References
- Setel PW, Macfarlane SB, Szreter S, et al. A scandal of invisibility: making everyone count by counting everyone. Lancet. cited 2018 Sep 29 2007;Nov 370:1–15. Available from.
- Horton R Counting for health. Lancet. 2007 Nov [ cited 2018 Sep 29];370:1526. Available from:
- Marinda E, Simbayi L, Zuma K, et al. Towards achieving the 90–90–90 HIV targets: results from the South African 2017 national HIV survey. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1375.
- Basera TJ, Schmitz K, Price J, et al. Community surveillance and response to maternal and child deaths in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. PLoS One. 2021 Mar 16 [cited 2021 Mar 25];16:e0248143. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248143
- Byass P. The unequal world of health data. PLoS Med [Internet]. 2009 Nov 24 [cited 2021 Mar 2];6 e1000155:. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000155
- Sankoh O. Why population-based data are crucial to achieving the sustainable development goals on behalf of the INDEPTH network and partners ¥. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Mar 22];46:4–7. Available from: www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-
- Setel P, Abouzahr C, Atuheire EB, et al. Mortality surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic [Internet]. Bull World Health Organ World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 22]. p. 374. Available from. ; 98: .
- Fottrell E, Byass P Verbal autopsy: methods in transition. Epidemiol Rev. 2010;32:38–55.
- Lopez AD, McLaughlin D, Richards N Reducing ignorance about who dies of what: research and innovation to strengthen CRVS systems. BMC Med 2020 181 [Internet]. 2020 Mar 9 [cited 2021 Oct 6];18:1–6. Available from: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01526-9
- Byass P, Huong DL, Van Minh H A probabilistic approach to interpreting verbal autopsies: methodology and preliminary validation in Vietnam. Scand J Public Health [Internet]. 2003 Dec 7 [cited 2021 Mar 2];31:32–37. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/https://doi.org/10.1080/14034950310015086
- Byass P, Fottrell E, Huong DL, et al. Refining a probabilistic model for interpreting verbal autopsy data. Scand J Public Health [Internet]. 2006 Jan 5 [cited 2021 Mar 2];34:26–31. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/https://doi.org/10.1080/14034940510032202
- Byass P, Chandramohan D, Clark SJ, et al. Strengthening standardised interpretation of verbal autopsy data: the new InterVA-4 tool. Glob Health Action. 2012; 5: 19281.
- Byass P, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, D’Ambruoso L, et al. An integrated approach to processing WHO-2016 verbal autopsy data: the InterVA-5 model. BMC Med [Internet]. 2019 May 30 [cited 2021 Mar 2];17:102. Available from: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1333-6
- Bird J, Byass P, Kahn K, et al. A matter of life and death: practical and ethical constraints in the development of a mobile verbal autopsy tool. In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings [Internet]. New York, NY, USA: ACM; 2013 [cited 2021 Mar 2]. p. 1489–1498. Available from: https://dl.acm.org/doi/https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466198
- WHO. Verbal autopsy standards: the 2012 WHO verbal autopsy instrument release candidate 1 [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization, cited 2021 Mar 2]. Available from https://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/WHO_VA_2012_RC1_Instrument.pdf
- Paxton A, Bailey P, Lobis S The United Nations process indicators for emergency obstetric care: reflections based on a decade of experience. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2006;95:192–208.
- WHO. The stop TB strategy: building on and enhancing DOTS to meet the TB-related millennium development goals [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2006. [cited 2021 Apr 20]. Available from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/69241/WHO_HTM_STB_2006.368_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
- WHO. Beyond the Numbers Reviewing maternal deaths and complications to make pregnancy safer. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
- Koffi AK, Kalter HD, Loveth EN, et al. Beyond causes of death: the social determinants of mortality among children aged 1-59 months in Nigeria from 2009 to 2013. PLoS One. 2017 May 1 [cited 2021 Mar 2];12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28562610/
- D’Ambruoso L, Byass P, Qomariyah SN, et al. A lost cause? Extending verbal autopsy to investigate biomedical and socio-cultural causes of maternal death in Burkina Faso and Indonesia. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71:1728–1738.
- Hussain-Alkhateeb L, D’Ambruoso L, Tollman S, et al. Enhancing the value of mortality data for health systems: adding Circumstances Of Mortality CATegories (COMCATs) to deaths investigated by verbal autopsy. Glob Health Action [Internet]. 2019 Jan 1 [cited 2019 Oct 26];12:1680068. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1680068
- D’Ambruoso L Care in obstetric emergencies : quality of care, access to care and participation in health in rural Indonesia. PhD Thesis University of Aberdeen [Internet]. [Aberdeen]: University of Aberdeen; 2011 [cited 2021 Apr 29]. Available from: https://abdn.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma990014073470205941&context=L&vid=44ABE_INST:44ABE_VU1&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=LocalSearchEngine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,careinobstetricemergencieslucia
- D’Ambruoso L, Kahn K, Wagner RG, et al. Moving from medical to health systems classifications of deaths: extending verbal autopsy to collect information on the circumstances of mortality. Glob Heal Res Policy. 2016;1:2.
- Edem IJ, Dare AJ, Byass P, et al. External injuries, trauma and avoidable deaths in Agincourt, South Africa: a retrospective observational and qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2019 Jun 1 [cited 2021 Mar 23]; 9: 27576. Available fromhttp://bmjopen.bmj.com/
- Fraser A, Newberry Le Vay J, Byass P, et al. Time-critical conditions: assessment of burden and access to care using verbal autopsy in Agincourt, South Africa. BMJ Glob Heal [Internet]. 2020 Apr 16 [cited 2021 Mar 23];5:2289. Available from: http://gh.bmj.com/
- Bradshaw D, Joubert J, Maqungo M, et al. South African national cause-of-death validation project: methodology and description of a national sample of verbal autopsies [Internet]. Cape Town:South African Medical Research Council. 2020 cited 2021 Apr 14 Available fromhttps://www.samrc.ac.za/sites/default/files/files/2021-02-04/NationalCause-of-deathValidationReport.pdf
- Statistics South Africa. Mid-year population estimates 2020. statistical release P0302 [Internet]. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa; 2021. [cited 2021 May 10] Available from http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022020.pdf
- Neethling I, Groenewald P, Schneider H, et al. Trends and inequities in amenable mortality between 1997 and 2012 in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2019;109:597–604.
- Shisana O, Rehle T, Simbayi L, et al. South African national HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey. HSRC; Cape Town. 2012. 2014.
- Bhalla K, Harrison J, Shahraz S, et al. Burden of road injuries in sub-Saharan Africa. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; 2014.
- Government of the Republic of South Africa. The reconstruction and development programme (RDP): a policy framework. Pretoria: Government of the Republic of South Africa; 1994.
- Government of the Republic of South Africa. national health act [Internet]. Pretoria: Government of the Republic of South Africa; 2003. [cited 2018 Sep 29]. Available from https://www.gov.za/documents/national-health-act
- Coovadia H, Jewkes R, Barron P, et al. The health and health system of South Africa: historical roots of current public health challenges. Lancet. 2009;374:817–834.
- Kahn K, Collinson MA, Gomez-Olive FX, et al. Profile: agincourt health and socio-demographic surveillance system. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41:988–1001.
- Collinson M, Herbst K, Tollman S, et al. South Africa - SAPRIN Individual Surveillance Episodes 2020 [Internet]. SAPRIN.SIS. SAPRIN; 2020. p. 1–26. Available from: http://saprindata.samrc.ac.za/index.php/catalog/29
- Tanser F, Hosegood V, Bärnighausen T, et al. Cohort profile: africa centre demographic information system (ACDIS) and population-based HIV survey. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2021 May 1]; 37:956–962. Available from
- Siedner MJ, Harling G, Derache A, et al. Protocol: leveraging a demographic and health surveillance system for Covid-19 Surveillance in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Wellcome Open Res Internet]. 2020 Aug 25 [cited 2021 May 1];5:.Available from: :109.
- Harling G, Gómez-Olivé FX, Tlouyamma J, et al. Protective behaviours and secondary harms from non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic in South Africa: a multisite prospective longitudinal study (Preprint). JMIR Public Heal Surveill [Internet]. 2020 Nov 26 [cited 2021 May 14];7:e26073. Available from:
- Gareta D, Baisley K, Mngomezulu T, et al. Cohort profile update: africa centre demographic Information System (ACDIS) and population-based HIV survey. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2021 Feb 1 [cited 2021 Oct 6];50:33. Available from:: /pmc/articles/PMC7938501/
- Cowan E, D’Ambruoso L, Price J, et al. Dataset: a consolidated and harmonised verbal autopsy dataset from health and demographic surveillance sites in South Africa. F1000Res. 2021.
- Byass P, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, D’Ambruoso L, et al. An integrated approach to processing WHO-2016 verbal autopsy data: the InterVA-5 model. BMC Med. 2019 May 30;17(1).
- InterVA - software for verbal autopsy [Internet]. [ cited 2021 Mar 22]. Available from: http://www.byass.uk/interva/
- Waldman R, Campbell CC, Steketee RW. Overcoming remaining barriers: the pathway to survival [Internet]. Arlington: BASICS Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival; 1996. cited 2021 May 1. Available from https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABZ644.pdf
- Koffi AK, Maina A, Yaroh AG, et al. Social determinants of child mortality in Niger: results from the 2012 national verbal and social autopsy study. J Glob Health [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2021 Mar 2];6. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4766790/
- Price J, Willcox M, Kabudula CW, et al. Care pathways during a child’s final illness in rural South Africa: findings from a social autopsy study. PLoS One. 2019 Oct 22 [cited 2021 Mar 2];14:e0224284. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224284
- Price J, Lee J, Willcox M, et al. Place of death, care-seeking and care pathway progression in the final illnesses of children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. J Glob Health [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2021 Apr 18];9. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC6815655/
- Cheryl AM, Cassidy J, Elizabeth K et al. Using social autopsy to understand maternal, newborn, and child mortality in low-resource settings: a systematic review of the literature Glob Health Action.2017;10(1):1413917. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2017.1413917cited 2021 May 1
- Gupta M, Kaur M, Lakshmi PVM, et al. Social autopsy for identifying causes of adult mortality. PLoS One. 2018 May 31 [cited 2021 May 1];13:e0198172. Available from: https://dx.plos.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198172
- Pisani E, Kok M In the eye of the beholder: to make global health estimates useful, make them more socially robust. Glob Health Action [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Apr 15];10. Available from: 1266180
- Mpumalanga Department of Health. Annual Performance Plan (APP) 2020-21. Mbombela: Mpumalanga Department of Heatlh; 2020.
- Mpumalanga Department of Health. Ehlanzeni District Municipality (DC32) District Health Plan 2020/21-2022/23 Mpumalanga Province. Mbombela: Mpumalanga Department of Health; 2020.
- Kalter HD, Salgado R, Babille M, et al. Social autopsy for maternal and child deaths: A comprehensive literature review to examine the concept and the development of the method [Internet]. Vol. 9, Popul Health Metr. 2011 [cited 2021 Mar 2]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-7954-9-45
- University of Oslo. DHIS2 [Internet]. [ cited 2021 May 10]. Available from: https://dhis2.org/
- Shung-King M, Lake L, Sanders D, et al. South African Child Gauge 2019. Child and adolescent health: leave no one behind [Internet]. Cape Town: Children’s Institute, University of Cape Town; 2019. cited 2021 May 14. Available from http://www.ci.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/367/Child_Gauge/South_African_Child_Gauge_2019/ChildGauge_2019_final_print%28sm%29.pdf
- Meyer-Rath G, Johnson LF, Pillay Y, et al. Changing the South African national antiretroviral therapy guidelines: the role of cost modelling PLoS One 2017Oct1 cited 2021 May 14 12 Available from:/pmc/articles/PMC5662079/
- Department of Health. National adolescent and youth health policy 2017 [Internet]. Pretoria: Department of Health; 2017. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/y5wbkpw8
- D’Ambruoso L, Twine R, Mabetha D, et al. ‘Voice needs teeth to have bite’! Community-led multisectoral action-learning to address alcohol and drug abuse in rural South Africa. Unpublished manuscript.
- Howard I, Cameron P, Wallis L, et al. Understanding quality systems in the South African prehospital emergency medical services: a multiple exploratory case study. BMJ Open Qual Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 May 14];9:946. Available from.
- Pillay-van Wyk V, Msemburi W, Laubscher R, et al. Mortality trends and differentials in South Africa from 1997 to 2012: second national burden of disease study. Lancet Glob Heal [Internet]. 2016 Sep 1 [cited 2019 Jul 13];4:e642–53. Available from:
- WHO. WHO civil registration and vital statistics strategic Implementation Plan 2021-2025 [Internet].World Health Organization:Geneva 2021. Available fromhttps://getinthepicture.org/sites/default/files/resources/WHOCRVSstrategicimplementationplan.pdf
- Garrib A, Stoops N, McKenzie A, et al. An evaluation of the district health information system in rural South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2008;98:549–552.
- Hotchkiss DR, Aqil A, Lippeveld T, et al. Evaluation of the performance of routine information system management (PRISM) framework: evidence from Uganda. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2021 Apr 14];10:188. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/10/188
- Rouamba T, Samadoulougou S, Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F Addressing challenges in routine health data reporting in Burkina Faso through Bayesian spatiotemporal prediction of weekly clinical malaria incidence. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1 [cited 2021 Mar 7];10. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33024162/
- Nshimyiryo A, Kirk CM, Sauer SM, et al. Health management information system (HMIS) data verification: a case study in four districts in Rwanda. PLoS One Internet]. 2020 Jul 1 [cited 2021 Mar 7];. Available from. ;15:e0235823.
- Sigudla J A model to facilitate research uptake in health care practice and policy development for low-resourced countries. Unpublished manuscript.
- Horton, R. Offline:. The case against global health. Lancet 2014;383.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60797-2.
- Reidpath DD, Allotey P The problem of “trickle-down science” from the global north to the global South [Internet]. Vol. 4, BMJ Glob Health. BMJ Publishing Group; 2019 [cited 2021 Apr 29]. p. 1719. Available from:
- De Savigny D, Renggli S, Cobos D, et al. Maximizing synergies between health observatories and CRVS: guidance for INDEPTH HDSS Sites and CRVS Stakeholders [Internet]. INDEPTH Network and the Bloomberg Data for Health Initiative; 2018 [cited 2021 Mar 20]. Available from: https://getinthepicture.org/sites/default/files/resources/MaximizingSynergiesbetweenHealthObservatoriesandCRVSv2.5.pdf
- Sheikh K, Agyepong I, Jhalani M, et al. Learning health systems: an empowering agenda for low-income and middle-income countries [Internet]. 395, The Lancet. Lancet Publishing Group; 2020 [cited 2021 Apr 20]. p. 476–477. Available from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32061280/
- Thomas LM, D’Ambruoso L, Balabanova D Verbal autopsy in health policy and systems: a literature review [Internet]. Vol. 3, BMJ Glob Health. BMJ Publishing Group; 2018 [cited 2021 Apr 29]. p. 639. Available from:
- Thomas LM, D’Ambruoso L, Balabanova D Use of verbal autopsy and social autopsy in humanitarian crises. BMJ Glob Heal [Internet]. 2018 Nov 1 [cited 2021 May 12;3:640. Available from: http://gh.bmj.com/
- Loewenson R, Colvin CJ, Szabzon F, et al. Beyond command and control: a rapid review of meaningful community-engaged responses to COVID-19. Glob Public Health [Internet]. 2021 Mar 18 [cited 2021 Mar 21];1–15. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33734007
- Greenhalgh GT Will COVID-19 be evidence-based medicine’s nemesis? 2020;PLOS Med. 17:e1003266.
- Abimbola S The uses of knowledge in global health. BMJ Glob Heal [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Apr 18];6: Available from https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/6/4/e005802.full.pdf
- Houle B, Angotti N, Clark SJ, et al. Let’s talk about sex, maybe: interviewers, respondents, and sexual behavior reporting in rural South Africa. Field Methods. 2016;28:112–132.
- Gouda HN, Flaxman AD, Brolan CE, et al. New challenges for verbal autopsy: considering the ethical and social implications of verbal autopsy methods in routine health information systems [Internet]. Soc Sci Med Elsevier Ltd; 2017 [cited 2021 Apr 29]. p. 65–74. Available from. ; 184:
- AbouZahr C, Boerma T, Hogan D Global estimates of country health indicators: useful, unnecessary, inevitable?Vol. , Global Health Action. 2017;10(S1):1290370. [cited 2021].
- Sharkey AB, Chopra M, Jackson D, et al. Pathways of care-seeking during fatal infant illnesses in under-resourced South African settings. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg [Internet]. 2012 Feb 1 [cited 2021 Apr 27];106:110–116. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article-lookup/doi/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.10.008
- D’Ambruoso L, Byass P, Qomariyah SN Can the right to health inform public health planning in developing countries? A case study for maternal healthcare from Indonesia. Glob Health Action. 2008;1:1.
- Lyatuu I, Winkler MS, Loss G, et al. Estimating the mortality burden of large scale mining projects—Evidence from a prospective mortality surveillance study in Tanzania. Chirico F, editor. PLOS Glob Public Heal [Internet]. 2021 Oct 13 [cited 2021 Oct 21];1:e0000008. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000008
- Bocquier P, Sankoh O, Byass P Are health and demographic surveillance system estimates sufficiently generalisable? Glob Health Action [Internet]. 2017 Jan 18 [cited 2018 Jun 16];10:1356621. Available from:
- Waiswa P, Akuze J, Moyer C, et al. Status of birth and pregnancy outcome capture in health demographic surveillance sites in 13 countries. Int J Public Health [Internet]. [ cited 2021 Apr 19];64. Available from: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01241-0
- Kabudula CW, Houle B, Collinson MA, et al. Progression of the epidemiological transition in a rural South African setting: findings from population surveillance in Agincourt, 1993-2013. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2017 May 10 [cited 2021 Apr 29]; 17: 424. Available fromhttp://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4312-x