B. Stauss (Eds.), Jahrbuch für Dienstleistungsmanagement [Yearbook of service management] (pp. 253–284). Wiesbaden, Germany: Gabler Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. (2011). Qualitative research from start to finish. New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar