In vitro proliferation of Lebanese Lemna minor and Lemna gibba on different nutrient media

References

• Landolt E. Biosystematic investigation on the family of duckweeds: the family of Lemnaceae a monograph study. 1986. Veroffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes ETH, StiftungRubel, Zurich, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• Hegazy AK, Kabiel HF, Fawzy M. Duckweed as heavy metal accumulator and pollution indicator in industrial wastewater ponds. Desal Wat Treat. 2009;12:400–406. doi: 10.5004/dwt.2009.956
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allam A, Tawfik A, Negm A, et al. Treatment of drainage water containing pharmaceuticals using duckweed (Lemna gibba). En Proc. 2015;74:973–980. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.734
   Google Scholar
• Allam A, Tawfik A, El-Saadi A, et al. Potentials of using duckweed (Lemna gibba) for treatment of drainage water for reuse in irrigation purposes. Desal Wat Treat. 2016;57(1):459–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shammout M, Zakaria H. Water lentils (duckweed) in Jordan irrigation ponds as a natural water bioremediation agent and protein source for broilers. Eco Eng. 2015;83:71–77. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.05.041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismail H, Abou-Hamdan H, Kobaissi A, et al. Investigation on macrophyte development in Litani River (Lebanon) subjected to human disturbances. Eco Medi. 2009;35:31–39.
   Google Scholar
• Tohme G, Tohme H. Illustrated Flora of Lebanon, National Council for Scientific Research Publication. 2nd edition. Beirut: CNRS; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Abou-Hamdan H, Ismaïl H, Amacha N, et al. Preliminary assessment of macrophytic community in Qaraoun reservoir. Lebanon. Int J Sc Res (IJSR. 2014;3:1132–1141.
   Google Scholar
• Saadeh M, Semerjian L, Amacha N. Physicochemical evaluation of the upper Litani River watershed, Lebanon. Sci World J. 2012;2012:462–467. doi: 10.1100/2012/462467
   Google Scholar
• Haydar C, Nehme N, Awad S, et al. Physiochemical and microbial assessment of water quality in the Upper Litani River Basin. Lebanon. J Env and Earth Sc. 2014;4:87–98.
   Google Scholar
• Korfali K, Jurdi M, Amacha N. Sources and levels of metals in the Upper Litani Basin soils: Lebanon. J Env Sci Eng. 2014;3:55–71.
   Google Scholar
• Abou-Hamdan H, Ismail H, Mouawad R, et al. Macrophytic communities of Ghouzaiel, a Mediterranean river of Bekaa plain (Lebanon) with anthropic disturbances. Int J Inno Res Sc Eng. 2014;2:430–442.
   Google Scholar
• Amacha N, Karam F, Jerdi M, et al. Assessment of the efficiency of a pilot constructed wetland on the remediation of water quality; case study of Litani River. Lebanon. Env Pollut Clim Chan. 2017;1:119–125.
   Google Scholar
• Ziegler P, Adelmann K, Zimmer S, et al. Relative in vitro growth rates of duckweeds (Lemnaceae) – the most rapidly growing higher plants. Plant Biol. 2015;17:33–41. doi: 10.1111/plb.12184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landesman L, Fedler C, Duan R, et al. Eutrophication: causes, consequences and control. In: Ansari S, editor. Plant nutrient phytoremediation using duckweed. Berlin: Springer Science + Business Media B.V.; 2011. p. 341–354.
   Google Scholar
• Stomp A. The duckweeds: A valuable plant for biomanufacturing. Biotech Ann Rev. 2005;11:69–99. doi: 10.1016/S1387-2656(05)11002-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant. 1962;15:473–497. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenk RU, Hildebrandt AC. Medium and techniques for induction and growth of Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous. Plant Cell Cult. 1972;50:199–204.
   Google Scholar
• OECD 221. Guidelines for the testing of chemicals. Revised proposal for a new guideline 221. Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test. 2006.
   Google Scholar
• ISO 20079:2006. Water quality – determination of the toxic effect of water constituents and waste water to duckweed (Lemna minor) – Duckweed growth inhibition test. 2007. BS EN ISO ICS 13.060.70.
   Google Scholar
• FAO. Duckweed: A tiny aquatic plant with enormous potential for agriculture and environment. Rome: FAO production book; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Appenroth KJ. Media for in vitro cultivation of duckweed. Inter St Com Du Res App (ISCDRA). 2015;3:180–203.
   Google Scholar
• Czako M, Feng X, He Y, et al. In vitro propagation of wetland monocots for phytoremediation. In: Mackova M., Dowling D., Macek T., editors. Phytoremediation Rhizoremediation. Dordrecht: Springer; 2006. p. 217–225.
   Google Scholar
• Naumann B, Eberius M, Appenroth KJ. Growth rate based dose–response relationships and EC-values of ten heavy metals using the duckweed growth inhibition test (ISO 20079) with Lemna minor L. clone St. J Plant Phys. 2007;164:1656–1664. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2006.10.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khellaf N, Zerdaoui M, Faure O. Growth response of the duckweed Lemna minor to heavy metal pollution. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2010;6:161–166.
   Google Scholar
• Horemans N, Hees MV, Senen E, et al. Influence of nutrient medium composition on uranium toxicity and choice of the most sensitive growth related endpoint in Lemna minor. J Env Radio. 2016;151:427–437. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.06.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kittiwongwattana C, Vuttipongchaikij S. Effects of nutrient media on vegetative growth of Lemna minor and Landoltia punctata during in vitro and ex vitro cultivation. Maejo Inter J Sci Tech. 2013;7(01):60–69.
   Google Scholar
• Yu C, Sun C, Yu L, et al. Comparative analysis of duckweed cultivation with sewage water and SH media for production of fuel ethanol. Plos One. 2014;9(12):e115023. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemon GD, Posluszny U, Husband BC. Potential and realized rates of vegetative reproduction in Spirodela polyrhiza, Lemna minor, and Wolffia borealis. Aqu Bot. 2001;70:79–87. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3770(00)00131-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge X, Zhang N, Phillips GC, et al. Growing Lemna minor in agricultural wastewater and converting the duckweed biomass to ethanol. Biores Tech. 2012;124:485–488. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel H, Ramchandra S, Patel PK. Effect of different nutrient medium on growth of Lemna gibba during in vitro culture. Inter J Pharma and Bio Sci. 2015;6(4):193–198.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang K, Chen YP, Zhang TT, et al. The logistic growth of duckweed (Lemna minor) and kinetics of ammonium uptake. Env Tech. 2014;35(5):562–567. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2013.837937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulet RR, Thompson YPA, Serben KC, et al. Impact of environmentally based chemical hardness on uranium speciation and toxicity in six aquatic species. Env Tox Chem. 2015;34(3):562–574. doi: 10.1002/etc.2834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radic S, Stipanicev D, Cvjetko P, et al. Duckweed Lemna minor as a tool for testing toxicity and genotoxicity of surface waters. Ecotox Env Safety. 2011;74:182–187. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.06.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mkandawire M, Teixeira daSilva JA, Dudel EG. The Lemna bioassay: Contemporary issues as the most standardized plant bioassay for aquatic ecotoxicology. Crit Rev Env Sc Tech. 2014;44(2):154–197. doi: 10.1080/10643389.2012.710451
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann MJ. Response diversity of free-floating plants to nutrient stoichiometry and temperature: growth and resting body formation. PeerJ. 2016;4:e1781. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1781
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar