A multilevel analysis of implicit and explicit CSR in French and UK professional sport

References

• Aguilera, R. V., Rupp, D. E., Williams, C. A., & Ganapathi, J. (2007). Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: A multilevel theory of social change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 836–863. doi: 10.5465/amr.2007.25275678
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguinis, H. (2011). Organisational responsibility: Doing good and doing well. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organisational psychology (pp. 855–879). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Amable, B. (2003). The diversity of modern capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anagnostopoulos, C. (2013). “Getting the tactics right”. Implementing CSR in English football. In J.-L. Paramio-Salcines, K. Babiak, & G. Walters (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of sport and corporate social responsibility (pp. 91–104). Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Anagnostopoulos, C., & Shilbury, D. (2013). Implementing corporate social responsibility in English football: Towards multi-theoretical integration. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 3(4), 268–284. doi: 10.1108/SBM-05-2013-0009
   Google Scholar
• Archambault, E. (2017). The evolution of public service provision by the third sector in France. The Political Quarterly, 88(3), 465–472. doi: 10.1111/1467-923X.12393
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babiak, K. (2010). The role and relevance of corporate social responsibility in sport: A view from the top. Journal of Management and Organisation, 16(4), 528–549. doi: 10.1017/S1833367200001917
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babiak, K., & Wolfe, R. (2009). Determinants of corporate social responsibility in professional sport: Internal and external factors. Journal of Sport Management, 23(6), 717–742. doi: 10.1123/jsm.23.6.717
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayle, E. (2005). Institutional changes and transformations in an organisational field: The case of the public/private ‘model’ of French sport. International Journal of Public Policy, 1(1/2), 185–211. doi: 10.1504/IJPP.2005.007798
   Google Scholar
• Berger, A. A. (2000). Semiotic analysis. In A. A. Berger (Ed.), Media and communication research methods (pp. 35–51). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Blindheim, B.-T. (2015). Institutional models of corporate social responsibility: A proposed refinement of the explicit-implicit framework. Business & Society, 54(1), 52–88. doi: 10.1177/0007650312443961
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowen, H. R. (1953). Social responsibilities of the businessman. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Breitbarth, T., & Harris, P. (2008). The role of corporate social responsibility in the football business: Towards the development of a conceptual model. European Sport Management Quarterly, 8(2), 179–206. doi: 10.1080/16184740802024484
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breitbarth, T., Walzel, S., Anagnostopoulos, C., & van Eekeren, F. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and governance in sport: ‘Oh, the things you can find, if you don’t stay behind!’. Corporate Governance, 15(2), 254–273. doi: 10.1108/CG-02-2015-0025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromley, P., Hwang, H., & Powell, W. W. (2012). Decoupling revisited: Common pressures, divergent strategies in the US nonprofit sector. Management, 15(5), 469–501.
   Google Scholar
• Bromley, P., & Powell, W. W. (2012). From smoke and mirrors to walking the talk: Decoupling in the contemporary world. The Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 483–530. doi: 10.5465/19416520.2012.684462
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. A., Clark, C., & Buono, A. F. (2018). The United Nations global compact: Engaging implicit and explicit CSR for global governance. Journal of Business Ethics, 147(4), 721–734. doi: 10.1007/s10551-016-3382-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 946–967. doi: 10.5465/amr.2007.25275684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, A. B. (2008). A history of corporate social responsibility: Concepts and practices. In A. Crane, D. Matten, A. McWilliams, J. Moon, & D. S. Siegel (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility (pp. 19–46). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carson, S. G., Hagen, O., & Sethi, S. P. (2015). From implicit to explicit CSR in a Scandinavian context: The cases of HAG and hydro. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(1), 17–31. doi: 10.1007/s10551-013-1791-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clift, B. (2012). Comparative capitalisms, ideational political economy and French post-dirigiste responses to the global financial crisis. New Political Economy, 17(5), 565–590. doi: 10.1080/13563467.2012.636147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Crilly, D., Zollo, M., & Hansen, M. T. (2012). Faking it or muddling through? Understanding decoupling in response to stakeholder pressures. Academy of Management Journal, 55(6), 1429–1446. doi: 10.5465/amj.2010.0697
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organisational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160. doi: 10.2307/2095101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532–550. doi: 10.5465/amr.1989.4308385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esrock, S. L., & Leichty, G. B. (1998). Social responsibility and corporate web pages: Self-presentation or agenda setting? Public Relations Review, 24(3), 305–319. doi: 10.1016/S0363-8111(99)80142-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• François, A. (2012). CSR practices in French professional sport clubs: Towards a new model of legitimation. (Published PhD Thesis). Université de Bourgogne, France.
   Google Scholar
• François, A., & Bayle, E. (2014). Analyse des pratiques de RSE des clubs sportifs professionnels français [Analysis of French professional clubs CSR initiatives]. Revue de L’Organisation Responsable, 9(2), 5–20. doi: 10.3917/ror.092.0005
   Google Scholar
• François, A., & Bayle, E. (2017). CSR: A new strategic component for European professional football clubs. In N. Chanavat, M. Desbordes, & N. Lorgnier (Eds.), Routledge handbook of football marketing (pp. 196–214). Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Girginov, V. (2017). UK: England – national governing bodies of sport and government agencies. In J. Scheerder, A. Willem, & E. Claes (Eds.), Sport policy systems and sport federations. A cross-national perspective (pp. 283–302). London: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Godfrey, P. C. (2009). Corporate social responsibility in sport: An overview and key issues. Journal of Sport Management, 23(6), 698–716. doi: 10.1123/jsm.23.6.698
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gond, J.-P., El-Akremi, A., Swaen, V., & Babu, N. (2017). The psychological micro-foundations of corporate social responsibility: A systematic and person-centric review. Journal of Organisational Behavior, 38(2), 225–246. doi: 10.1002/job.2170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gond, J.-P., Kang, N., & Moon, J. (2011). The government of self-regulation: On the comparative dynamics of corporate social responsibility. Economy and Society, 40(4), 640–671. doi: 10.1080/03085147.2011.607364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heald, M. (1970). The social responsibilities of business: Company and community. Cleveland: Case Western Reserve University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hiss, S. (2009). From implicit to explicit corporate social responsibility: Institutional change as a fight for Myths. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(3), 433–451. doi: 10.5840/beq200919324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotho, J. J. (2014). From typology to taxonomy: A configurational analysis of national business systems and their explanatory power. Organisation Studies, 35(5), 671–702. doi: 10.1177/0170840613502767
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houlihan, B., & Green, M. (2009). Modernization and sport: The reform of sport England and UK sport. Public Administration, 87(3), 678–698. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9299.2008.01733.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. doi: 10.1177/1049732305276687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2012). What drives corporate social performance? The role of nation-level institutions. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(9), 834–864. doi: 10.1057/jibs.2012.26
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISO. (2010). ISO 26000. Guidance on social responsibility. Geneva: Official Publications of ISO.
   Google Scholar
• Knudsen, J. S., & Moon, J. (2017). Visible hands. Government regulation and international responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ko, L. M., Henry, I., & Tai, W. C. (2013). European models of sport. Governance, organisational change and sports policy in the EU. In I. Henry, & L. M. Ko (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport policy (pp. 117–137). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kolyperas, D., & Sparks, L. (2011). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) communications in the G-25 football clubs. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 10(1/2), 83–103. doi: 10.1504/IJSMM.2011.043612
   Google Scholar
• LFP. (2017a). LFP strategic plan. Paris: Publications de la Ligue de Football Professionnel.
   Google Scholar
• LFP. (2017b). Jouons la collectif ! Etat des lieux des actions sociétales & citoyennes du football professionnel français [Playing as a team! State of play on social and citizen-based initiatives in the French professional football]. Paris: Publications de la Ligue de Football Professionnel.
   Google Scholar
• Lindgreen, A., & Swaen, V. (2010). Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 1–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00277.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LNR. (2016). Strategic plan, 2016–2023. Paris: Publications de la Ligue Nationale de Rugby.
   Google Scholar
• Maignan, I., & Ralston, D. A. (2002). Corporate social responsibility in Europe and the US: Insights from business self-presentations. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(3), 497–514. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matten, D., & Moon, J. (2008). ‘Implicit’ and ‘explicit’ CSR: A conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 404–424. doi: 10.5465/amr.2008.31193458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellor, G. (2008). The Janus-faced sport: English football, community and the legacy of the third Way. Soccer & Society, 9(3), 313–324. doi: 10.1080/14660970802008942
   Google Scholar
• Moon, J., Murphy, L., & Gond, J.-P. (2017). Historical perspectives on corporate social responsibility. In A. Rasche, M. Morsing, & J. Moon (Eds.), Corporate social responsibility: Strategy, communication, governance (pp. 31–62). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, G. (2007). National business systems approach: Progress and prospects. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 23(2), 127–145. doi: 10.1016/j.scaman.2007.02.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, S. (2013). The premier league. A commitment to social responsibility. In J.-L. Paramio-Salcines, K. Babiak, & G. Walters (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of sport and corporate social responsibility (pp. 251–262). Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Orlitzky, M., Louche, C., Gond, J.-P., & Chapple, W. (2017). Unpacking the drivers of corporate social performance: A multilevel, multistakeholder, and multimethod analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 144(1), 21–40. doi: 10.1007/s10551-015-2822-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paramio-Salcines, J.-L., Babiak, K., & Walters, G. (2013). Routledge handbook of sport and corporate social responsibility. Routledge: Oxon.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy and society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 78–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Première Ligue. (2018, February 1). Les clubs de Ligue 1 pour une société de développement [Ligue 1 clubs in favour of a company for development]. Retrieved from http://premiere-ligue.fr/actualites/les-clubs-de-ligue-1-pour-une-societe-de-developpement
   Google Scholar
• Reiche, D. (2014). Drivers behind corporate social responsibility in the professional football sector: A case study of the German Bundesliga. Soccer & Society, 15(4), 472–502. doi: 10.1080/14660970.2013.842877
   Google Scholar
• Responsiball. (2017). Responsiball ranking 2017. The seventh annual social responsibility ranking of international football leagues. Biel: Official publications of Responsiball.
   Google Scholar
• Rosca, V. (2011). Corporate social responsibility in English football: History and present. Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 6(2), 327–346.
   Google Scholar
• Scelles, N. (2017). France: Organisation of sport and policy towards sport federations. In J. Scheerder, A. Willem, & E. Claes (Eds.), Sport policy systems and sport federations. A cross-national perspective (pp. 135–155). London: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt, V. A. (2003). French capitalism transformed, yet still a third variety of capitalism. Economy and Society, 32(4), 526–554. doi: 10.1080/0308514032000141693
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senaux, B. (2011). Playing by the rules … But which ones? Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 1(3), 252–266. doi: 10.1108/20426781111162666
   Google Scholar
• Sheth, H., & Babiak, K. (2010). Beyond the game: Perceptions and practices of corporate social responsibility in the professional sport industry. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(3), 433–450. doi: 10.1007/s10551-009-0094-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slack, R., & Shrives, P. (2008). Social disclosure and legitimacy in premier league football clubs: The first ten years. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 9(1), 17–28. doi: 10.1108/09675420810886105
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. C. T., & Westerbeek, H. M. (2007). Sport as a vehicle for deploying corporate social responsibility. Journal of Corporate Citisenship, 25, 43–54. doi: 10.9774/GLEAF.4700.2007.sp.00007
   Google Scholar
• Spence, L. J. (2007). CSR and small business in a European policy context: The five “C”s of CSR and small business research agenda 2007. Business and Society Review, 112(4), 533–552. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8594.2007.00308.x
   Google Scholar
• Tempel, A., & Walgenbach, P. (2007). Global standardisation of organisational forms and management practices? What new institutionalism and the business-systems approach can learn from each other. Journal of Management Studies, 44(1), 1–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00644.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tixier, M. (2003). Soft vs hard approach in communicating on corporate social responsibility. Thunderbird International Business Review, 45(1), 71–91. doi: 10.1002/tie.10056
   Google Scholar
• Vocasport Research Group. (2004). Vocational education and training in the field of sport in the European Union: Situation, trends and outlook. Lyon: European Observatoire of Sport and Employment.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, M., & Kent, A. (2009). Do fans care? Assessing the influence of corporate social responsibility on consumer attitudes in the sport industry. Journal of Sport Management, 23(6), 743–769. doi: 10.1123/jsm.23.6.743
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, M., & Parent, M. M. (2010). Toward an integrated framework of corporate social responsibility, responsiveness, and citizenship in sport. Sport Management Review, 13(3), 198–213. doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2010.03.003
   Google Scholar
• Walters, G. (2009). Corporate social responsibility through sport. The community sports trust model as a CSR delivery agency. Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 35, 81–94. doi: 10.9774/GLEAF.4700.2009.au.00008
   Google Scholar
• Walters, G., & Chadwick, S. (2009). Corporate citizenship in football: Delivering strategic benefits through stakeholder management. Management Decision, 47(1), 51–66. doi: 10.1108/00251740910929696
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters, G., & Tacon, R. (2010). Corporate social responsibility in sport: Stakeholder management in the UK football industry. Journal of Management and Organisation, 16(4), 566–586. doi: 10.1017/S1833367200001942
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walzel, S. & Robertson, J. (2016, November 23–25). Corporate social responsibility in professional team sport organisations. Paper presented at the SMANNZ Conference, Auckland, New Zealand.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, N. (2000). Football in the community: What's the score? Soccer & Society, 1(1), 114–125. doi: 10.1080/14660970008721253
   Google Scholar
• Whitley, R. (1998). Internationalization and varieties of capitalism: The limited effects of cross-national coordination of economic activities on the nature of business systems. Review of International Political Economy, 5(3), 445–481. doi: 10.1080/096922998347480
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar