References

  • Aday , L. and Andersen , R. M. 1974 . A framework for the study of access to medical care . Health Services Research , 9 ( 3 ) : 208 – 220 .
  • Aday , L. and Andersen , R. 1981 . Equity of access to medical care: a conceptual and empirical overview . Medical Care , 19 ( 12 ) : 4 – 27 .
  • Addo-Atuah, J., Gourley, D., Gourley, G., White-Means, S., Womeodu, R. & Faris, R. (2008). Access to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Ghana: Factors Relating to Access. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.
  • Alcorn, K. (2006). Clinton Foundation Secures Price Cuts for Efavirenz, Abacavir and Rapid HIV Tests. http://www.aidsmap.com/print/Clinton-Foundation-Secures-price-cuts-for-efavirenz-abacavir-and-rapid-HIV-tests/page/1422734 (Accessed 29 April 2011).
  • Alcorn, K. (2007). Abbott Offers Price Cut to Thwart Thai Compulsory License on Kaletra. http://www.aidsmap.com/en/page/1426260 (Accessed 29 April 2011).
  • Andersen , R. , McCutcheon , A. , Aday , L. , Chiu , Y. and Bell , R. 1983 . Exploring dimensions of access to medical care . Health Services Research , 18 ( 1 ) : 49 – 74 .
  • Beach , M. C. , Duggan , P. S. and Moore , R. D. 2007 . Is patients’ preferred involvement in health decisions related to outcomes for patients with HIV? . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 22 ( 8 ) : 1119 – 1124 .
  • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (2010). About the Foundation. http://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/Pages/overview.aspx (Accessed 10 December 2010).
  • Boyer , L. , Francois , P. , Doutre , E. , Weil , G. and Labarere , J. 2006 . Perception and use of the results of patient satisfaction surveys by care providers in a French teaching hospital . International Journal for Quality in Health Care , 18 ( 5 ) : 359 – 364 .
  • Cunningham , W. E. , Andersen , R. M. , Katz , M. H. , Stein , M. D. , Turner , B. J. Crystal , S. 1999 . The impact of competing subsistence needs and barriers on access to medical care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus receiving care in the United States . Medical Care , 37 ( 12 ) : 1270 – 1281 .
  • Demmer , C. 2003 . Relationship with health care provider and adherence to HIV medications . Psychological Reports , 93 ( 2 ) : 494 – 496 .
  • Djomand , G. , Roels , T. , Ellerbrock , T. , Hanson , D. , Diomande , F. Monga , B. 2003 . Virologic and immunologic outcomes and programmatic challenges of an antiretroviral treatment pilot project in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire . AIDS , 17 ( Suppl. 3 ) : S5 – S15 .
  • Ernest , P. 1994 . An Introduction to Research Methodology and Paradigms , Exeter, Devon : RSU, University of Exeter .
  • Etard , J. F. , Ndiaye , I. , Thierry-Mieg , M. , Gueye , N. F. , Gueye , P. M. Laniece , I. 2006 . Mortality and causes of death in adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Senegal: a 7-year cohort study . AIDS , 20 ( 8 ) : 1181 – 1189 .
  • Fuertes , J. N. , Mislowack , A. , Bennett , J. , Paul , L. , Gilbert , T. C. Fontan , G. 2007 . The physician–patient working alliance . Patient Education and Counseling , 66 ( 1 ) : 29 – 36 .
  • Ghana Health Service (2012). Organizational Structure. http://www.ghanahealthservice.org/aboutus.php?info=Organisational%20structure (Accessed 8 March 2012).
  • Hagopian , A. , Thompson , M. J. , Fordyce , M. , Johnson , J. E. and Hart , L. G. 2004 . The migration of physicians from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States of America: measures of the African brain drain . Human Resources for Health , 2 : 17
  • Hardon , A. P. , Akurut , D. , Comoro , C. , Ekezie , C. , Irunde , H. F. Gerrits , T. 2007 . Hunger, waiting time and transport costs: time to confront challenges to ART adherence in Africa . AIDS Care , 19 ( 5 ) : 658 – 665 .
  • Hongoro , C. and McPake , B. 2004 . How to bridge the gap in human resources for health . Lancet , 364 ( 9443 ) : 1451 – 1456 .
  • Keiser , P. , Nassar , N. , Kvanli , M. B. , Turner , D. , Smith , J. W. and Skiest , D. 2001 . Long-term impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-related health care costs . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 27 ( 1 ) : 14 – 19 .
  • Kober , K. and Van Damme , W. 2004 . Scaling up access to antiretroviral treatment in southern Africa: Who will do the job? . Lancet , 364 ( 9428 ) : 103 – 107 .
  • Koenig , S. P. , Ivers , L. C. , Pace , S. , Destine , R. , Leandre , F. Grandpierre , R. 2010 . Successes and challenges of HIV treatment programs in Haiti in the aftermath of the earthquake . HIV Therapy , 4 ( 2 ) : 145 – 160 .
  • Koenig , S. P. , Leandre , F. and Farmer , P. E. 2004 . Scaling-up HIV treatment programmes in resource-limited settings: the rural Haiti experience . AIDS , 18 ( Suppl. 3 ) : S21 – S25 .
  • Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (2010). KATH Annual Report 2009. http://www.Kathhsp.org/Downloads/KATHANNUALREPORT2009.pdf (Accessed 7 March 2012).
  • Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (2012). About Us. Available at: http://kbth.gov.gh/pages/about/php (Accessed 3 April 2012).
  • Laine , C. , Davidoff , F. , Lewis , C. E. , Nelson , E. C. , Nelson , E. Kessler , R. C. 1996 . Important elements of outpatient care: comparison of patients’ and physicians’ opinions . Annals of Internal Medicine , 125 ( 8 ) : 640 – 645 .
  • Laurent , C. , Diakhate , N. , Gueye , N. F. , Toure , M. A. , Sow , P. S. Faye , M. A. 2002 . The Senegalese government's highly active antiretroviral therapy initiative: an 18-month follow-up study . AIDS , 16 ( 10 ) : 1363 – 1370 .
  • Libamba , E. , Makombe , S. , Mhango , E. , de Ascurra , T. O. , Limbambala , E. Schouten , E. J. 2006 . Supervision, monitoring and evaluation of nationwide scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 84 ( 4 ) : 320 – 326 .
  • McCoy , D. , Chopra , M. , Loewenson , R. , Aitken , J. M. , Ngulube , T. Muula , A. 2005 . Expanding access to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: avoiding the pitfalls and dangers, capitalizing on the opportunities . American Journal of Public Health , 95 ( 1 ) : 18 – 22 .
  • Messeri , P. , Lee , G. , Abramson , D. , Aidala , A. , Chiasson , M. and Jessop , D. 2003 . Antiretroviral therapy and declining AIDS mortality in New York City . Medical Care , 41 ( 4 ) : 512 – 521 .
  • Mills , E. J. , Nachega , J. B. , Bangsberg , D. R. , Singh , S. , Rachlis , B. Wu , P. 2006 . Adherence to HAART: a systematic review of developed and developing nation patient-reported barriers and facilitators . PLoS Medicine , 3 ( 11 ) : e438
  • Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service . 2002 . Guidelines for Antiretroviral Therapy in Ghana , Accra : Acts Commercials Ltd .
  • Mshana , G. H. , Wamoyi , J. , Busza , J. , Zaba , B. , Changalucha , J. Kaluvya , S. 2006 . Barriers to accessing antiretroviral therapy in Kisesa, Tanzania: a qualitative study of early rural referrals to the national program . AIDS Patient Care and STDS , 20 ( 9 ) : 649 – 657 .
  • Muula , A. S. 2004 . Ethical and programmatic challenges in antiretroviral scaling-up in Malawi: challenges in meeting the World Health Organization's ‘Treating 3 million by 2005’ initiative goals . Croatian Medical Journal , 45 ( 4 ) : 415 – 421 .
  • Nachega, J. (2002). Antiretroviral Treatment in Developing Countries. http://www.impactaids.org.uk/HIVreport1.htm (Accessed 10 December 2010).
  • National AIDS/STI Control Programme (NACP) . 2003 . Ghana initiates antiretroviral therapy program . NACP Bulletin , 1 ( 2 ) 1 & 6
  • National AIDS/STI Control Programme (2010). NACP 2009 Annual Report, National AIDS/STI Control Programme, Accra.
  • Nyakutsey, B. W. K. & Nubuasah, A. (2010). St. Martin de Porres Hospital-Agomanya, E/R. Hospital Profile. http://stmartinshospital.org/reports/news_letter/Hospital%20Profile.pdf (Accessed 7 March 2012).
  • Patton , M. Q. 2002 . Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods , 3 , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications Inc .
  • ResearchWare, Inc. (1988). HyperRESEARCH. Qualitative Analysis Tool, Randolph, MA. http://www.researchware.com/products/hyperresearch.html (Accessed 29 April 2011).
  • Reuters (2007). Merck Cuts Price on AIDS Drug Efavirenz. www.aegis.com/news/re/2007/RE070230.html (Accessed 10 December 2010).
  • Ritzenthaler, R. (2005). Delivering Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-Constrained Settings: Lessons from Ghana, Kenya and Rwanda. http://www.fhi360.org/en/HIVAIDS/pub/res_Delivering+ART.htm (Accessed 8 March 2012).
  • van Sighem , A. I. , van de Wiel , M. A. , Ghani , A. C. , Jambroes , M. , Reiss , P. Gyssens , I. C. 2003 . Mortality and progression to AIDS after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy . AIDS , 17 ( 15 ) : 2227 – 2236 .
  • Simoni , J. M. , Frick , P. A. , Lockhart , D. and Liebovitz , D. 2002 . Mediators of social support and antiretroviral adherence among an indigent population in New York City . AIDS Patient Care and STDs , 16 ( 9 ) : 431 – 439 .
  • The Global Fund (2010). The Framework Document of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. http://www.theglobalfund.org/TGF_Framework.pdf (Accessed 10 December 2010).
  • The United States President Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) (2010). About PEPFAR. http://www.pepfar.gov/about/index.htm (Accessed 10 December 2010).
  • Tuldra , A. and Wu , A. W. 2002 . Interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome , 31 ( Suppl. 3 ) : S154 – S157 .
  • Weidle , P. J. , Malamba , S. , Mwebaze , R. , Sozi , C. , Rukundo , G. Downing , R. 2002 . Assessment of a pilot antiretroviral drug therapy programme in Uganda: patients’ response, survival, and drug resistance . Lancet , 360 ( 9326 ) : 34 – 40 .
  • World Health Organization (2003). The 3 by 5 Initiative. http://www.who.int/3by5/en (Accessed 10 December 2010).
  • Yin , R. 2003 . Case Study Research: Design and Methods , 3 , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage Publications Inc .
  • Zucker, D. M. (2001). Using case study methodology in nursing research. The Qualitative Report [online serial], 6(2). http://www.nova.edu/SSSS/QR/QR6-2/zucker.html (Accessed 8 March 2012).