A measure of perceived pain and tobacco smoking interrelations: pilot validation of the pain and smoking inventory

References

• Abrams, D. B., Niaura, R., Brown, R. A., Emmons, K. M., Goldstein, M. G., & Monti, P. M. (Eds.). (2011). The tobacco dependence treatment handbook: A guide to best practices. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, T. B., Piper, M. E., McCarthy, D. E., Majeskie, M. R., & Fiore, M. C. (2004). Addiction motivation reformulated: An affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychological Review, 111, 33–51. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. (2014). Current cigarette smoking among adults—United States 2005–2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63, 29–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, MI: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc..
   Google Scholar
• Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334. doi:10.1007/BF02310555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhingra, L. K., Homel, P., Grossman, B., Chen, J., Scharaga, E., Calamita, S., & Portenoy, R. (2013). Ecological momentary assessment of smoking behavior in persistent pain patients. Clinical Journal of Pain, 30, 205–213. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31829821c7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditre, J. W., & Brandon, T. H. (2008). Pain as a motivator of smoking: Effects of pain induction on smoking urge and behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 467–472. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditre, J. W., Brandon, T. H., Zale, E. L., & Meagher, M. M. (2011). Pain, nicotine, and smoking: Research findings and mechanistic considerations. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 1065–1093. doi:10.1037/a0025544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditre, J. W., Heckman, B. W., Butts, E. A., & Brandon, T. H. (2010). Effects of expectancies and coping on pain-induced motivation to smoke. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 524–533. doi:10.1037/a0019568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditre, J. W., Kosiba, J. D., Zale, E. L., Zvolensky, M. J., & Maisto, S. A. (2016). Chronic pain status, nicotine withdrawal, and expectancies for smoking cessation among lighter smokers. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 50, 427–435. doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9769-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditre, J. W., Langdon, K. J., Kosiba, J. D., Zale, E. L., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2015). Relations between pain-related anxiety, tobacco dependence, and barriers to quitting among a community-based sample of daily smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 42, 130–135. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ditre, J. W., Zale, E. L., Kosiba, J. D., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2013). A pilot study of pain-related anxiety and smoking-dependence motives among persons with chronic pain. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21, 443–449. doi:10.1037/a0034174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, P. (2010). Questionnaires in clinical trials: guidelines for optimal design and administration. Trials, 11, 1–8. doi:10.1186/1745-6215-11-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eissenberg, T. (2004). Measuring the emergence of tobacco dependence: The contribution of negative reinforcement models. Addiction, 99(Suppl. 1), 5–29. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00735.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagerstrom, K. (2012). Determinants of tobacco use and renaming the FTND to the Fagerstrom test for cigarette dependence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 14, 75–78. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiore, M. C., Jaen, C. R., Baker, T. B., Bailey, W. C., Benowitz, N. L., Curry, S. J., & Dorfman, S. F. (2008, May). Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Clinical Practice Guideline. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
   Google Scholar
• Goesling, J., Brummett, C. M., & Hassett, A. L. (2012). Cigarette smoking and pain: Depressive symptoms mediate smoking-related pain symptoms. Pain, 153, 1749–1754. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.05.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, L. R., & Velicer, W. F. (2006). Principles of exploratory factor analysis. In S.Strack (Ed.), Differentiating normal and abnormal personality (2nd ed., pp. 209–237). New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Gwaltney, C. J., Shiffman, S., Balabanis, M. H., & Paty, J. A. (2005). Dynamic self-efficacy and outcome expectancies: Prediction of smoking lapse and relapse. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 661–675. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, S. M., Havassy, B. E., & Wasserman, D. A. (1990). Commitment to abstinence and acute stress in relapse to alcohol, opiates, and nicotine. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 175–181.10.1037/0022-006X.58.2.175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartrick, C. T., Kovan, J. P., & Shapiro, S. (2003). The numeric rating scale for clinical pain measurement: A ratio measure? Pain Practice, 3, 310–316. doi:10.1111/j.1530-7085.2003.03034.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heckman, B. W., Kovacs, M. A., Marquinez, N. S., Meltzer, L. R., Tsambarlis, M. E., Drobes, D. J., & Brandon, T. H. (2013). Influence of affective manipulations on cigarette craving: A meta-analysis. Addiction, 108, 2068–2078. doi:10.1111/add.12284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendricks, P. S., & Leventhal, A. M. (2013). Abstinence-related expectancies predict smoking withdrawal effects: Implications for possible causal mechanisms. Psychopharmacology, 230, 363–373. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3169-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendricks, P. S., Wood, S. B., Baker, M. R., Delucchi, K. L., & Hall, S. M. (2011). The smoking abstinence questionnaire: Measurement of smokers’ abstinence-related expectancies. Addiction, 106, 716–728. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03338.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooten, W. M., Vickers, K. S., Shi, Y., Ebnet, K. L., Townsend, C. O., Patten, C. A., & Warner, D. O. (2011). Smoking cessation and chronic pain: patient and pain medicine physician attitudes. Pain Practice, 11, 552–563. doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2011.00462.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, J., & Hatsukami, D. (1986). Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 289–294.10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husten, C. G. (2009). How should we define light or intermittent smoking? Does it matter? Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11, 111–121. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassel, J. D., Stroud, L. R., & Paronis, C. A. (2003). Smoking, stress, and negative affect: Correlation, causation, and context across stages of smoking. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 270–304.10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerns, R. D., Turk, D. C., & Rudy, T. E. (1985). The West Haven-yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Pain, 23, 345–356. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(85)90004-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khantzian, E. J. (1985). The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: Focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 1259–1264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melzack, R. (1987). The short-form McGill pain questionnaire. Pain, 30, 191–197. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)91074-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michna, E., Ross, E. L., Hynes, W. L., Nedeljkovic, S. S., Soumekh, S., Janfaza, D., & Jamison, R. N. (2004). Predicting aberrant drug behavior in patients treated for chronic pain: Importance of abuse history. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 28, 250–258. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2004.04.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orhurhu, V. J., Pittelkow, T. P., & Hooten, W. M. (2015). Prevalence of smoking in adults with chronic pain. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 13, 1–6. doi:10.1186/s12971-015-0042-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, A. L., Gritzner, S., Resnick, M. P., Dobscha, S. K., Turk, D. C., & Morasco, B. J. (2012). Smoking cigarettes as a coping strategy for chronic pain is associated with greater pain intensity and poorer pain-related function. The Journal of Pain, 13, 285–292. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2011.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, K. A., Conklin, C. A., & Levine, M. D. (2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for smoking cessation: A practical guidebook to the most effective treatments. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Piper, M. E., Bolt, D. M., Kim, S. Y., Japuntich, S. J., Smith, S. S., Niederdeppe, J., & Baker, T. B. (2008). Refining the tobacco dependence phenotype using the Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 747–761. doi:10.1037/a0013298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piper, M. E., Piasecki, T. M., Federman, E. B., Bolt, D. M., Smith, S. S., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (2004). A multiple motives approach to tobacco dependence: The Wisconsin inventory of smoking dependence motives (WISDM-68). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 139–154. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.2.139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, C. G., & Ratner, P. A. (2005). A confirmatory factor analysis of the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Addictive Behaviors, 30, 697–709. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.08.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, N. B., Richey, J. A., & Fitzpatrick, K. K. (2006). Discomfort intolerance: Development of a construct and measure relevant to panic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 263–280. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.02.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, Y., Weingarten, T. N., Mantilla, C. B., Hooten, W. M., & Warner, D. O. (2010). Smoking and pain: Pathophysiology and clinical implications. Anesthesiology, 113, 977–992. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181ebdaf9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streiner, D. L., & Norman, G. R. (2008). Health measurment scales: A practical guide to their development and use (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199231881.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Suhr, D. D. (2005). Principal component analysis vs. exploratory factor analysis. Paper presented at the SUGI30, Philadephia, PA. Retrieved from http://www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi30/203-30.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R., & Pivik, J. (1995). The pain catastrophizing scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7, 524–532. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toblin, R. L., Mack, K. A., Perveen, G., & Paulozzi, L. J. (2011). A population-based survey of chronic pain and its treatment with prescription drugs. Pain, 152, 1249–1255. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Korff, M. (2011). Assessment of chronic pain in epidemiological and health services research. In D. C. Turk & R. Melzack (Eds.), Handbook of pain assessment (pp. 455–471). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wills, T. A., & Shiffman, S. (1985). Coping and substance use: A conceptual framework. In T. A. Wills & S. Shiffman (Eds.), Coping and substance use (pp. 3–24). New York, NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zale, E. L., & Ditre, J. W. (2013). Associations between chronic pain status, attempts to quit smoking, and use of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28, 294–299. doi:10.1037/a0032515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zale, E. L., Ditre, J. W., Dorfman, M. L., Heckman, B. W., & Brandon, T. H. (2014). Smokers in pain report lower confidence and greater difficulty quitting. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16, 1272–1276. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zale, E. L., Maisto, S. A., & Ditre, J. W. (2016). Anxiety and depression in bidirectional relations between pain and smoking: Implications for smoking cessation. Behavior Modification, 40, 7–28. doi:10.1177/0145445515610744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zvolensky, M. J., McMillan, K., Gonzalez, A., & Asmundson, G. J. (2009). Chronic pain and cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence among a representative sample of adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11, 1407–1414. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar