References
- World Health Organization, World Bank. Tracking universal health coverage: first global monitoring report [Internet]. Geneva; 2015 [cited 2019 Feb 13]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/174536/9789241564977_eng.pdf?sequence=1
- Wirtz VJ, Hogerzeil HV, Gray AL, et al. Essential medicines for universal health coverage. Lancet [Internet]. 2016 cited 2018 May 18;74. Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s23079en/s23079en.pdf
- WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines. The selection and use of essential medicines [WHO technical report series, No. 914] [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003 cited 2018 May 18. Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4875e/
- Mahmić-Kaknjo M, Jeličić-Kadić A, Utrobičić A, et al. Essential medicines availability is still suboptimal in many countries: a scoping review. J Clin Epidemiol [Internet]. 2018 Jun 1 cited 2018 May 24;98:41–16. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895435617310089
- Khatib R, McKee M, Shannon H, et al. Availability and affordability of cardiovascular disease medicines and their effect on use in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study data. Lancet [Internet]. 2016 Jan 2 cited 2019 Feb 13;387:61–69. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673615004699
- Metta E, Haisma H, Kessy F, et al. “It is the medicines that keep us alive”: lived experiences of diabetes medication use and continuity among adults in Southeastern Tanzania. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2015 Dec 18 cited 2019 Feb 13;15:111. Available from: https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-015-0768-5
- Hogerzeil HV, Liberman J, Wirtz VJ, et al. Promotion of access to essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: practical implications of the UN political declaration. Lancet. 2013 Feb 23 cited 2018 May 18;381:680–689. [Internet]Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23410612
- UN General Assembly. Political declaration of the high-level meeting of the general assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases [Internet]. New York; 2011 cited 2019 Feb 13. Available from: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/710899
- World Health Organization. Questions and answers on universal health coverage [Internet]. [ cited 2018 Jun 3]. Available from: http://www.who.int/contracting/documents/QandAUHC.pdf?ua=1
- United Nations General Assembly. Resolution on transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development [Document A/RES/70/1] [Internet]. Geneva: United Nations General Assembly; 2015. Available from: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_70_1_E.pdf
- Forman L. “Rights” and wrongs: what utility for the right to health in reforming trade rules on medicines?* – Health and Human Rights Journal. Health Hum Rights [Internet]. 2008 cited 2018 May 23;10:37. Available from: https://www.hhrjournal.org/2013/09/rights-and-wrongs-what-utility-for-the-right-to-health-in-reforming-trade-rules-on-medicines/
- Nixon S, Forman L. Exploring synergies between human rights and public health ethics: A whole greater than the sum of its parts. BMC Int Health Hum Rights [Internet]. 2008 Dec 31 cited 2018 May 24;8:2. Available from: http://bmcinthealthhumrights.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-698X-8-2
- UN Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights. General Comment No. 14 on the right to the highest attainable standard of health [Internet]. Document No.: E/C.12/2000/4; 2000. Available from: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=E%2FC.12%2F2000%2F4&Lang=en
- Perehudoff SK, Forman L. What constitutes ‘reasonable’ State action on core obligations? Considering a right to health framework to provide essential medicines. J Hum Rights Pract. 2019 Feb;11(1):1–21.
- Hogerzeil HV, Samson M, Casanovas JV, et al. Is access to essential medicines as part of the fulfilment of the right to health enforceable through the courts? Lancet. 2006;368:305–311.
- Elkins Z, Ginsburg T, Simmons BA. Getting to rights: treaty ratification, constitutional convergence and human rights practice. Harv Int’l L J. 2013 cited 2019 Oct 29;54:61. [Internet].
- Clarke D, Rajan D, Schmets G. Creating a supportive legal environment for universal health coverage. Bull World Health Organ [Internet]. 2016 Jul 1 cited 2018 May 24;94: 482–482. Available from: http://www.who.int/entity/bulletin/volumes/94/7/16-173591.pdf
- WHO. Making fair choices on the path to universal health coverage [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 cited 2018 May 23. Available from: http://www.who.int/choice/documents/making_fair_choices/en/
- Perehudoff K, Laing RO, Hogerzeil HV. Access to essential medicines in national constitutions. Bull World Health Organ [Internet]. 2010 Nov 1 cited 2018 May 18;88:800. Available from: http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/11/10-078733.pdf
- Forzley M, Walker DM, Elske Gispen MC Essential laws for medicines access: a pilot study on national legislation [Internet]. Geneva; 2010 cited 2018 May 24. Available from: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/human_rights/ELMA_report_2010_final.pdf
- Magnusson RS. Advancing the right to health: the vital role of law. Sydney: World Health Organization, International Development Law Organisation, O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Sydney Law School; 2017.
- WHO Regional Office for Europe. Medicines reimbursement policies in Europe [Internet]. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 2018 Oct cited 2019 Mar 13. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/medicines-reimbursement-policies-in-europe
- Backman G, Hunt P, Khosla R, et al. Health systems and the right to health: an assessment of 194 countries. Lancet. 2008;372:2047–2085.
- World Health Organization, World Bank. Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report [Internet]. Geneva; 2017 cited 2018 May 18. Available from: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/193371513169798347/2017-global-monitoring-report.pdf
- Gotham D, Onarheim KH, Barber MJ. How the MDGs gave up on measuring access to medicines. Lancet Glob Heal [Internet]. 2016 May cited 2018 May 18;4:e296–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102189
- United Nations. The Millennium development goals report 2015 [Internet]. New York; 2015 cited 2018 May 18. Available from: http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG2015rev(July1).pdf
- Simão M, Wirtz VJ, Al-Ansary LA, et al. A global accountability mechanism for access to essential medicines. Lancet. 2018 Dec 8 cited 2019 Mar 29;392:2418–2420. [Internet]Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30527401
- Burris S, Wagenaar AC, Swanson J, et al. Making the case for laws that improve health: a framework for public health law research. Milbank Q [Internet]. 2010 Jun 16 cited 2019 Feb 19;88:169–210. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20579282
- Wagenaar AC, Burris S, eds. Public health law research : theory and methods. San Francisco (CA): Jossey-Bass; 2013. p. 482.
- República Oriental del Uruguay. Poder judcial [Internet]. Available from: www.poderjudicial.gub.uy
- World Health Organization. Development of country profiles and monitoring of the pharmaceutical situation in countries [website] [Internet]. WHO. World Health Organization; 2015 cited 2018 May 18. Available from: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/coordination/coordination_assessment/en/
- OECD. Health at a glance 2009: OECD indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2009. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2009-en
- OECD. Health at a glance 2015: OECD indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2015-en
- Health Action International. Medicine prices, availability, affordability and price components [online database] [Internet]. [ cited 2018 May 18]. Available from: http://www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/
- WHO, UNICEF. Estimates of national immunization coverage [Internet]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/time-series/tswucoveragedtp3.html
- World Health Organization, UNICEF. WHO UNICEF coverage of DTP3 [online database] [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 May 18]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/timeseries/tswucoveragedtp3.html
- Perehudoff K, Toebes B, Hogerzeil HV. Essential medicines in national constitutions: progress since 2008. Health Hum Rights [Internet]. 2016 Jun cited 2018 May 18;18:141–156. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27781006
- Perehudoff K, Alexandrov NV, Hogerzeil HV. Legislating for universal access to medicines: a rights-based cross-national comparison of UHC laws in 16 countries. Health Policy Plan. 2019 Dec 1;34(Supplement_3):iii48–iii57.
- Hodgkin C, Carandang ED, Fresle DA, et al., editors. How to develop and implement a national drug policy [Internet]. 2nd edi ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001 cited 2018 May 18. p. 96. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42423/924154547X.pdf?sequence=1
- World Health Organization. Equitable access to essential medicines: a framework for collective action [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004 cited 2018 May 23. Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/s4962e/s4962e.pdf
- World Health Organization. Everybody’s business- strengthening health systems to improve health outcomes. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007 cited 2018 May 18. p. 44. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43918/9789241596077_eng.pdf;jsessionid=ADE048B7007F35A25EEE5295113AA6FA?sequence=1
- Bigdeli M, Jacobs B, Tomson G, et al. Access to medicines from a health system perspective. Health Policy Plan [Internet]. 2013;28:692–704. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/heapol/article/28/7/692/819804
- World Health Organization. Good governance for medicines model framework [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 cited 2018 May 31. p. 54. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/129495/9789241507516_eng.pdf?sequence=1
- UN General Assembly. International covenant on civil and political rights [Internet]. Addopted in Resolution 2200A (XXI); 1966. Available from: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx
- UN General Assembly. International covenant on economic, social and cultural rights [Internet]. Adopted in Resolution 2200A (XXI); 1966. Available from: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx
- UN General Assembly. Optional protocol of the covenant on economic, social and cultural rights [Internet]. Adopted in Resolution No.: A/RES/63/117; 2008. Available from: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/OPCESCR.aspx
- UN Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights. General Comment No. 3 on the nature of states parties’ obligations [Internet]. Document No.: E/1991/23 1991; 1991. Available from: http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2FCESCR%2FGEC%2F4758&Lang=en
- Pizzarossa LB, Perehudoff K, Forte JC. How the Uruguayan judiciary shapes access to expensive medicines: A critique through the right to health lens. Health Hum Rights. 2018 Jun;20(1):93–105.
- Landman T. Social science methods and human rights. In: Coomans F, Grunfeld F, Kamminga MT, editors. Methods of human rights research. Antwerp: Intersentia; 2009. p. 262.
- World Health Organization. Medium term strategic plan 2008–2013 [Internet]. Geneva; 2008 cited 2018 May 18. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/MTSP-08-13-PPB-10-11/mtsp-3en.pdf
- Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization. Assessment report of the global vaccine action plan [Internet]. 2014 cited 2018 May 18. Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/SAGE_DoV_GVAP_Assessment_report_2014_English.pdf?ua=1
- Constitute [Internet]. [ cited 2018 May 18]. Available from: https://www.constituteproject.org/content/about?lang=en
- Perehudoff SK, Alexandrov NV, Hogerzeil HV. Access to essential medicines in 195 countries: A human rights approach to sustainable development. Glob Public Health. 2019 Mar 4;14(3):431–444.
- Perehudoff K, Berro Pizzarossa L, Stekelenburg J. Realising the right to sexual and reproductive health: access to essential medicines for medical abortion as a core obligation. BMC Int Health Hum Rights [Internet]. 2018 Dec 1 cited 2018 May 18;18:8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29390996
- Perehudoff SK, Alexandrov NV, Hogerzeil HV. The right to health as the basis for universal health coverage: A cross-national analysis of national medicines policies of 71 countries. PLoS One. 2019;14(6):1–15.
- Perehudoff K, Alexandrov NV, Hogerzeil HV. Legislating for universal access to essential medicines: A rights-based cross-national comparison of UHC laws in 16 health systems. Health Policy Plan [Internet]. Forthcoming;XXX.
- Forman L, MacNaughton G. Moving theory into practice: human rights impact assessment of intellectual property rights in trade agreements. J Hum Rights Pract [Internet]. 2015 Feb 1 cited 2019 Mar 13;7:109–138. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jhrp/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jhuman/huv001
- Burris S, Kawachi I, Sarat A. Integrating law and social epidemiology. J Law Med Ethics [Internet]. 2002 Dec 24 cited 2018 May 24;30:510–521. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2002.tb00422.x
- Klieger SB, Gutman A, Allen L, et al. state laws regulating patients, product safety, supply chains and dispensaries, 2017. Addiction [Internet]. 2017 Dec cited 2018 May 24;112:2206–2216. .
- Meier BM, Tureski K, Bockh E, et al. Examining national public health law to realize the global health security agenda. Med Law Rev. 2017 May 1 cited 2019 Mar 13;25:240–269. [Internet]Available from: http://academic.oup.com/medlaw/article/25/2/240/3829679/Examining-National-Public-Health-Law-to-Realize
- McDonald P, Limaye RJ, Omer SB, et al. Exploring California’s new law eliminating personal belief exemptions to childhood vaccines and vaccine decision-making among homeschooling mothers in California. Vaccine. 2019 Jan 29 cited 2019 Mar 13;37:742–750. [Internet]Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X18316785
- Billington JK, Omer SB. Use of fees to discourage nonmedical exemptions to school immunization laws in US states. Am J Public Health [Internet]. 2016 Feb 21 cited 2019 Mar 13;106:269–270. Available from: http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302967
- Perehudoff SK, Alexandrov NV, Hogerzeil HV. Access to essential medicines in 195 countries: A human rights approach to sustainable development. Glob Public Health [Internet]. 2018 Sep 6 cited 2018 Dec 15;1–14. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17441692.2018.1515237
- Kavanagh MM. The right to health: institutional effects of constitutional provisions on health outcomes. Stud Comp Int Dev [Internet]. 2016 Sep 11 cited 2019 Jan 10;51:328–364. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12116-015-9189-z
- Rosevear E. Realizing social rights: the material impacts of constitutional entrenchment. Rev Semest Do Dep E do Programa Pós-Graduação Em Sociol Da UFSCar [Internet]. 2015 cited 2019 Mar 13;7:313. Available from: http://www.contemporanea.ufscar.br/index.php/contemporanea/article/view/570
- Perehudoff SK, Toebes B, Hogerzeil HV. A human rights-based approach to the reimbursement of expensive medicines. Bull World Health Organ [Internet]. 2016 Dec 1 cited 2018 May 18;94:935–936. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27994287