Developing and implementing national health identifiers in resource limited countries: why, what, who, when and how?

References

• Bradley H, Hall HI, Wolitski RJ, et al. Vital Signs: HIV diagnosis, care, and treatment among persons living with HIV United States, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63:11137. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6347a5.htm
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. 90-90-90an ambitious treatment target to help end the HIV epidemic. Geneva (Switzerland): UNAIDS; 2014. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2017/90-90-90
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves JR, Delany-Moretlwe S, Hallett TB, et al. The HIV prevention cascade: integrating theories of epidemiological, behavioural, and social science into program design and monitoring. Lancet HIV. 2016;3:e318–15. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanhiv/PIIS2352-3018(16)30063-7.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rishera K, Mayer KH, Beyrer C. HIV treatment cascade in MSM, people who inject drugs, and sex workers. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2015 Nov;10:420–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yehia BR, Schranz AJ, Umscheid CA, et al. The treatment cascade for chronic hepatitis c virus infection in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9:e101554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longenecker CT, Aliku T, Beaton A, et al. Treatment cascade quality metrics for children with latent rheumatic heart disease in Uganda. Glob Heart. 2016;11:119–e120. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221181601630415X
   Google Scholar
• Medland NA, McMahon JH, Chow EPF, et al. The HIV care cascade: a systematic review of data sources, methodology and comparability. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18:20634. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4666907/pdf/JIAS-18-20634.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Consolidated guidelines on person-centred HIV patient monitoring and case surveillance Guidelines. Geneva (Switzerland); 2017. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/255702/1/9789241512633-eng.pdf?ua=1
   Google Scholar
• Beck EJ, Gill W, De Lay PR. Protecting the confidentiality and security of personal health information in low- and middle- income countries in the era of the SDGs and big-data: extended bibliography. Global Health Action. 2016. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3402/gha.v9.32089?needAccess=true
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus JL, Chao CR, Leyden WA, et al. Narrowing the gap in life expectancy between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals with access to care. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;73:39–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV. Geneva (Switzerland); 2015. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/186275/1/9789241509565_eng.pdf?ua=1
   Google Scholar
• Mahy M, Autenrieth C, Stanecki K, et al. Increasing trend in HIV prevalence among people aged 50 years and older: evidence from estimates and survey data. Aids. 2014;28:S453–S459. Available from: file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Increasing_trends_in_HIV_prevalence_among_people.6.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Althoff KN, Smit M, Reissc P, et al. HIV and ageing: improving quantity and quality of life. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016;11:527–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyle EP, Naidoo K, Su AE, et al. HIV, tuberculosis, and non-communicable diseases: what is known about the costs, effects, and cost-effectiveness of integrated care? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;67:S87–S95. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147396/pdf/nihms604877.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Non-Communicable Diseases: the slow motion disaster. Ten Years in Public Health 2007–2017. Geneva (Switzerland); 2017. Available from: http://www.who.int/publications/10-year-review/ncd/en/
   Google Scholar
• WHO/International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report; 2017. Available from: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/193371513169798347/2017-global-monitoring-report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chung NC, Bolton-Moore C, Chilengi R, et al. Patient engagement in HIV care and treatment in Zambia, 2004-2014. Trop Med Int Health. 2017. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/tmi.12832/full
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AMPATH. Leading with care. Eldoret (Kenya). Available from: http://www.ampathkenya.org/
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen CB, Gøtzsche H, Møller JØ, et al. The Danish civil registration system: a cohort of eight million persons. Dan Med Bull. 2006;53:441–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS/PEPFAR. Considerations and Guidance for Countries Adopting National Health Identifiers. Geneva (Switzerland); 2014. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2014/national_health_identifiers
   Google Scholar
• Kitenge G, Govender I. Nurses’ monitoring of the Road to Health Chart at primary healthcare level in Makhado, Limpopo province. South Afr Fam Pract. 2013;55:275–280.
   Google Scholar
• Neville R, Neville J. What can health care professionals in the United Kingdom learn from Malawi? Hum Resour Health. 2009;7:26. DOI:10.1186/1478-4491-7-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Health statistics and information systems. Geneva (Switzerland). Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/country_monitoring_evaluation/documentation/en/
   Google Scholar
• WHO. HMN country files. Geneva (Switzerland); 2016. Available from: https://www.dropbox.com/s/agme52z13pto136/countries.zip?dl=0
   Google Scholar
• ISD Scotland Home. National Data Catalogue Information Services Division. NHS National Services Scotland; 2018. Available from: http://www.ndc.scot.nhs.uk/
   Google Scholar
• Object Management Group. Documents associated with Business Process Model And Notation™ (BPMN™) Version 2.0; [cited Jan 2011]. Available from: http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/
   Google Scholar
• Castellan C, Lungo S, Oliva K, et al. Use of a Unique identifier system to track key populations reached under a combination prevention program in six countries in South America. Pan American Social Marketing Organization, AIDS, 2014, Melbourne Australia, WEPE458; 2014. Available from: http://www.psi.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Use-of-unique-identifier-code-key-populations-prevention-Central-America.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Muyunda G Zambia leads the way in smartcare electronic health records system, a benefit to both providers and patients. JHPIEGO [cited 2011 Aug 23]. Available from: https://www.jhpiego.org/success-story/zambia-leads-the-way-in-smartcare-electronic-health-records-system-a-benefit-to-both-providers-and-patients/
   Google Scholar
• Health Information Privacy. Guidance regarding methods for de-identification of protected health information in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule 2016. HHS Gov; 2016. Available from: https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/special-topics/de-identification/index.html
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS/PEPFAR. The Privacy, Confidentiality and Security Assessment Tool: protecting personal health information. Geneva (Switzerland); 2016. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2016/confidentiality_security_assessment_tool
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS/PEPFAR. The Privacy, Confidentiality and Security Assessment Tool: user manual. Geneva (Switzerland); 2016. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2016/confidentiality_security_tool_user_manual
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS/PEPFAR. The Privacy, Confidentiality and Security Assessment Tool: workbook. Panama City (Panama); 2016. Available from: http://onusidalac.org/1/images/2016/workbook.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wikipedia. Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections
   Google Scholar
• The Guardian. Macron hackers linked to Russian-affiliated group behind US attack. [cited 2017 May 8]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/08/macron-hackers-linked-to-russian-affiliated-group-behind-us-attack
   Google Scholar
• Cadwalladr C The great British Brexit robbery: how our democracy was hijacked. The Observer; [cited 2017 May 8]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/07/the-great-british-brexit-robbery-hijacked-democracy
   Google Scholar
• Thielman S Yahoo hack: 1bn accounts compromised by biggest data breach in history. The Guardian; [cited 2016 Dec 15]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/14/yahoo-hack-security-of-one-billion-accounts-breached
   Google Scholar
• Kan K China investigating data leak and swindling of H.I.V. patients. New York Times; [cited 2016 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/22/world/asia/china-hiv-aids-leak.html
   Google Scholar
• BBC. Massive ransomware infection hits computers in 99 countries; [cited 2017 May 13]. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-39901382
   Google Scholar
• BBC. Global ransomware attack causes turmoil; [cited 2017 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-40416611
   Google Scholar
• BBC. Call for investment in NHS cybersecurity; [cited 2017 Jun 20]. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-40341339
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt M, Pedersen L, Sørensen HT. The Danish Civil Registration System as a tool in epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014 Aug;29:541–549. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-014-9930-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henley J Sweden scrambles to tighten data security as scandal claims two ministers. Guardian; [cited 2017 Aug 1]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/01/sweden-scrambles-to-tighten-data-security-as-scandal-claims-two-ministers?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Gmail
   Google Scholar
• Just BH, Marc D, Munns M, et al. Why patient matching is a challenge: research on Master Patient Index (MPI) data discrepancies in key identifying fields. Perspectives in Health Information Management Spring 12016. Available from: http://perspectives.ahima.org/why-patient-matching-is-a-challenge-research-on-master-patient-index-mpi-data-discrepancies-in-key-identifying-fields/
   Google Scholar
• Webster C. The National Health Service: A Political History (OPUS). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Gershlick B, Charlesworth A, Taylor E Public attitudes to the NHS: an analysis of responses to questions in the British Social Attitudes Survey. NatCen Social Research, The Health Foundation; 2015. Available from: http://www.health.org.uk/publication/public-attitudes-nhs
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. Adopted by acclamation on 19 October 2005 by the 33rd session of the General Conference of UNESCO. Available from: http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=31058&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html
   Google Scholar