‘I thought if I marry the prophet I would not die’: The significance of religious affiliation on marriage, HIV testing, and reproductive health practices among young married women in Zimbabwe

References

• Agadjanian, V. (2005). Gender, religious involvement, and HIV/AIDS prevention in Mozambique. Social Science & Medicine, 61, 1529–1539. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agadjanian, V., & Menjivar, C. (2008). Talking about the ‘epidemic of the millennium’: Religion, informal communication, and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Social Problems, 55, 301–321. doi: 10.1525/sp.2008.55.3.301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, A. (2001). African reformation: African initiated Christianity in the 20th century. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
   Google Scholar
• Birdthistle, I., Floyd, S., Nyagadza, A., Mudziwapasi, N., Gregson, S., & Glynn, J. R. (2009). Is education the link between orphanhood and HIV/HSV-2 risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe? Social Science & Medicine, 68(10), 1810–1818. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.02.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birdthistle, I. J., Floyd, S., Machingura, A., Mudziwapasi, N., Gregson, S., & Glynn, J. R. (2008). From affected to infected? Orphanhood and HIV risk among female adolescents in urban Zimbabwe. AIDS, 22(6), 759–766. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f4cac7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Child Rights Information Network (CRIN). (2011). Zimbabwe: Religion and poverty force girls in early marriages. London: Author. Retrieved from http://www.crin.org/violence/search/closeup.asp?infoID=20021
   Google Scholar
• Chirawu, S. (2006). Till death do us part: Marriage, HIV/AIDS and the law in Zimbabwe. Working Paper 1419, Bepress Legal Series. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Electronic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chitando, E. (2007). Theology in the HIV & AIDS era series, module 1 – Gender, religion, and HIV and AIDS prevention. In M. W. Dube (Ed.), Theology in the HIV & AIDS era series. The HIV & AIDS curriculum for TEE programmes and institutions in Africa. Geneva: WCC Publications, World Council of Churches.
   Google Scholar
• Collaborating Center for Operational Research and Evaluation (CCORE). (2011). Apostolic religion, health and utilization of maternal and child health services in Zimbabwe. Consultancy report by B. Maguranyanga. Harare, Zimbabwe: Collaborating Center for Operational Research and Evaluation (CCORE), UNICEF. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/zimbabwe/zim_resources_apastolicreligion.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Daneel, M. L. (1987). Quest for belonging: Introduction to a study of African independent churches. Gweru, Zimbabwe: Mambo Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dilger, H., Burchardt, M., & van Dijk, R. (2010). Introduction – The redemptive moment: HIV treatments and the production of new religious spaces. AJAR, 9(4), 373–383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmanuel, T., Notion, G., Gerald, S., Chadambuka, A., Mufuta, T., & Simukai, Z. (2011). Determinants of perinatal mortality in Marondera district, Mashonaland East Province of Zimbabwe, 2009: A case control study. Pan African Medical Journal, 8, 7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gregson, S., Nyamukapa, C. A., Garnett, G. P., Wambe, M., Lewis, J. J., Mason, P. R., … Anderson, R. M. (2005). HIV infection and reproductive health in teenage women orphaned and made vulnerable by AIDS in Zimbabwe. AIDS Care, 17(7), 785–794. doi: 10.1080/09540120500258029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregson, S., Zhuwau, T., Anderson, R. M., & Chandiwana, S. K. (1999). Apostles and Zionists: The influence of religion on demographic change in rural Zimbabwe. Population Studies (Cambridge), 53(2), 179–193. doi: 10.1080/00324720308084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ha, W., Salama, P., Gwavuya, S., & Kanjala, C. (2012). Equity and maternal and child health – Is religion the forgotten variable? Evidence from Zimbabwe. Addressing inequalities: The heart of the post-2015 development agenda and the future we want for all, global thematic consultation. New York, NY: UNICEF. Retrieved from http://www.worldwewant2015.org/es/node/304104.
   Google Scholar
• Hallfors, D. D., Cho, H., Iritani, B. J., Mapfumo, J., Mpofu, E., Luseno, W. K., & January, J. (2013). Preventing HIV by providing support for orphan girls to stay in school: Does religion matter? Ethnicity & Health, 18(1), 53–65. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2012.694068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallfors, D. D., Cho, H., Rusakaniko, S., Iritani, B. J., Mapfumo, J., & Halpern, C. T. (2011). Supporting adolescent orphan girls to stay in school as HIV risk prevention: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Zimbabwe. American Journal of Public Health, 101(6), 1082–1088. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.300042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallfors, D. D., Cho, H., Rusakaniko, S., Mapfumo, J., Iritani, B., Zhang, L., … Miller, T. (2015). The impact of school subsidies on HIV-related outcomes among adolescent female orphans.  Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1), 79–84. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klaits, F. (2005). The widow in blue: blood and the morality of remembering in Botswana’s time of AIDS. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, 75(1), 46–62. doi: 10.3366/afr.2005.75.1.46
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luseno, W., Zhang, L., Rusakaniko, S., Cho, H., & Hallfors, D. D. (2015). HIV infection and related risk behaviors: Does school support level the playing field between orphans and nonorphans in Zimbabwe? AIDS Care, 27(9), 1191–1195. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1036726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavungandize, T. C. (2008). A critical inquiry into sexual networks in Marange District, a case study of Johane Marange Apostolic Church Community in Marange, Zimbabwe (Dissertation). University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra, V. K., & The United States Agency for International Development. (2005). Education and nutritional status of orphans and children of HIV-infected parents in Kenya, DHS Working Papers. Calverton, MD: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Research Division. Retrieved from http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/WP24/WP24.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Moyo, A. (1988). Religion and political thought in independent Zimbabwe. In C. Hallencreutz & A. Moyo (Eds.), Church and state in Zimbabwe (pp. 197–249). Gweru, Zimbabwe: Mambo Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mpofu, E., Dune, T. M., Hallfors, D. D., Mapfumo, J., Mutepfa, M. M., & January, J. (2011). Apostolic faith church organization contexts for health and wellbeing in women and children.  Ethnicity & Health, 16(6), 551–566. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2011.583639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mpofu, E., Hallfors, D. D., Mutepfa, M. M., & Dune, T.M. (2014). A mixed methods mapping of church versus secular school messages to influence sexual decision-making as perceived by Zimbabwean orphan girl students. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 8(4), 363–376. doi: 10.1177/1558689814539394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munjanja, S. P. (2007). Maternal and perinatal mortality study 2007. Harare, Zimbabwe: Ministry of Health and Child Welfare Zimbabwe.
   Google Scholar
• Nenge, R. T. (2013). A hermeneutical challenge in the fight against HIV and AIDS in the Johane Marange Apostolic Church. Exchange, 42(3), 252–266. doi: 10.1163/1572543X-12341274
   Google Scholar
• Nhamo, M., Scott, K., Campbell, C., Madanhire, C., Nyamukapa, C., & Gregson, S. (2011). Technical report 2: Church responses to HIV in Zimbabwe. In C. Campbell K. Scott, M. N. Nhamo, K. Morley, C. Nyamukapa, C. Madanhire, … S. Gregson (eds.), Social capital and AIDS competent communities: Evidence from Eastern Zimbabwe. HCD Working Papers Series, 4, 1–25. London: The London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved from http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/44185
   Google Scholar
• Nyamanhindi, R. (2013). Zimbabwe, December 2013: Apostolic umbrella body launches three year strategic plan on maternal and child health, early marriages and access to education. New York, NY: UNICEF. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/esaro/5440_zimbabwe_apostolic.html
   Google Scholar
• Olivier, J., Tsimpo, C., Gemignani, R., Shojo, M., Coulombe, H., Dimmock, F., … Wodon, Q. (2015). Understanding the roles of faith-based health-care providers in Africa: review of the evidence with a focus on magnitude, reach, cost, and satisfaction. The Lancet, 386(10005), 1765–1775. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60251-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, A. S. (2011). The church and AIDS in Africa: The politics of ambiguity. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
   Google Scholar
• Pomerai, K. W., Mudyiradima, R. F., & Gombe, N. T. (2012). Measles outbreak investigation in Zaka, Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe, 2010. BMC Research Notes, 5(1), 687. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-687
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pufall, E. L., Nyamukapa, C., Eaton, J. W., Campbell, C., Skovdal, M., Munyati, S., … Gregson, S. (2014). The impact of HIV on children’s education in eastern Zimbabwe. AIDS Care, 26(9), 1136–1143. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2014.892564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibanda, M. (2011). Married too soon: Child marriage in Zimbabwe. Harare: The Research and Advocacy Unit. Retrieved from http://www.kubatana.net/docs/chiyou/rau_child_marriage_111030.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ulin, P. R., Robinson, E. T., & Tolley, E. E. (2005). Qualitative methods in public health: A field guide for applied research (1st ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Zimbabwe Central Statistical Office, & Macro International, Inc. (2011). Zimbabwe demographic and health survey. Calverton, MD: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT), & ICF International. (2012). Zimbabwe demographic and health survey 2010–11. Calverton, MD: Author.
   Google Scholar