Surrogacy as international business and national disgrace of Thailand

References

• Adams, A. 2010. “New Draft Law to Regulate Surrogacy in Thailand.” Thailand Law Forum 24 June http://www.thailawforum.com/new-draft-surrogacy-law-thailand.html.
   Google Scholar
• Aizura, A. Z. 2009. “Where Health and Beauty Meet: Femininity and Racialization in Thai Cosmetic Surgery Clinics.” Asian Studies Review 33 (3): 303–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aizura, A. Z. 2010. “Feminine Transformations: Gender Reassignment in Thailand.” Medical Anthropology 29 (4): 424–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashayagachat, A. 2014. “Activists Condemn Forest Blitz.” Bangkok Post 11 September: 3.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014a. “MP Goes, Impasse Stays.” 8 May: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014b. “Coup d'etat: Charter Suspended.” 23 May: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014c. “Surrogacy Clinics to Face Probe.” 5 August.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014d. “Editorial: Revisit the Surrogacy Bill.” 7 August: 10.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014e. “Surrogacy Laws to Be Fast-Tracked.” 8 August: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014f. “Surrogate Dad Faces Trafficking Probe.” 9 August: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014g. “Fertility Clinic Faces Surrogacy Charges.” 12 August: 3.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014h. “NCPO Approves Surrogacy Draft Bill.” 13 August http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/health/426539/ncpo-a.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014i. “Canberra Urges Surrogacy ‘Transition.’.” 16 August: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014j. “Stranded Couples Wait on Court.” 21 August: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014k. “PM-Elect Calls for Surrogacy Constraint.” 23 August: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014l. “Shigeta Gets to End of Month.” 26 August: 4.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2014m. “Shigeta Asks to Take Babies Back To Japan.” 27 August: 3.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2015a. “‘Gammy”’ Gets Aussie Citizenship.” 21 January: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2015b. “Court Grants Shigeta Rights over 3 Babies.” 30 January: 2.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post. 2015c. “Editorial: “Surrogacy Law Will Fail.” 22 February: 10.
   Google Scholar
• Bangkok Post.news. 2015. “NLA OKs Surrogacy Ban on Foreigners.” http://bangkokpost.com/news/general/480017/nla-passes-surrogscy-ban-on-foreigners.
   Google Scholar
• BBC. News Asia. 2015. “Thailand Bans Commercial Surrogacy for Foreigners.” 20 February. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-31546717.
   Google Scholar
• Bishop, R., and L. S. Robinson. 1998. Night Market: Sexual Cultures and the Thai Economic Miracle. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Canberra Times. 2014. “Editorial: Baby Gammy Shines A Light on a Murky Practice.” 11 August.
   Google Scholar
• Chaninat & Leeds. “Surrogacy and IVF Thailand.” Accessed 18 August 2014. http:/www.chaninatandleeds.com/surrogacy-IVF.html retrieved.
   Google Scholar
• Charoensuthipan, P. 2014. “Buddhists Question Ethics of Surrogacy.” Bangkok Post 29 September, 4.
   Google Scholar
• Chokrungvaranont, P., G. Selvaggi, S. Jindarak, et al. 2014. “The Development of Sex Reassignment Surgery In Thailand: A Social Perspective.” The Scientific World Journal Vol. 2014, article ID 182981. Accessed 2 September. http://dx.doi.org/10.155/2014/182981.
   Google Scholar
• Chongcharoen, P. 2014. “Joint Force Swoops on ‘Illegal’ Resorts.” Bangkok Post27 August: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. 1996. Thai Tourism: Hill Tribes, Islands and Open-Ended Prostitution. Bangkok: White Lotus.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. 2008. “Medical Tourism in Thailand.” In Explorations in Thai Tourism, edited by E. Cohen, 225–255. Bingley UK: Emerald.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. 2012. “Fetuses in a Thai Buddhist Temple as Chaotic Irruption and Public Embarrassment.” Asian Anthropology 11(1): 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. 2014. “Tourism Encroachment on Reserved Forest Areas: A Case Study from Thailand.” Tourism Recreation Research 39 (2): 185–202.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, E. 2015. “Young Elephants in Thai Tourism—A Fatal Attraction.” In Animals and Tourism: Understanding Diverse Relationships, edited by K. Markwell. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Corben, R. 2014. “Thailand Seeks Surrogacy Transition Plan.” Herald Sun, August 23.
   Google Scholar
• Daily News. 2014. “‘I Will Take Care of Gammy on My Own:’ Thai Surrogate Mother Says She Will Take Care of the Critically-ill Down's Syndrome Baby as Fundraising for His Medical Care Tops $122,000.” August 1.
   Google Scholar
• Davey, M. 2014. “Australians Hit by Thai Surrogacy Ban Are ‘Pawns in a Disastrous Game.’” The Guardian, August 1.
   Google Scholar
• Deonandan, R., S. Green, and A. van Beinum. 2012. “Ethical Concerns for Maternal Surrogacy and Reproductive Tourism.” Journal of Medical Ethics 38: 742–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derbali, S. 2014. “Illegal Adoption Is a Form of Trafficking.” Bangkok Post. August 18: 11.
   Google Scholar
• Economic Times. 2006. “Fertility Tourism: The Choice Is Yours in Thailand.” August 7.
   Google Scholar
• Ekachai, S. 2014. “Bridge Saga Shows Public Still Left Out.” Bangkok Post September 10: 9.
   Google Scholar
• Ekman, K. E. 2014. Being and Being Bought: Prostitution, Surrogacy and the Split Self. North Melbourne: Spinifex Press.
   Google Scholar
• Embassy of the United States Bangkok. Accessed 13 February 2015. http:/Bangkok.usembassy.gov/surrogacy.html.
   Google Scholar
• Fernquest, J. 2014. “Shigeta Wants 20 Babies to Inherit Fortune.” Bangkok Post Online News. Accessed 10 September. http://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/learning-from-news/431500/Shigeta-wants-20-babies-to-inherit-fortune.
   Google Scholar
• Ferraretti, A. P., G. Pennings, L. Gianaroli, et al. 2010. “Cross-Border Reproductive Care: A Phenomenon Expressing the Controversial Aspects of Reproductive Technologies.” Reproductive BioMedicine Online 20: 261–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, M. 2009. Surrogate Motherhood: The Legal and Human Issues. Expanded Edition Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Find Surrogate Mother.Com. “Surrogacy Thailand: Destinations for Third Party Reproduction.” Accessed on 18 August 2014. http://www.findsurrogatemother.com/surrogacy/thailand.
   Google Scholar
• Halpin, D. 2014. “Interpol ‘warned’ of Serial Surrogacy.” Bangkok Post August 14.
   Google Scholar
• Halpin, D., and C. Yongcharoenchai. 2014. “B5m to Fund Surgery for Rejected Baby.” Bangkok Post. August 3.
   Google Scholar
• Halpin, D., C. Yongcharoenchai, and T. Thongnoi. 2014. “The Need to Fill the Void.” Bangkok Post, Spectrum 7 (32): 3–7.
   Google Scholar
• Herman, S. 2014. “Surrogacy Hub Thailand to Restrict ‘Rent A Womb’ Services.” Voice of America. August 15. Accessed on 19 August 2014. http://www.voanews.com/content/surrogacy-hub-thailand-to-restrict-rent-a-womb-services/2414210html retrieved.
   Google Scholar
• Hibino, Y., and Y. Shimazono. 2014. “Becoming a Surrogate Online: ‘Message Board’ Surrogacy in Thailand.” Asian Bioethics Review 5 (1): 56–72.
   Google Scholar
• IVF Conceptions. “Surrogacy in Thailand.” Accessed 18 August 2014. http://www.ivfconceptionscom/surrogacy-thailand.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, P. A. 2004. “The Thai Regime of Images.” Sojourn 19 (2): 181–218.
   Google Scholar
• Jikkham, P. 2014. “Struggling Petchabun is Thailand's Baby Farm.” Bangkok Post. 24 August: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, M. 2011. “Clinics of Oblivion: Makeover Culture and Cosmetic Surgery Tourism.” Portal: Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 8 (2): 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• King, S. 2014. “Gammy Sparks Call for Surrogacy Reform.” The Independent. 4 August.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J. [2010]. “Surrogacy Laws in Thailand.” Thai Law Online. Accessed 19 August 2014. http://thatlawonline.com/th/family/children/surogacy-laws-in-thailand.html.
   Google Scholar
• Maneerit, K. 2014. “Ministry Seeks Action Against Fertility Clinic.” The Nation. 15 August.
   Google Scholar
• Macer, D. 2014. “Ethical Conditions for Transnational Gestational Surrogacy in Asia.” American Journal of Bioethics 14 (5): 1–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millbank, J. 2013. “Resolving the Dilemma of Legal Parentage for Australians Engaged in International Surrogacy.” Australian Journal of Family Law 27 (2)
   Google Scholar
• Mohapatra, S. 2012. “Stateless Babies and Adoption Scams: A Bioethcal Analysis of International Commercial Surrogacy.” Berkeley Journal of International Law 30 (2): 412–440.
   Google Scholar
• Mortazavi, S. 2011. “It Takes a Village to Make a Child: Creating Guidelines for International Surrogacy.” Georgetown Law Journal 100: 2249–2290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdoch, L. 2014a. “Australian Couple Leaves Down Syndrome Baby with Thai Surrogate.” Sydney Morning Herald. August 1.
   Google Scholar
• Murdoch, L. 2014b. “Two Australian Couples with Surrogate Babies Stopped at Bangkok Airport as New Laws Revealed.” Sydney Morning Herald. August 14.
   Google Scholar
• Nakash, A., and J. Herdiman. 2007. “Surrogacy.” Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 27 (3): 246–251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narin, S. 2011. “The Invisible Community of Surrogate Mums.” The Phnom Penh Post. October 16.
   Google Scholar
• New Hope Fertility Center. 2011. “Malaysian Surrogacy Law.” March 2. Accessed 9 September 2014. http://bestivf.newhopefertility.com/ivf-blog/malaysian-surrogacy-law.
   Google Scholar
• Norris-Ongso, P. 2014. “Update on Thailand Surrogacy Law.” 1 August 2014. Accessed 8 September 2014. http://iptlaw.com.au/Content/2014/08/update-on-thailand-surrogacy-law-1-august-2014.
   Google Scholar
• Osathanon, P. 2014. “Japanese Sought in Surrogacy Scam Flees.” The Nation. 8 August.
   Google Scholar
• Pande, A. 2010. “Commercial Surrogacy in India: Manufacturing a Perfect Mother-Worker.” Signs 35 (4): 269–992.
   Google Scholar
• Page, S. 2014. “Thai Surrogacy Screeches to a Halt.” Q News. 6 August.
   Google Scholar
• Pande. 2011. “Transnational Commercial Surrogacy in India: Gifts for Global Sister?” Reproductive BioMedicine Online 23: 618–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlman, J. 2014. “Australian Couple Abandon Surrogate Twin with Down's Syndrome–But Keep His Sister.” The Telegraph. August 1.
   Google Scholar
• Pearlman, J., and D. Forgan. 2014. “Australian Couple Deny Leaving Child in Thailand and Taking Healthy Sister.” The Telegraph. August 5.
   Google Scholar
• Perry, K. .2013. “Wombs For Hire—The Darker Side to International Surrogacy.” Nelbie: TV and Entertainment News Australia. Accessed 10 August 2014. http://nelbie.com/kevmarl/2013/10/29/wombs-for-hire-the-darker-side-to-international-surrogacy.
   Google Scholar
• Ponce, R. n.d. “Surrogacy and Adoption in Thailand.” Siam Legal International. Accessed 19 August 2014. http://www.hg.org/article.asp?id = 19371.
   Google Scholar
• Poungchompoo, P. 2014. “Sex-Selection Reports Trigger Investigation of Fertility Clinics.” The Nation. July 25.
   Google Scholar
• Rawlinson, K. A. 2014. “Interpol Investigates “Baby Factory” as Man Fathers 16 Surrogate Children.” The Guardian. August 23.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, D., and W. Watcharasakwet. 2014. “Thai Baby's Plight Raises Questions on Global Surrogacy Rules.” The Wall Street Journal. August 3.
   Google Scholar
• Rotabi, K. S., and N. F. Bromfield. 2012. “The Decline in Intercountry Adoptions and New Practices of Global Surrogacy.” Aflilia 27 (2): 29–141.
   Google Scholar
• Sarnsamak, P. 2013. “Medical Body to Revise Surrogacy Regulations.” The Nation. September 14.
   Google Scholar
• Sattaburuth, A. 2015. “Surrogacy Bill Receives House Seal of Approval.” Bangkok Post. February 21: 2.
   Google Scholar
• Schenker, J. G. 1992. “Religious Views Regarding Treatment of Infertility by Assisted Reproduction Technologies.” Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 9 (1): 3–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, A. 2014. “Making Babies in Bangkok.” Southeast Asia Globe. February 3.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. 2014. “Mother Country: The Harrowing Truth Behind Thai ‘Fertility Tourism’.” The Independent. August 3.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, R. 2014. “Thai Surrogacy Scandal: The Difference between Begotten and Made.” National Catholic Register. August 7.
   Google Scholar
• Thailand Law Forum. 2014. “Thailand Draft Surrogacy Law.” Accessed 5 October 2014. http://www.thailawforum.com/thailand-draft-surrogacy-law/.
   Google Scholar
• Thailand Surrogacy Law., Accessed 8 September 2014. http://www.thaland-surrogacy-law.com/medical-council-of-thailand-some-related-notifications/.
   Google Scholar
• Thanh Nien News. 2014. “Vietnam Allows Surrogacy within Families, Denies Same-Sex Marriage.” June 20.
   Google Scholar
• The Nation. 2014a. “Raid on Bangkok Clinic Linked to Surrogacy Fiasco.” August 6.
   Google Scholar
• The Nation. 2014b. “Probe into Japanese ‘Dad’ Eyes Baby Trafficking Intent.” August 9.
   Google Scholar
• The Nation. 2014c. “Draft Surrogacy Bill Ready for NLA; Ministry Wants Public Input.” August 14.
   Google Scholar
• Thepbamrung, N. 2014. “The Great Phuket Cleanup.” Bangkok Post, Spectrum. July 13: 6–9.
   Google Scholar
• Thongnoi, J. 2014. “Babies a Click Away, for Clucky Parents.” Bangkok Post, Spectrum 7 (32): 6–7.
   Google Scholar
• Thongnoi, J., and D. Halpin. 2014. “Japanese Mystery Man Leaves a Tangled Trail in Surrogacy Case.” Bangkok Post. August 17.
   Google Scholar
• Thungkasemvathana, P. 2014. “Just Think about It, Baby.” Bangkok Post, Life. August 29: 2.
   Google Scholar
• Topping, A., and B. Foster. 2014. “Baby Gammy May Be Given Australian Citizenship, Government Suggests.” The Guardian. August 4.
   Google Scholar
• Trimmings, K., and P. Beaumont. 2011. “International Surrogacy Arrangements: An Urgent Need for Legal Regulation at the International Level.” Journal of Private International Law 7 (3): 627–647.
   Google Scholar
• Vora, K. 2013. “Potential, Risk, and Return in Transnational Indian Gestational Surrogacy.” Current Anthropology 54, Supplement 7: S97–S106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wangkiat, P. 2014a. “Japanese Man in Babies Case Gives ‘DNA.’.” Bangkok Post. August 19: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Wangkiat, P. 2014b. “Shigeta Told to Give DNA ‘In Person.’.” Bangkok Post. August 20: 1.
   Google Scholar
• Wangkiat, P., and K. O. Laohong. 2014. “Experts Clash on Surrogacy Proposals.” Bangkok Post. August 30: 4.
   Google Scholar
• Wangkiat, P., L. Intathep, and T. Tansubhapol. 2014. “Surrogacy Law to Tackle Parental Rights.” Bangkok Post. August 13: 2.
   Google Scholar
• Whiteman, H. 2014. “Anxious Parents Fear for Babies as Thai Military Tightens Surrogacy Laws.” CNN, 20 August. Accessed 3 September 2014. http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/19/world/asia/thailand-surrogacy-laws-change/index.htlm.
   Google Scholar
• Wongkit, M., and B. McKercher. 2013. “Toward a Typology of Medical Tourists: A Case Study of Thailand.” Tourism Management 38: 4–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yongcharoenchai, C. 2015. “Life's a Toddle.” Bangkok Post, Spectrum. February 8: 6–9.
   Google Scholar
• Yongcharoenchai, C., and P. Wangkiat. 2014. “Gammy Has a Firm Heart, Docs Reveal.” Bangkok Post. August 6: 1.
   Google Scholar