‘Tiny Iceland’ preparing for Ebola in a globalized world

References

• World Health Organization. Statement on the 1st meeting of the IHR emergency committee on the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa [Internet]. WHO. 2014 [cited 2018 Apr 2]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2014/ebola-20140808/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Boozary AS, Farmer PE, Jha AK. The Ebola outbreak, fragile health systems, and quality as a cure. JAMA. 2014;312:1859–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farmer P. The largest ever epidemic of Ebola. Reprod Health Matters. 2014;22:157–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govindaraj R, Herbst CH, Clark JP Strengthening post-Ebola health systems. From response to resilience in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO [Internet]. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2018. Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/27618.
   Google Scholar
• Evans DK, Goldstein M, Popova A. Health-care worker mortality and the legacy of the Ebola epidemic. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3:e439–e440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IATA. Joint statement on travel and transport in relation to Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak [Internet]. 2014 Aug 18 [cited 2018 Sep 10]. Available from: https://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/Pages/2014-08-18-02.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Ground zero in Guinea: the outbreak smoulders – undetected – for more than 3 months [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 [cited 2015 Aug 20]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/ebola-6-months/guinea/en/.
   Google Scholar
• SteelFisher GK, Blendon RJ, Lasala-Blanco N. Ebola in the USA — public reactions and implications. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:789–791.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan M. Ebola virus disease in West Africa — no early end to the outbreak. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1183–1185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zurcher A. Ebola, race and fear [Internet]. BBC News. 2014 [cited 2015 Aug 23]. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-echochambers-29714657.
   Google Scholar
• Economist. Flying fear. The Economist [Internet]. 2014 Oct 20 [cited 2015 Aug 23]. Available from: http://www.economist.com/blogs/gulliver/2014/10/ebola-and-travel-0.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology relating to disaster risk reduction [Internet]. New York: United Nations; 2016. p. 14. Report No.: A/71/644. Available from: https://www.preventionweb.net/files/50683_oiewgreportenglish.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lynteris C, Poleykett B. The anthropology of epidemic control: technologies and materialities. Med Anthropol. 2018;37:433–441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmberg M, Lundgren B. Framing post-pandemic preparedness: comparing eight European plans. Glob Public Health. 2018;13:99–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chief Epidemiologist. Ebólasýking greinist í fleiri löndum [Ebola  infection diagnosed in more countries] [Internet]. Embætti landlæknis [Directorate of Health]. 2014 Apr 8 [cited 2018 Dec 11]. Available from: https://www.landlaeknir.is/um-embaettid/frettir/frett/item22912/$item_att544.
   Google Scholar
• Magnúsdóttir MH. Ebola representations in media and other public domains in Iceland [Internet] [Masters thesis (MA) in Development Studies]. Reykjavík: University of Iceland; 2018 [cited 2018 Jul 4]. Available from: https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/30470/1/Loka%C3%BAtg%C3%A1fa-MA-2018.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Þórsdóttir H. Ísland verr undirbúið fyrir ebólu en samanburðarlöndin [Iceland worse prepared for Ebola than neighbouring countries]. visir.is. [Internet]. 2014 Oct 8 [cited 2018 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.visir.is/g/2014141008917.
   Google Scholar
• Kjartansson A. Þjálfa íslenskt ebóluteymi[Train Icelandic Ebola team]. visir.is [Internet]. 2014 Oct 8 [cited 2018 Apr 2]. Available from: http://www.visir.is/g/2014141008937.
   Google Scholar
• Chief Epidemiologist. Ebólufaraldurinn í Vestur-Afríku. Nýjar ráðleggingar til ferðamanna [The Ebola epidemic in West Africa. New guidelines for tourists] [Internet]. Embætti landlæknis [Directorate of Health]. 2014 Aug 11 [cited 2018 Dec 11]. Available from: https://www.landlaeknir.is/um-embaettid/frettir/frett/item23401/$item_att544.
   Google Scholar
• Directorate of Health. Ársskýrsla Embættis landlæknis [Annual Report of the Directorate of Health 2014] [Internet]. Reykjavík: Directorate of Health; 2015. p. 71. Available from: https://www.landlaeknir.is/servlet/file/store93/item27130/2014_Arsskyrsla.Embaettis_landlaeknis_lokaskjal-f-vef_(2).pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Sigurþórsdóttir SK. Stjarnfræðilega litlar líkur á útbreiðslu ebólu á Íslandi [Astronomically small probability of Ebola to spread in Iceland]. visir.is [Internet]. 2014 Sep 3 [cited 2018 Dec 11]. Available from: http://www.visir.is/g/2014140909651.
   Google Scholar
• Bogoch II, Creatore MI, Cetron MS, et al. Assessment of the potential for international dissemination of Ebola virus via commercial air travel during the 2014 west African outbreak. Lancet. 2015;385:29–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RÚV. Ólíklegt að ebóla berist til Íslands [Not likely that Ebola will reach Iceland]. ruv.is [Internet]. 2014 Jul 31 [cited 2015 Aug 26]. Available from: http://www.ruv.is/frett/oliklegt-ad-ebola-berist-til-islands-0.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous. Líkur á ebólu hér á landi til staðar [There is a possibility for Ebola in the country] mbl.is [Internet]. 2014 Oct 13 [cited 2015 Aug 26]. Available from: http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2014/10/13/likur_a_ebolu_her_a_landi_til_stadar/.
   Google Scholar
• Gudmundsson S. Ebóla og við [Ebola and us [Editorial]. Laeknabladid. 2013;100:503.
   Google Scholar
• Arnarsdóttir ES. First Ebola scare in Iceland [Internet]. Iceland Review. 2014 Nov 3 [ cited 2018 Apr 2]. Available from: http://icelandreview.com/news/2014/11/03/first-ebola-scare-iceland.
   Google Scholar
• Broddadóttir E. The Ebola epidemic in West Africa: humanitarian aid and public opinion in Iceland [Internet] [Masters thesis (MA) in Development Studies]. Reykjavík: University of Iceland; 2018 [cited 2018 Jul 4]. Available from: https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/30166/1/MA%20ritger%C3%B0%20-%20El%C3%ADn%20Broddad%C3%B3ttir.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell JW. Qualitative enquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches [Internet]. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2007. Available from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-13099-000
   Google Scholar
• Miles MB, Huberman AM. Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. 2nd ed. London: Sage; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19:349–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sýkingavarnadeild LSH Viðbragðsáætlun vegna ebólu á LSH (útgáfa 5) [Ebola Preparedness Plan of LSH, version 5] [Internet]. Reykjavík: Sýkingavarnadeild LSH; 2014 17 December [cited 2015 Aug 26]. p. 126. Available from: http://www.landspitali.is/library/Sameiginlegar-skrar/Gagnasafn/BRUNNURINN/Vidbragdsaaetlun-LSH/Vidbragdsaaetlun-vegna-ebolu/ebola_utgafa_5_heildarskjal_171214_3.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Coltart CEM, Lindsey B, Ghinai I, et al. The Ebola outbreak, 2013–2016: old lessons for new epidemics. Phil Trans R Soc B. 2017;372:20160297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Ebola Preparedness Strengthening Team country visits – mission reports [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2018 Apr 4]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/preparedness/en/.
   Google Scholar
• House of Commons, Science and Technology Committee. Science in emergencies: UK lessons from Ebola. Second Report of Session 2015–16 [Internet]. London, UK; 2016 [cited 2016 May 10]. p. 50. Report No.: HC 469. Available from: https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201516/cmselect/cmsctech/469/469.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Ebola emergency preparedness in EU Member States – conclusions from peer-review visits to Belgium, Portugal and Romania [Internet]. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015 [cited 2018 Jul 5]. Available from: http://bookshop.europa.eu/uri?target=EUB:NOTICE:TQ0215487:EN:HTML.
   Google Scholar
• Rickles A, Catarious E Assessing US community preparedness in the case of Ebola virus disease. Using pandemic planning for the EVD response [Internet]. Washington (DC): Obsidian Analysis; 2015 [cited 2018 Apr 2]. Available from: https://cadmusgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Assessing-US-Community-Preparedness-in-the-Case-of-Ebola-Virus-Disease-0515.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Langley A, Denis J-L. Beyond evidence: the micropolitics of improvement. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011;20:i43–i46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Managing epidemics: key facts about major deadly diseases [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2018 [cited 2018 Jul 5]. p. 255. Available from: http://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/managing-epidemics/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly B, Squiers L, Bann C, et al. Perceptions and plans for prevention of Ebola: results from a national survey. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2015;15. [cited 2018 Jul 5]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4647489/
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen NJ, Brown CM, Alvarado-Ramy F, et al. Travel and border health measures to prevent the international spread of Ebola. MMWR Suppl. 2016;65:57–67.
   Google Scholar
• Claude KM, Underschultz J, Hawkes MT. Ebola virus epidemic in war-torn eastern DR Congo. Lancet. 2018;392:1399–1401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Ebola Virus Disease. Democratic Republic of Congo. [Internet]. Brazzaville: WHO – Regional Office for Africa; 2019. p. 9. Report No.: 30. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/310996/SITREP_EVD_DRC_20190226-eng.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Brosh-Nissimov T, Poles L, Kassirer M, et al. Preparing for imported Ebola cases in Israel, 2014 to 2015. Eurosurveillance [Internet]. 2015;20. [cited 2018 Jul 4]. Available from: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=21290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lor A, Thomas JC, Barrett DH, et al. Key ethical issues discussed at CDC-sponsored international, regional meetings to explore cultural perspectives and contexts on pandemic influenza preparedness and response. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5:653–662.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeb M, McGeer A, Henry B, et al. SARS among critical care nurses, Toronto. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:251–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shigayeva A, Green K, Raboud JM, et al. Factors associated with critical-care healthcare workers’ adherence to recommended barrier precautions during the Toronto severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:1275–1283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf M, Hall K. Cyborg preparedness: incorporating knowing and caring bodies into emergency infrastructures. Med Anthropol. 2018;37:486–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loftsdóttir K. Building on Iceland’s ‘Good Reputation’: Icesave, crisis and affective national identities. Ethnos. 2016;81:338–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Directorate of Health. Icelandic pandemic influenza preparedness plan. Issue 2, 2016. English Abstract [Internet]. Reykjavík: Directorate of Health; 2016 [cited 2018 Jul 4]. Available from: https://www.landlaeknir.is/servlet/file/store93/item31657/29%209%202016_Abstract-influenza%20pandemic%20preparedness%20-%20Iceland.pdf.
   Google Scholar