Has the regional Hadley circulation over western Pacific during boreal winter been strengthening in recent decades?

References

• Andersson, E., P. Bauer, A. Beljaars, F. Chevallier, E. Hólm, M. Janisková, P. Kållberg, et al. 2005. “Assimilation and Modeling of the Atmospheric Hydrological Cycle in the ECMWF Forecasting System”. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 86: 387–402. doi:10.1175/BAMS-86-3-387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S. F., K. Wei, W. Chen, and L. Y. Song. 2014. “Regional Changes in the Annual Mean Hadley Circulation in Recent Decades.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119: 7815–7832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compo, G. P., J. S. Whitaker, P. D. Sardeshmukh, N. Matsui, R. J. Allan, X. Yin, B. E. Gleason, et al. 2011. “The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project”. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 137: 1–28. doi:10.1002/qj.776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, S. M., and K. H. Rosenlof. 2012. “A Multidiagnostic Intercomparison of Tropical-Width Time Series Using Reanalyses and Satellite Observations.” Journal of Climate 25: 1061–1078. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00127.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dee, D. P., S. M. Uppala, A. J. Simmons, P. Berrisford, P. Poli, S. Kobayashi, U. Andrae, et al. 2011. “The ERA-Interim Reanalysis: Configuration and Performance of the Data Assimilation Systems”. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 137: 553–597. doi:10.1002/qj.828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deser, C., A. S. Phillips, and M. A. Alexander. 2010. “Twentieth Century Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Trends Revisited.” Geophysical Research Letters 37: L10701. doi:10.1029/2010GL043321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebita, A., S. Kobayashi, Y. Ota, M. Moriya, R. Kumabe, K. Onogi, Y. Harada, et al. 2011. “The Japanese 55-Year Reanalysis “JRA-55”: An Interim Report.” Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere Sola 7: 149–152.
   Google Scholar
• Freitas, A. C. V., and T. Ambrizzi. 2015. “Recent Changes in the Annual Mean Regional Hadley Circulation and Their Impacts on South America.” Advances in Meteorology 2015 Article ID 780205. doi:10.1155/2015/780205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitas, A. C. V., L. Aímola, T. Ambrizzi, and C. P. de Oliveira. 2017. “Changes in Intensity of the Regional Hadley Cell in Indian Ocean and Its Impacts on Surrounding Regions.” Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 129: 229–246. doi:10.1007/s00703-016-0477-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, Q., C. M. Johanson, J. M. Wallace, and T. Reichler. 2006. “Enhanced Mid-Latitude Tropospheric Warming in Satellite Measurements.” Science 312: 1179. doi:10.1126/science.1125566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadley, G. 1735. “Concerning the Cause of the General Trade-Winds: By Geo. Hadley, Esq; F. R. S.” Philosophical Transactions 39: 58–62. doi:10.1098/rstl.1735.0014.
   Google Scholar
• Hastenrath, S. 2001. “In Search of Zonal Circulations in the Equatorial Atlantic Sector from the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis.” International Journal of Climatology 21: 37–47. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0088.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Held, I. M., and A. Y. Hou. 1980. “Nonlinear Axially Symmetric Circulations in a Nearly Inviscid Atmosphere.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 37: 515–533. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<0515:NASCIA>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y., and Q. Fu. 2007. “Observed Poleward Expansion of the Hadley Circulation since 1979.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7: 5229–5236. doi:10.5194/acp-7-5229-2007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y. Y., C. Zhou, and J. P. Liu. 2011. “Observational Evidence for the Poleward Expansion of the Hadley Circulation.” Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 28: 33–44. doi:10.1007/s00376-010-0032-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, R., S. Chen, W. Chen, and P. Hu. 2018. “Interannual Variability of Regional Hadley Circulation Intensity over Western Pacific during Boreal Winter and Its Climatic Impact over Asia-Australia Region.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123: 344–366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, et al. 1996. “The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project”. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 77: 437–472. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanamitsu, M., W. Ebisuzaki, J. Woollen, S.-K. Yang, J. Hnilo, M. Fiorino, and G. Potter. 2002. “NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2).” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 83: 1631–1643. doi:10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamurti, T. N. 1971. “Tropical East-West Circulations during the Northern Summer.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 28: 1342–1347. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<1342:TEWCDT>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, J., G. A. Vecchi, and T. Reichler. 2007. “Correction to “Expansion of the Hadley Cell under Global Warming”.” Geophysical Research Letters 34: L14808. doi:10.1029/2007GL030931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas, C., B. Timbal, and H. Nguyen. 2014. “The Expanding Tropics: A Critical Assessment of the Observational and Modeling Studies.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 5: 89–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J., and J. P. Li. 2008. “The Principal Modes of Variability of the Boreal Winter Hadley Cell.” Geophysical Research Letters 35: L01808. doi:10.1029/2007GL031883.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitas, C. M., and A. Clement. 2005. “Has the Hadley Cell Been Strengthening in Recent Decades?” Geophysical Research Letters 32: L03809. doi:10.1029/2004GL021765.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitas, C. M., and A. Clement. 2006. “Recent Behavior of the Hadley Cell and Tropical Thermodynamics in Climate Models and Reanalyses.” Geophysical Research Letters 33: L01810. doi:10.1029/2005GL024406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, H., A. Evans, C. Lucas, I. Smith, and B. Timbal. 2013. “The Hadley Circulation in Reanalyses: Climatology, Variability, and Change.” Journal of Climate 26: 3357–3376. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00224.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, H., H. H. Hendon, E.-P. Lim, G. Boschat, E. Maloney, and B. Timbal. 2017. “Variability of the Extent of the Hadley Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere: A Regional Perspective.” Climate Dynamics 21: 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Oort, A. H., and J. J. Yienger. 1996. “Observed Interannual Variability in the Hadley Circulation and Its Connection to ENSO.” Journal of Climate 9: 2751–2767. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2751:OIVITH>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quan, X.-W., H. F. Diaz, and M. P. Hoerling. 2004. “Changes in the Tropical Hadley Cell since 1950.” In The Hadley Circulation: Present, Past, and Future, edited by H. F. Diaz and R. S. Bradley, 85–120. New York: Kluwer Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Saha, S., S. Moorthi, H.-L. Pan, X. Wu, J. Wang, S. Nadiga, P. Tripp, et al. 2010. “The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis”. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 91: 1015–1057. doi:10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwendike, J., P. Govekar, M. J. Reeder, R. Wardle, G. J. Berry, and C. Jakob. 2014. “Local Partitioning of the Overturning Circulation in the Tropics and the Connection to the Hadley and Walker Circulations.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119: 1322–1339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seidel, D. J., Q. Fu, W. J. Randel, and T. J. Reichler. 2008. “Widening of the Tropical Belt in a Changing Climate.” Nature Geoscience 1: 21–24. doi:10.1038/ngeo.2007.38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stachnik, J. P., and C. Schumacher. 2011. “A Comparison of the Hadley Circulation in Modern Reanalyses.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 116: D22102. doi:10.1029/2011JD016677.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, C., F. Kucharski, J. P. Li, F. F. Jin, I.-S. Kang, and R. Q. Ding. 2017. “Western Tropical Pacific Multidecadal Variability Forced by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.” Nature Communications 8: 15998. doi:10.1038/ncomms15998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. Z. 2002. “Atmospheric Circulation Cells Associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.” Journal of Climate 15: 399–419. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0399:ACCAWT>2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, G., W.-C. Wang, Z. B. Sun, and Z. X. Li. 2011. “Atmospheric Circulation Cells Associated with Anomalous East Asian Winter Monsoon.” Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 28: 913–926. doi:10.1007/s00376-010-0100-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, G., and Z. Wang. 2013. “Interannual Variability of the Atlantic Hadley Circulation in Boreal Summer and Its Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Activity.” Journal of Climate 26: 8529–8544. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00802.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar