A welfare perspective on Nordic media subsidies

References

• The Agency for Libraries and Media. (2011). Demokratistøtte. Fremtidens offentlige mediestøtte [Democracy Support. The future public subsidy of media]. Copenhagen: Author.
   Google Scholar
• The Association of Danish Media. (2013). Styr på statens medier. Danske Mediers oplæg til medieforhandlingerne i 2014 [Control over the state’s media. The Association of Danish Media’s proposal for the 2014 media negotiations]. Copenhagen: Author.
   Google Scholar
• The Association of Danish Media. (2014). Plads til private medier [Space for private media]. Copenhagen: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Avtale om allmennkringkasting [Agreement on public service broadcasting]. (2016). Retrieved September 3, 2016, from http://www.mediebedriftene.no/globalassets/avtale-om-allmennkringkasting.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Barwise, P., & Picard, R. G. (2014). What if there were no BBC television? The net impact on UK viewers. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Benson, R., & Powers, M. (2011). Public media and political independence: Lessons for the future of journalism from around the world. Florence: The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, A. (1961). The welfare state in historical perspective. European Journal of Sociology, 2(2), 221–258. doi:10.1017/S0003975600000412
   Google Scholar
• Brüggemann, M., Engesser, S., Büchel, F., Humprecht, E., & Castro, L. (2014). Hallin and Mancini revisited: Four empirical types of western media systems. Journal of Communication, 64(6), 1037–1065. doi:10.1111/jcom.12127
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen, N. F., & Petersen, K. (2001). The dynamics of social solidarity: The Danish welfare state, 1900–2000. Scandinavian Journal of History, 26(3), 177–196. doi:10.1080/034687501750303846
   Google Scholar
• Colbjørnsen, T. (2015). What is the VAT? The policies and practices of value added tax on ebooks in Europe. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 21(3), 326–343. doi:10.1080/10286632.2014.904298
   Google Scholar
• Curran, J., Iyengar, S., Lund, A. B., & Salovaara-Moring, I. (2009). Media system, public knowledge and democracy: A comparative study. European Journal of Communication, 24(1), 5–26. doi:10.1177/0267323108098943
   Google Scholar
• The Danish Ministry of Taxation. (2016). KUU Alm.del endeligt svar på spørgsmål 63 [Final response to Question 63]. Copenhagen: Author. Retrieved September 3, 2016, from http://www.ft.dk/samling/20151/almdel/kuu/spm/63/svar/1292532/1589199.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Deuze, M. (2005). What is journalism?: Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered. Journalism, 6(4), 442–464. doi:10.1177/1464884905056815
   Google Scholar
• Easton, D. (1971). The political system. An inquiry into the state of political science (2nd ed). New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
   Google Scholar
• The Economist Intelligence Unit. (2016). Democracy index 2015. Democracy in an age of anxiety. London: The Economist.
   Google Scholar
• Engblom, L.-Å. (2013). Public service financing in the Nordic countries. In U. Carlsson (Ed.), Public service media from a Nordic horizon. politics, markets, programming and users (pp. 93–106). Gothenburg: Nordicom.
   Google Scholar
• Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Flensburg, S. (2015). Dansk mediestøtte 1960–2014: Fra økonomisk kompensation til publicistisk motivation [Danish media support 1960–2014: From economic compensation to publicist motivation]. MedieKultur, 31(58), 85–103. doi:10.7146/mediekultur.v31i58.18286
   Google Scholar
• Foster, R. (2012). News plurality in a digital world. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Freedman, D., Henten, A., Towse, R., & Wallis, R. (2008). The impact of the Internet on media policy, regulation and copyright law. In L. Küng, R. G. Picard, & R. Towse (Eds.), The internet and the mass media (pp. 102–124). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Greve, B. (2007). What characterise the Nordic welfare state model. Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 43–51. doi:10.3844/jssp.2007.43.51
   Google Scholar
• Greve, B. (2015). Welfare and the welfare state. Present and future. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing media systems. Three models of media and politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hjarvard, S., & Kammer, A. (2015). Online news: Between private enterprise and public subsidy. Media, Culture & Society, 37(1), 115–123. doi:10.1177/0163443714553562
   Google Scholar
• Kammer, A. (in press). Market structure and innovation policies in Denmark. In H. V. Kranenburg (Ed.), Innovation policies in the European news and media industry: A comparative study (pp. 48–60). Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Kasza, G. J. (2002). The illusion of welfare ‘regimes’. Journal of Social Policy, 31(2), 271–287. doi:10.1017/S0047279401006584
   Google Scholar
• Lowe, G. F. (2015). PSM in the 21st century: What value and which values? Le Grand-Saconnex: European Broadcasting Union.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, A. B. (2007). Media markets in Scandinavia. Political economy aspects of convergence and divergence. Nordicom Review, 28(Jubilee Issue 2007), 121–134.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, A. B., & Lindskow, K. (2011). Offentlig mediestøtte fra postprivilegier til licensforlig [Public media subsidies from postal priviledges to lisence agreement]. Økonomi & Politik, 84(1), 46–60.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, T. H. (1950). Citizenship and social class and other essays. Cambridge: University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McManus, J. H. (2009). The commercialization of news. In K. Wahl-Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch (Eds.), The handbook of journalism studies (pp. 218–233). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McQuail, D. (2000). McQuail’s mass communication theory (4th ed). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Mortensen, F. (2006). Catch 22: The privatization of Danish TV 2 vs. EU rules on state aid. Politik, 9(2), 74–82.
   Google Scholar
• Murschetz, P. (1998). State support for the daily press in Europe: A critical appraisal: Austria, France, Norway and Sweden compared. European Journal of Communication, 13(3), 291–313. doi:10.1177/0267323198013003001
   Google Scholar
• Newman, N., Levy, D. A. L., & Nielsen, R. K. (2015). Reuters Institute digital news report 2015. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, R. K. (2012). Ten years that shook the media world. Big questions and big trends in international media developments. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, R. K. (2014). ‘Frozen’ media subsidies during a time of media change: A comparative analysis of media policy drift in six Western democracies. Global Media and Communication, 10(2), 121–138. doi:10.1177/1742766513504203
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, R. K., & Linnebank, G. (2011). Public support for the media: A six-country overview of direct and indirect subsidies. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2010). The evolution of news and the internet. Paris: Author.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2016). OECD Social Expenditure Database (SOCX). Retrieved September 3, 2016, from http://stats.oecd.org
   Google Scholar
• Ohlsson, J. (2014). Fading support for the Swedish press support. Journal of Media Business Studies, 11(1), 39–60. doi:10.1080/16522354.2014.11073575
   Google Scholar
• Ohlsson, J. (2015). The Nordic media market. Gothenburg: Nordicom.
   Google Scholar
• Olufsen, B., Finslo, S., Indrøy, R., & Markussen, J. A. (2014, December 9). Hva nå, NRK? [Now what, NRK?]. Dagens Næringsliv.
   Google Scholar
• Ots, M., Krumsvik, A. H., Ala-Fossi, M., & Rendahl, P. (2016). The shifting role of Value-Added Tax (VAT) as a media policy tool: A three-country comparison of political justifications. Javnost - The Public, 23(2), 170–187. doi:10.1080/13183222.2016.1162988
   Google Scholar
• Picard, R. G. (2010). A business perspective on challenges facing journalism. In D. A. L. Levy & R. K. Nielsen (Eds.), The changing business of journalism and its implications for democracy (pp. 17–24). Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Picard, R. G. (2014). Twilight or new dawn of journalism? Evidence from the changing news ecosystem. Journalism Practice, 8(5), 488–498. doi:10.1080/17512786.2014.905338
   Google Scholar
• Picard, R. G., & Grönlund, M. (2003). Development and effects of Finnish press subsidies. Journalism Studies, 4(1), 105–119. doi:10.1080/14616700306499
   Google Scholar
• Pickard, V. (2014). America’s battle for media democracy: The triumph of corporate libertarianism and the future of media reform. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pool, I. D. S. (1983). Technologies of freedom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rambøll. (2009). Udredning af den fremtidige offentlige mediestøtte [Investigation of the future public media support] (2nd ed). København: Rambøll Management Consulting.
   Google Scholar
• Schudson, M. (2008). Why democracies need an unlovable press. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Syvertsen, T. (1999). The many uses of the “public service” concept. Nordicom Review, 1, 5–12.
   Google Scholar
• Syvertsen, T., Enli, G., Mjøs, O. J., & Moe, H. (2014). The media welfare state. Nordic media in the digital era. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Søndergaard, H. (2014). Når en fælles fjende er den bedste ven i nøden. Dansk mediepolitik til debat [When a common enemy is the best friend in need. Debating Danish media policy]. Nordicom Information, 36(1), 65–72.
   Google Scholar
• van Cuilenburg, J., & McQuail, D. (2003). Media policy paradigm shifts: Towards a new communications policy paradigm. European Journal of Communication, 18(2), 181–207. doi:10.1177/0267323103018002002
   Google Scholar