References
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. UNHCR regional update #17: Ethiopia situation (Tigray Region), 17 May 2021 Jun 14 [ Internet]. UNHCR Regional Update. 2021. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/unhcr-regional-update-17-ethiopia-situation-tigray-region-17-may-14-june-2021
- United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Ethiopia). Northern Ethiopia humanitarian update situation report. 2021 Sept 30 [Internet]. Addis Abba, Ethiopia; 2021. Available from: https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/ethiopia/
- Human Rights Watch. ‘Horrific killings, rapes, looting against Eritrean refugees in Tigray are clear war crimes,’ HRW says. African Insider [ Internet]. cited 2021 Sep 15. Available from: https://www.africaninsider.com/politics/horrific-killings-rapes-looting-against-eritrean-refugees-in-tigray-are-clear-war-crimes-hrw-says/
- Tesema AG, Kinfu Y. Reorienting and rebuilding the health system in war-torn Tigray, Ethiopia. BMJ Glob Heal. [Internet] 2021;6:e007088.
- Gebregziabher M, Amdeselassie F, Esayas R, et al. Geographical distribution of the health crisis of war in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Br Med J Glob Heal. [Internet] 2022;7:e008475. Available from: https://gh.bmj.com/content/bmjgh/7/4/e008475.full.pdf.
- Gesesew H, Berhane K, Siraj ES, et al. The impact of war on the health system of the Tigray region in Ethiopia: an assessment. Br Med J Glob Heal. 2021;6:e007328.
- Clarfield AM, Gill G, Leuner CJ, et al. An appeal to world leaders: health care for Ethiopians in Tigray. Lancet. [Internet] 2022;399:433.
- Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International. Crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing in Ethiopia’s Western Tigray zone [Internet]. “We Will Erase You from This Land.” New York, NY; 2022 [cited 2022 May 9]. Available from: https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/04/06/we-will-erase-you-land/crimes-against-humanity-and-ethnic-cleansing-ethiopias
- Burki T. Humanitarian crisis in Tigray amidst civil war. Lancet Infect Dis. [Internet] 2022;22:774–5.
- Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC)/Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OCHR). Report of the Ethiopian human rights commission (EHRC)/Office of the united nations high commissioner for human rights (OHCHR) Joint investigation into alleged violations of international human rights, humanitarian and refugee law committed by all parties [Internet]. Addis Abba, Ethiopia; 2021. Available from: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/ET/OHCHR-EHRC-Tigray-Report.pdf
- United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization. Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture (GIEWS): country Analysis, December [Internet]. Rome (Italy); 2021. Available from: https://www.fao.org/giews/country-analysis/external-assistance/en/
- United Nations Integrated Program for Commodities. Ethiopia: 5.5 million people in Tigray and neighboring zones of Afar and Amhara face high levels of acute food insecurity [ Internet]. IPC Acute Food Insecurity Analysis, Ethiopia, May 2021-Sept 2021. Add; 2021. Available from: http://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/docs/IPC_Ethiopia_Acute_Food_Insecurity_2021MaySept_national.pdf
- Abai M. War in Tigray and Crimes of International Law [ Internet]. 2021. Available from: http://www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk/pages/Abiy’s-War-in-Tigray-and-Crimes-of-International-Law.pdf
- Mulugeta A, Gebregziabher M. Saving children from man-made acute malnutrition in Tigray, Ethiopia: a call to action. Lancet Glob Heal. [Internet] 2022;10:e469–70.
- Baxter P. Biafra: the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970 [Internet]. Helion and Company, Limited; 2014. Available from: https://www.google.com/books/edition/Biafra/gkbdCQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Biafra+%222+million%22&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover
- Sencer DJ. CDC’s 60th Anniversary: director’s Perspective. MMWR Wkly. 2006;55:745–749.
- Loewenstein MS, Phillips JF. Evaluation of arm circumference measurement for determining nutritional status of children and its use in an acute epidemic of malnutrition: Owerri, Nigeria, following the Nigerian Civil War. Am J Clin Nutr. 1973;26:226–233.
- Masebo TM, Fikadu BK, Mehari E, et al. The need for rigour and balance in reporting the health impacts of conflict in Tigray, Ethiopia. Br Med J Glob Heal Glob Heal. [Internet] 2021;7:1–3.
- Tarantola D. Unforgotten: Biafra 50 years later. Am J Public Heal Heal. [Internet] 2018;108:317–318.
- Desgrandchamps ML. Dealing with “genocide:” The ICRC and the UN during the Nigeria-Biafra War. J Genocide Res. 2014;16:281–297.
- Omaka AO. Mercy Angels: joint church aid and the humanitarian crisis in Biafra, 1967- 1970: international human rights and joint church aid. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; 2016. p. 189.
- DeMontclos P. Humanitarian aid and the Biafra War: lessons not learned. Africa Dev. 2009;34:69–82.
- Colwell CK ”Biafra: a Chronology of Developments Attending the Secession of the Eastern Region of Nigeria (July 15, 1969-January 12-1970.” Congressional Research Service Report of the Library of Congress Legislative Reference Service, Washington DC 1970, . https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1228961/
- Phillips JF. Biafra at 50 and the birth of emergency public health. Am J Public Health. 2018;108:731–733.
- Ifekwunigwe AE. Emergency treatment of large numbers of children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. [Internet] 1975;28:79–84.
- Arnhold R. The QUAC stick: a field measure used by the Quaker service team in Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr. 1969;15:243–247.
- Glasman J. Measuring malnutrition: the history of the MUAC tape and the commensurability of human needs. Humanity. 2018;9:19–44.
- Davis LE. Epidemiology of famine in the Nigerian crisis: rapid evaluation of malnutrition by height and arm circumference in large populations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1971;24:358–364.
- World Food Programme. Northern Ethiopia emergency response situation report #7 [Internet]. Rome, Italy; 2022. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/northern-ethiopia-emergency-response-situation-report-07
- United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Ethiopia). UN-OCHA humanitarian update situation report update of 16 Jun 2022, UN-OCHA humanitarian update situation report (Northern Ethiopia) [Internet]. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2022. Available from: https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/ethiopia/
- United Nations. UN appeals for faster passage for aid convoys to Ethiopia’s Tigray [Internet]. UN News: Global perspective Human stories. 2021. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/07/1095752
- Ghebreyesus TA. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the WHO press conference, 2022 Mar 23 [ Internet]. Director General’s Opening Remarks, WHO Press Conference, 23 March, 2022. Geneva, Switzerland. 2022 [cited 2022 Mar 23]. Internet https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-who-press-conference-23-march-2022
- Jerving S. Ethiopia suspends MSF and NRC over ‘dangerous’ accusations. Devex [ Internet]. [2021 Aug 2]. Available from: https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/ethiopia-suspends-msf-and-nrc-over-dangerous-accusations-100541
- Wang H, Tesfaye R, Ramana GNV, et al. Ethiopia health extension program: an institutionalized community approach for universal health coverage. The World Bank; 2016.
- Workie N, Ramana GNV. The health extension program in Ethiopia, UNICO Studies Series number 10 [ Internet]. Washington, D.C: The World Bank Group; 2013. Available from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13280
- Weldemichel TG. Inventing hell: how the Ethiopian and Eritrean regimes produced famine in Tigray. Hum Geogr. 2021;2021:1–5.
- Webb P, von Braun J, Yohannes Y. Famine in Ethiopia: policy implications of coping failure at national and household levels. Food Nutr Bull. 1994;15:1–2.
- Young H, Borrel A, Holland D, et al. Public nutrition in complex emergencies. Lancet. [Internet] 2004;364:1899–1909.