Folk spirituality, ghosts, and tsunami death-mitigation in Iwate, Japan: a local take on the legends of tōno - story 99

References

• Akasaka, Norio, ed. 2015. 3.11 Fukkō no Torikumi kara Manabu: Shōrai wo Ikinuku Chikara 3. Bōsai wo Shiru, Nihon no Shōrai wo Kangaeru [Learning From 3.11 Recovery Plans: Strength to Live Fully In the Future, 3. Learning About Prevention, Thinking About Japan’s Future]. Smile Tōhoku Project. 36.
   Google Scholar
• Aramata, Hiroshi and Katsuhiko Takahashi. 2010. Iwate Fushigitabi [Strange Travels in Iwate]. Tokyo. Kabushikigaisha Jitsugyō no Nihonsha.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, Jackson H. 1991. Ordinary People, Extraordinary Lives: Political and Economic Change in a Tōhoku Village. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press. doi: 10.1086/ahr/98.4.1306-a.
   Google Scholar
• Befu, Harumi. 1971. Japan: An Anthropological Introduction. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. 100–101.
   Google Scholar
• Gotō, Soichirō et al. 2013. Tōno Monogatari Kōgo Yaku [Tales of Tōno in the Spoken Word]. Tokyo: Kawade Shoin Shinsha, 177–178.
   Google Scholar
• HBE (Hanamaki Board of Education). 2008. Kuyō Egaku ni Miru Raisei no Sugata: Kuyō Egaku to Iei ni yoru Kuyō Shūkan [The Image of the Afterlife Portrayed Through Kuyō Egaku: Kuyō Egaku and Memorial Customs Represented Through Posthumous Portraits]. Hanamaki Board of Education Traditional Arts Video Preservation Project. Studio Higashi Nihon Inc. March.
   Google Scholar
• Inoue, Hisashi. 1980. Shinshaku Tōno Monogatari - Shinchō Bunko [New Tales of Tōno, Consolidated Paperback Edition]. Tokyo: Shinchōsha.
   Google Scholar
• Ishii, Masami. 2009. Tōno Monogatari wo Yominuku [Fully Comprehending the Legends of Tōno]. Tokyo: Bonjinsha. 116–119.
   Google Scholar
• Ishii, Masami. 2014. NHK Telebi Text: 100 Pun de Meichō – Yanagita Kunio, Tōno Monogatari [Japan Broadcasting Company (NHK) Television Text: Mastering Yanagita Kunio and the Legends of Tōno In 100 Minutes]. Tokyo: NHK Publishing. 65–70, 77–81.
   Google Scholar
• Ishii, Masami. 2013. Sekitani Seminar Blog. June 19. http://d.ne.jp/sekiya_itiro/20140619/1403143745.
   Google Scholar
• Kadoya, Mitsuaki. 1998. Meikai - Egakareta Jigoku, Gokuraku, Kaiki [Life After Death: Portrayals of Hell and Paradise, Explanatory Booklet]. Kitakami Shiritsu Oni no Yakata Dai Kyūkai Kikakuten Kaiki. [Kitakami Oni Museum 9th Exhibition. October 10 - November 23.
   Google Scholar
• Kanebishi, Kiyoshi. Edt. 2016. Yobisamasareru Reisei no Shinsaigaku: 3.11 Sei to Shi No Hazama de [Disaster Research and Spirituality of the Afterlife: On the Threshold Of Life and Death After 3.11]. Tōhoku Gakuin Earthquake Disaster Project, Kanebishi Seminar. Tokyo: Shinyōsha
   Google Scholar
• Kojima, Setsuko and Gene Crane. 1991. Japanese-English Dictionary of Japanese Culture (Nihon Shōkai Jiten). Union City CA: Heian International.
   Google Scholar
• Kuchitsu, Nobuaki and Noriko Shimomura. 2002. “Change in the Dominant Blue Pigments Used for Votive Tablets of the Late Edo Period: A Case Study of Kuyô Egaku.” Hozon Kagaku 41: 121–29.
   Google Scholar
• Kuroki, Aruji, ed. 2016. Nagisa nite Anohikara no Michinokukaidan [At the Water’s Edge Ghost Stories From That Day On]. Sendai: Araemishi.
   Google Scholar
• Kusky, Timothy M. 2003. Geological Hazards: A Sourcebook. USA. Greenwood Publishing Group. 94.
   Google Scholar
• Kyōgoku, Natsuhiko. 2014. Tōno Monogatari Shūi Retold [Tales of Tōno Gleanings, Retold]. Tokyo. Kadokawa Gakugei Shuppan.
   Google Scholar
• Maekawa, Saori. 2018. Curator at Tōno Municipal Museum, Tōno, Iwate. E-mail Correspondence with author. 5, 7, 15, 25 October.
   Google Scholar
• Meiji Sanriku Earthquake World History Project. 2003. “June 15, 1896: Meiji Sanriku Earthquake.” Accessed July 21, 2018. https://worldhistoryproject.org/1896/6/15/meiji-sanriku-earthquake.
   Google Scholar
• Miyake, Hitoshi. 1999. Nihon no Minzoku Shûkyô [Folk Religion In Japan]. Tokyo: Kodansha.
   Google Scholar
• Mockett, Marie Mutsuki. 2016. Where the Dead Pause and the Japanese Say Goodbye. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 223–252.
   Google Scholar
• Morse, Ronald, Trans. 1975. The Legends of Tōno, by Kunio Yanagida. Tokyo: The Japan Foundation. 69–71.
   Google Scholar
• Morse, Ronald, Trans. 2015. Folk Legends From Tōno, by Sasaki Kizen. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ix–x, xiii, 141–143.
   Google Scholar
• Neko, Hideo. 1994. Unpublished Fieldnotes documenting ghostly encounters of senior citizens with loved ones and friends at any point in their lives, recorded between 1992 - 1996 in Tōno City, Iwate, Japan, given to author on 28, September.
   Google Scholar
• Neko, Hideo. 2001. “Kuyō Egaku ni Tsuite: Iwate-ken Chūbu Chihō no Jijō Kara. Tōhoku Minzokugaku Kenkyū” [“Regarding Kuyō Egaku: Based on the Circumstances in the Central Region of Iwate Prefecture”]. Vol. 7. January.
   Google Scholar
• NHK. 2014. TV Program. Rekishi Hiwa Historia (Secrets of [Japanese] History: Historia), Yōkai to Kamisama no Fushigina Sekai: Tōno Monogatari wo Meguru Kokoro no Tabi (The Strange World of Goblins and the Divine: A Spiritual Pilgrimage to Tōno). Episode 3: Tōno Monogatari to Tsunami: Aisuru Kazoku to no Wakare [Tōno and the Tsunami: Farewell to Loving Family Members]. Originally aired in Japan 29 October.
   Google Scholar
• Nomura, Junichi, et al. 1992. Tōno Monogatari Shōjiten [Small Encyclopedia of The Legends of Tōno]. Tokyo. Gyōsei Shuppan.
   Google Scholar
• Okuno, Shūji. 2017. Tamashii de mo Iikara Sobani Ite: 3.11 no Reitaiken wo Kiku [Stay by my side, even if you’re only a Spirit: Inquiries Concerning Departed Spirits From 3.11]. Tokyo. Shinchōsha.
   Google Scholar
• Omoshiro Tōno Gaku. 2018. Accessed July 20. https://www.facebook.com/toknowtono/.
   Google Scholar
• Orkin, Becky. 2011. “Japan Earthquake & Tsunami of 2011: Facts and Fiction.” Accessed July 7, 2018. https://www.livescience.com/39110-japan-2011-earthquake-tsunami-facts.html.
   Google Scholar
• Oxford Dictionaries Online. 2018. “Mitigate.” Accessed July 15 https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mitigate.
   Google Scholar
• Pararas-Carayannis, George. 2018. “Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 3 March 1933 In Sanriku.” Accessed July 14. http://drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami1933JapanSanriku.html.
   Google Scholar
• Parry, Richard Lloyd. 2017. Ghosts of the Tsunami. London. Jonathan Cape. 92–108. doi: 10.1086/ahr/83.1.170-a.
   Google Scholar
• Reader, Ian. 1991. “Letters to the Gods: The Form and Meaning of Ema.” Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 18 (1): 23–50.
   Google Scholar
• Sakata, Yukiko et al. 1995. Informative Japanese Dictionary. Tokyo. Shinchōsha, 932.
   Google Scholar
• Shimura, Kunihiro, ed. 2013. Zusetu Chizu to Arasuji de Wakaru: Tōno Monogatari [The Legends of Tōno Explained Via Charts and Summaries]. Tokyo. Seishun Shuppansha.
   Google Scholar
• Shultz, Emily A., and Robert H. Lavenda. 2009. Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 67–87.
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi, Takeshi. 1986. Emishi: Kodai Tōhokujin no Rekishi [Emishi: The Ancient History of the Tōhoku People]. Tokyo: Chūō Kōronsha. 53.
   Google Scholar
• The Asahi Shimbun. 2018. “No tsunami big enough to wash away late Yoshi Tabata’s legacy.” Vox Populi, 2 February.
   Google Scholar
• The Japan Times. 2014. Images of 1896 Sanriku Quake. https://www.japantimes. co.jp/news/2014/03/26/national/history/images-of-1896-sanriku quake found/#.WyKkMKknagR>.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, C. 2014. “Are You Coming to the Matsuri? Tsunami Recovery and Folk Performance Culture on Iwate’s Rikuchū Coast.” The Asia-Pacific Journal. 12 (5): 2.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, Christopher. 2009. “Holding On While Letting Go: Dealing With Death Through Kuyō Egaku in 19th Century Iwate.” Japan Studies Association Journal 7: 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, Christopher. 2010. “Visions of the Afterlife: Nineteenth Century Posthumous Votive Portraiture in Iwate, Japan, Rediscovered.” Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 22 (2): 2. doi: 10.3138/jrpc.22.2.002.
   Google Scholar
• Tōno Museum. 2001. Kuyō Egaku: Nokosareta Kazoku no Negai, Tōno Shiritsu Hakubutsukan Dai 43 Kai Tokubetsuten [Kuyō Egaku: The Wishes of Family Left Behind - Tōno City Museum 43rd Special Exposition (Explanatory Book)]. Tōno City Tōno City Museum: Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Morioka. Kawuchi Insatsugaisha.
   Google Scholar
• Uchida, Tatsuru, and Tesshu Shaku. 2014. “Nihon Reiseiron [Theory of Japanese Spirituality].” NHK Shuppan Shinsho 442.
   Google Scholar
• Udagawa, Keisuke. 2016. Shinsaigo no Fushigina Hanashi: Sanriku no Yūrei [Strange Stories Following the Earthquake Disaster: Ghosts of the Sanriku]. Tokyo. Kabushikigaisha Hatoshima Shinsha.
   Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi, Yaichiro, ed. 2013. Tsunami to Mura [Tsunami and the Village]. Tokyo. Miyaishoten, 213–227.
   Google Scholar
• Yanagita Kunio. 1930. “Ema to Uma” [“Ema and Horses”]. In Tabi to Densetsu, Vol. 3, 71–73.
   Google Scholar
• Yanagita, Kunio. 1910. Tōno Monogatari [The Legends of Tōno]. Tokyo, Chiyoda: Kadokawa Shoten.
   Google Scholar
• Yanagita, Kunio. 1928. Yukiguni no Haru [Spring in the Snow Country]. Texas: Okashoin. 205–208.
   Google Scholar
• Yanagita, Kunio. 1955. Tōno Monogatari Shūi Tsuki [The Legends of Tōno Including the Gleanings]. Tokyo: Kadokawa Bunko.
   Google Scholar
• Yokoo, Michio, ed. 2012. “Yanagita Kunio to Tōno Monogatari: Nihon, Oyobi Nihonjin no Genfūkei.” [“Yanagita Kunio and The Legends of Tōno: The Original Japan and Japanese”]. Tokyo: Town Mook, 56–57.
   Google Scholar