Understanding the role of community resilience in addressing the Ebola virus disease epidemic in Liberia: a qualitative study (community resilience in Liberia)

References

• World Health Organization (WHO). Ebola situation reports: archive. 2016 [cited 2019 Jul 15]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/situation-reports/archive/en/
   Google Scholar
• USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. 2017 [cited 2019 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/2014-2016-outbreak/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Coltart CE, Lindsey B, Ghinai I, et al. The Ebola outbreak, 2013–2016: old lessons for new epidemics. Philos Trans R Soc B. 2017;372:20160297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch TD, Moseson H, Massaquoi M, et al. Impact of interventions and the incidence of Ebola virus disease in Liberia—implications for future epidemics. Health Policy Plan. 2017;32:205–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutalek R, Wang S, Fallah M, et al. Ebola interventions: listen to communities. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3:e131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fallah M, Dahn B, Nyenswah T. Interrupting Ebola transmission in Liberia through community-based initiatives. Ann Intern Med. 2015;164:367–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). Ebola situation reports: democratic Republic of the Congo. 2018 [cited 2019 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/ebola/situation-reports/drc-2018/en/
   Google Scholar
• Dobson AP, Carper ER. Infectious diseases and human population history. Bioscience. 1996;46:115–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). Factors that contributed to undetected spread of the ebola virus and impeded rapid containment. 2015 [cited 2019 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/one-year-report/factors/en/
   Google Scholar
• Norris FH, Stevens SP, Pfefferbaum B, et al. Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. Am J Community Psychol. 2008;41:127–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adger WN. Vulnerability. Glob Environ Change. 2006;16:268–281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holling CS. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 1973;4:1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Folke C. Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Glob Environ Change. 2006;16:253–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel SS, Rogers MB, Amlôt R, et al. What do we mean by ‘community resilience’? A systematic literature review of how it is defined in the literature. PLoS Curr. 2017;9.
   Google Scholar
• Castleden M, McKee M, Murray V, et al. Resilience thinking in health protection. J Public Health. 2011;33:369–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemyre L, O’Sullivan TR. Enhancing community resilience: a matter of multi-level framework, mixed methods, and multi-sectoral tools. In: Kapucu N, Hawkins CV, Rivera FI, editors. Disaster resiliency. New York (NY): Routledge; 2013. p. 293–312.
   Google Scholar
• Barasa E, Mbau R, Gilson L. What is resilience and how can it be nurtured? A systematic review of empirical literature on organizational resilience. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018;7:491–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnall A. Resilience as transformative capacity: exploring the quadripartite cycle of structuration in a Mozambican resettlement programme. Geoforum. 2015;66:26–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoon I. Risk and resilience: adaptations in changing times. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• MacQueen KM, McLellan E, Metzger DS, et al. What is community? An evidence-based definition for participatory public health. Am J Public Health. 2001;91:1929–1938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander DE. Resilience and disaster risk reduction: an etymological journey. Nat Hazards Earth Sys Sci. 2013;13:2707–2716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldrich DP, Meyer MA. Social capital and community resilience. Am Behav Sci. 2015;59:254–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruk ME, Myers M, Varpilah ST, et al. What is a resilient health system? Lessons from Ebola. Lancet. 2015;385:1910–1912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohle HG, Etzold B, Keck M Resilience as agency. IHDP Update. 2009 [cited 2019 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Markus_Keck/publication/263111355_Resilience_as_Agency/links/0a85e539eed4c4a472000000/Resilience-as-Agency.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Coulthard S. Can we be both resilient and well, and what choices do people have? Incorporating agency into the resilience debate from a fisheries perspective. Ecol Soc. 2012;17:Art–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkes F, Ross H. Community resilience: toward an integrated approach. Soc Nat Resour. 2013;26:5–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam RD. The prosperous community. Am Prospect. 1993;4:35–42.
   Google Scholar
• Narayan D. Voices of the poor: poverty and social capital in Tanzania. Washington (DC): The World Bank; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Reisch M, Guyet D. Communities as “big small groups”: culture and social capital. In: Cnaan R, Milofsky C, editors. Handbook of community movements and local organizations. Boston (MA): Springer; 2008. p. 163–178.
   Google Scholar
• Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Kim D. Social capital and health. In: Subramanian SV, Kawachi I, editors. Social capital and health. New York (NY): Springer; 2008. p. 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Adger WN. Social capital, collective action, and adaptation to climate change. Econ Geogr. 2003;79:387–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fearon JD, Humphreys M, Weinstein JM. Can development aid contribute to social cohesion after civil war? Evidence from a field experiment in post-conflict Liberia. Am Econ Rev. 2009;99:287–291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathbor GM. Enhancement of community preparedness for natural disasters: the role of social work in building social capital for sustainable disaster relief and management. Int Social Work. 2007;50:357–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown RK, Brown RE. Faith and works: church-based social capital resources and African American political activism. Social Forces. 2003;82:617–641.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson CL, Locker L, Nugent R. Microcredit, social capital, and common pool resources. World Dev. 2002;30:95–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durston J. Building social capital in rural communities (where it does not exist). In: Latin American Studies Association Annual Meetings; Chicago; 1998. p. 24–26.
   Google Scholar
• Grépin KA. International donations to the Ebola virus outbreak: too little, too late? BMJ. 2015;350:376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling EJ, Larson E, MacAuley RJ, et al. Beyond the crisis: did the Ebola epidemic improve resilience of Liberia’s health system? Health Policy Plan. 2017;32:iii40–iii47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonge O, Gupta S, Engineer C, et al. Assessing the pro-poor effect of different contracting schemes for health services on health facilities in rural Afghanistan. Health Policy Plan. 2014;30:1229–1242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkes F. Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: lessons from resilience thinking. Nat Hazards. 2007;41:283–295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrester JM, Kruse S, Abeling T, et al. Conceptualizing community resilience to natural hazards-the emBRACE framework. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci. 2017;17:2321–2333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon JL, Stringer LC, Challinor AJ. Farming system evolution and adaptive capacity: insights for adaptation support. Resources. 2014;3:182–214.
   Google Scholar
• Abramowitz SA, McLean KE, McKune SL, et al. Community-centered responses to Ebola in urban Liberia: the view from below. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0003706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell L Ebola response in cities: learning for future public health crises. ALNAP Working Paper. London: ALNAP/ODI; 2017
   Google Scholar
• Maconachie R, Hilson G. Ebola and alluvial diamond mining in West Africa: initial reflections and priority areas for research. Extr Ind Soc. 2015;2:397–400.
   Google Scholar
• Maconachie R, Hilson G. ‘The war whose bullets you don’t see’: diamond digging, resilience and Ebola in Sierra Leone. J Rural Stud. 2018;61:110–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar