References

• Barnett, T., 2004. HIV/AIDS and development concern us all, Journal of International Development 16 (2004), pp. 943–949.
   Google Scholar
• Bicego, G., Rutstein, S., and Johnson, K., 2003. Dimensions of the emerging orphan crisis in sub-Saharan Africa, Social Science & Medicine 56 (2003), pp. 1235–2147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booysen, F., and Arntz, T., 2002. Children of the storm: HIV/AIDS and Children in South Africa, Social Dynamics 28 (1) (2002), pp. 170–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray, R., 2003. Predicting the social consequences of orphanhood in South Africa, African Journal of AIDS Research 2 (1) (2003), pp. 39–55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Broodryk, J., 2002. Ubuntu: Life lessons from Africa. Pretoria: Ubuntu School of Philosophy; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Cape Gateway, 2010. The Government of SA — Services: Grants and Pensions. 2010, http://www,capegateway.gov/za/eng/your_gov/595/services/11586, accessed on 28/01/10.
   Google Scholar
• Case, A., and Ardington, C., 2004. The impact of parental death on school enrolment and achievement: longitudinal evidence from South Africa. Centre for Social Science Research Working Paper No. 97. Cape Town: University of Cape Town; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Case, A., Paxson, C., and Ableidinger, J., 2004. Orphans in Africa: Parental death, poverty, and school enrolment, Demography 41 (2004), pp. 483–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Case, A., Hosegood, V., and Lund, F., 2005. The reach and impact of Child Support Grants: evidence from KwaZulu-Natal, Development Southern Africa 22 (4) (2005), pp. 467–482.
   Google Scholar
• Croke, G., 2003. Situating the HIV/AIDS epidemic in a historical context: A case study of orphans in Nguludi Mission Community, Malawi. Cape Town: University of Cape Town; 2003, Unpublished Master thesis, Faculty of Humanities.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health, 2008. Summary Report: National HIV and Syphilis Antenatal sero-prevalence survey in South Africa, 2008. Pretoria: Government Press; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Social Development, 2008. Media briefing on orphans and vulnerable children in South Africa. Presented at Presentation by Director: Child Protection; Ms M Ngcobo-Mbere. 27, October, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• De Lannoy, A., and Lake, L., 2009. "Children's access to education". In: Pendlebury, S., Lake, L., and Smith, C., eds. South African Child Gauge — 2008/2009. Cape Town: Children Institute, University of Cape Town; 2009. pp. 82–89.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, M., Nkomo, N., and Kleintjies, S., 2004. Guardianship in the time of HIV/AIDS — realties, perceptions and projections. Pretoria: HSRC; 2004, Unpulished.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, G., Makufa, C., Drew, R., Kambeu, S., and Saurome, K., 1996. Supporting children in need through a community-based orphan visiting programme, AIDS Care 8 (4) (1996), pp. 389–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, G., Shakespeare, R., Chinemana, F., Jackson, H., Gregson, S., and Marange, C., 1995. Orphan prevalence and extended family care in a peri-urban community in Zimbabwe, AIDS Care 7 (1995), pp. 3–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giese, S., Mentjies, H., Croke, R., and Chamberlaine, R., 2003. Recommendations for health and social services for orphans and other vulnerable children in the context of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, Child & Youth Care 21 (4) (2003), pp. 11–13.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, M. R., and Palmiere, A. D., 2003. When tea is a luxury: The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, African Studies 62 (2) (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Hellman, E., 1956. The development of social groupings among urban Africans in the Union of South Africa. Social implications of industrialisation and urbanisation in Africa south of Sahara. London: International African Institute; 1956.
   Google Scholar
• Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), 2003. Orphans and Vulnerable Children Census data. Pretoria: HSRC; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Hosegood, V., Preston-Whyte, E., Busza, J., Moitse, S., and Timaeus, I. M., 2007. Revealing the full extent of households' experiences of HIV and AIDS in rural South Africa, Social Science & Medicine 65 (2007), pp. 1249–1259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iliffe, J., 2006. The African AIDS epidemic: a history. Athens: Ohio University Press; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS (JLICA), 2009. Home truths: Facing the facts on children, AIDS, and poverty. 2009, http://www.jlica.org/resources/publications.php accessed on 31 May 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Jooste, S., Managa, A., and Simbayi, L., 2006. A census report of orphaned and vulnerable children in two South African communities. Pretoria: HSRC Press; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Kuo, C., and Operario, D., 2007. Challenging dominant policy paradigms of care for children orphaned by AIDS: Dynamic patterns of care in KwaZulu-Natal, Republic Of South Africa. Working Paper No. 205. Jointly published by the CSSR, UCT, and HEARD, UKZN; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Kuo, C., and Operario, D., 2009. Caring for AIDS-orphaned children: A systematic review of studies on caregivers, Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 4 (1) (2009), pp. 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, F., 2006. "Gender and social security in South Africa". In: Padayache, V., ed. The Development Decade? Economic and Social Change in South Africa, 1994–2004. Pretoria: HSRC Press; 2006. pp. 160–182, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Lochner, M., and Atkinson, D., 2006. Towards a post-mining economy in a small town: challenges, obstacles and lessons from South Africa. Bloemfontein: Centre for Development, University of the Free State; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Marais, L., 2004. "From small town to tourism Mecca: the Clarens fairy tale". In: Rogerson, C., and Visser, G., eds. Tourism and development issues in contemporary South Africa. Pretoria: Africa Institute of Southern Africa; 2004. pp. 87–104.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, E. P., and Martin, J. M., 1978. The Black extended family. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press; 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Mberengwa, L. R., and Johnson, J. M., 2003. Strengths of southern African and their cultural context, Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences 95 (1) (2003), pp. 20–25.
   Google Scholar
• Mbiti, J. S., 1969. African religion and philosophy. London: Heinemann; 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Meintjies, H., and Giese, S., 2006. Spinning the epidemic: The making of mythologies of orphanhood in the context of AIDS, Childhood 13 (2006), pp. 407–430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meintjies, H., Budlunder, D., Giese, S., and Johnson, L., 2003. Children ‘need of care’ or in need of care? Questioning social security provisions for orphans in the context of the South African AIDS pandemic. Cape Town: Children's Institute and Centre for Actuarial Research, University of Cape Town; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Mfecane, S., and Skinner, D., 2006. "A situational analysis of OVC services in the Kopanong Municipality, Free State". In: Skinner, D., and Davids, A., eds. In a situational analysis of orphans and vulnerable children in four districts of South Africa. Pretoria: HSRC Press; 2006. pp. 31–46, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Moser, C. O. N., 1996. Confronting crisis: A comparative study of household responses to poverty and vulnerability in four urban communities. Washington, DC: The World Bank; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Moser, C., 1999. Violence and poverty in South Africa: their impact on household relations and social capital. (South Africa: Poverty and Inequality — Informal Discussion Paper Series). Washington, D.C.: World Bank; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Nel, E., 2005. "Local economic development in South African small towns". In: Nel, E., and Rogerson, C. M., eds. Local economic development in the developing world. The experience of southern Africa. London: Transaction Publishers; 2005. pp. 47–68, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, E. M., and Short, S. E., 2009. Grandmother co-residence, maternal orphans, and school enrolment in Sub-Saharan Africa, Journal of Families Issues 30 (6) (2009), pp. 813–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendlebury, S., 2009. "Meaningful access to basic education". In: Pendlebury, S., Lake, L., and Smith, C., eds. South African Child Gauge — 2008/2009. Cape Town: Children Institute, University of Cape Town; 2009. pp. 24–29.
   Google Scholar
• Schapera, I., 1971. Married life in an African tribe. Basingstoke: Pengium; 1971, First published in 1941.
   Google Scholar
• Shisana, O., Rehle, T., Simbayi, L. C., Parker, W., Zuma, K., Bhana, A., Connolly, C., Jooste, S., Pillay, V., et al., 2005. Nelson Mandela/HSRC study of HIV/AIDS: South African national HIV prevalence, behaviour risks and mass media household survey, 2005. Pretoria: HSRC Press; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Shisana, O., and Simbayi, L. C., 2002. Nelson Mandela/HSRC study of HIV/AIDS: South African national HIV prevalence, behaviour risks and mass media household survey 2002. Pretoria: HSRC Press; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Simbayi, L. C., Kleintjies, S., Ngomane, T., Tabane, C. E. M., Mfecane, S., and Davids, A., 2006. Psychosocial issues affecting orphans and vulnerable children in two South African communities. Cape Town: HSRC; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• 2006a. Skinner, D., and Davids, A., eds. Multiple vulnerabilities: qualitative data for the study of orphans and vulnerable children in South Africa. Pretoria: HSRC Press; 2006a.
   Google Scholar
• Skinner, D., and Davids, A., 2006b. "Introduction". In: Skinner, D., and Davids, A., eds. A situational analysis of orphans and vulnerable children in four districts of South Africa. Pretoria: HSRC Press; 2006b. pp. 1–4, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa, 2009. General Household Survey — September 2009. Pretoria: Stats SA; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa, 2002. Census 2001. Pretoria: Stats SA; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Tamasne, T., 2009. Welfare policy and the family care in post-apartheid South Africa: Care for orphans and vulnerable children in the context of HIV/AIDS and widespread poverty in Kopanong Municipality, Free State. Cape Town: University of Cape Town; 2009, Unpublished doctoral thesis, Department of Sociology, University of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Tlabela, K., van Zyl, J., and Nkau, J., 2004. Views and attitudes of members of the Mamelodi Community regarding the care and support of orphans: Findings of a survey and a series of in-depth interviews. Pretoria: HSRC; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• UNAID, 2003. Orphans and vulnerable children: Technical Consultation Meeting Report. Washington, DC, 3–5, November, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• van der Waal, C. S., 1996. Rural children and residential instability in the Northern Province of South Africa, Social Dynamics 22 (1) (1996), pp. 113–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verner, D., and Alda, E., 2004. Youth at risk, social exclusion, and intergenerational poverty dynamics: A new survey instrument with application in Brazil. World Bank Policy Working Paper 3296. 2004, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Whiteside, A., 2007. AIDS and human capital: the missing links. Presented at African Development and the Next Generation Conference. 16th–17th, May, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, T., Giese, S., Meintjies, H., Croke, R., and Chamberlain, C., 2002. A conceptual framework for the identification, support and monitoring of children experiencing orphanhood. Children's Institute. Rondebosch: University of Cape Town; 2002.
   Google Scholar