References
- Feldstein, S. B., 1998: An observational study of the intraseasonal poleward propagation of zonal mean flow anomalies, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2516–2529
- Hayashi, Y., 1982: Space-time spectral analysis and its applications to atmospheric waves, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 156-171. Hayashi, Y., and D. G Golder., 1993: Tropical 40-50- and 25-30-day oscillations appearing in realistic and idealized GFDL climate models and the ECMWF dataset,Atmos. Sci., 50,464–494
- James, P. M., K. Fraedrich, and I. N. James, 1994: Wave-zonal-flow interaction and ultra-low-frequency variability in a simplified global circulation model, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 120, 1045–1067
- Kidson, J. W., 1988: Indices of the Southern Hemisphere zonal wind, J. Climate, 1, 183–194
- Lee, S., and S. Feldstein, 1996: Mechanism of zonal index evolution in a two-layer model, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2232–2246
- Lee, S., S. W. Son, K. Grise, et al., 2007: A mechanism for the poleward propagation of zonal mean flow anomalies, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 849–868
- Lorenz, D. J., and D. L. Harmann, 2001: Eddy-zonal flow feedback in the Southern Hemisphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3312–3327. Lorenz, D. J., and D. L. Hartmann, 2003: Eddy-zonal flow feedback in the Northern Hemisphere winter, J. Climate, 16, 1212–1227. Namias, J., 1950: The index cycle and its role in the general circulation, J. Meteor., 7, 130–139
- Riehl, H., T. C. Yeh, and N. E. La seur, 1950: A study of variations of the general circulation, J. Meteor., 7, 181–194
- Robinson, W. A., 1991: The dynamics of the zonal index in a simple model of atmosphere, Tellus, 43A, 295–305
- Robinson, W. A., 1994: Eddy feedback on the zonal index and ed-dy-zonal flow interactions induced by zonal flow transience, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2553–2562
- Robinson, W. A., 1996: Does eddy feedback sustain variability in the zonal index? J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3556–3569
- Rossby, C. G., 1939: Relation between variations in intensity of the zonal circulation of the atmosphere and the displacements of the semi-permanent centers of action, J. Mar. Res., 2, 38–55
- Son, S-W., and S. Lee., 2005: The response of westerly jets to ther-mal driving in a primitive equation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 3741–3757
- Son, S-W., and S. Lee., 2006: Preferred modes of variability and their relationship with climate change, J. Climate, 19, 2063–2075
- Teng, H., and B. Wang, 2003: Interannual variations of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation in the Asian-Pacific region, J. Climate, 16, 3572–3584
- Thompson, D. W. J., and J. M. Wallace, 2000: Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part I: Month-to-month variability, J. Climate, 13, 1000–1016
- Trenberth, K. E., 1984: Interannual variability of the Southem Hemisphere circulation: Representativeness of the year of the global weather experiment, Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 108–123
- Uppala, S. M., P. W. KÁllberg, A. J. Simmons, et al., 2005: The ERA-40 reanalysis, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961–3012
- Yu, J. J., and D. L. Hartmann, 1993: Zonal flow vacillation and eddy forcing in a simple GCM of the atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3244–3259