References
- Ahmed, S., Li, Q., Liu, L., & Tsui, A. O. (2012). Maternal deaths averted by contraceptive use: An analysis of 172 countries. The Lancet, 380(9837), 111–125doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60478-4
- Ama, N. O. (2011). Experiences and perceptions of people living with HIV and AIDSs under the community home-based care programme in Botswana. The Journal of Family Welfare, 57(1), 34–44.
- Ama, N. O., & Ngome, E. (2013). Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of elderly women (50+) from selected sites in Botswana. A Research Report Submitted to Office of Research and Development, University of Botswana, Gaborone.
- Ama, N. O., & Olaomi, J. O. (2019). Family planning desires of older adults (50 years and over) in Botswana. South African Family Practice, 61(1), 30–38. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2018.1531584
- Arbab, A., Bener, A., & Abdulmalik, M. (2011). Prevalence, awareness and determinants of contraceptive use in Qatari women. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 17, 11–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.26719/2011.17.1.11
- Botswana AIDS Impact Survey (BAIS IV). (2013). Preliminary results. Statistics Botswana. Private Bag 0024 Botswana.
- Burgard, S. A., & Lee-Rife, S. M. (2009). Community characteristics, sexual initiation, and condom use among young Black South Africans. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50, 293–309. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650905000304
- Central Statistics Office (CSO). (2011). The 2001 projected population and Housing Census. Gaborone: The Government Printers., 2003.
- Centre for Health and Gender Equity. (2012). The case for comprehensive: Botswana—The importance of comprehensive, rights-based approaches to sexual and reproductive health. Country Profile, 2012. http://www.genderhealth.org/files/uploads/change/publications/botswanacasestudy.pdf
- Creative Research Systems. (2012). The survey systems: Sample size calculator. https://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm
- Dennerstein, L., Dudley, E., & Burger, H. (2001). Are changes in sexual functioning during midlife due to aging or menopause? Fertility and Sterility, 76(3), 456–460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(01)01978-1
- Dennerstein, L., Alexander, A., & Kotz, K. (2003). The menopause and sexual functioning: A review of the population-based studies. Annual Review of Sex Research, 14, 64–82.
- de Vaus, D., Gray, M., & Stanton, D. (2003). Measuring the value of unpaid household, caring and voluntary work of older Australians. Research Paper No. 34 (Melbourne, Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2003). www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/14033/sub010.pdf
- Eliason, S., Awoonor-Williams, J. K., Eliason, C., Nonvignon, J., & Aikins, M. (2014). Determinants of modern family planning use among women of reproductive age in the Nkwanta district of Ghana: A case–control study. Reproductive Health, 11, 65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-11-65
- Faisal, B., & Eria, H. (2014). Microeffects of women’s education on contraceptive use and fertility: The case of Uganda. Journal of International Development, 26(6), 763–778. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.2915/full doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.2915
- Fishbein, M., & Guinan, M. (1996). Behavioral science and public health: A necessary partnership for HIV prevention. Public Health Reports, 111, 5–10.
- Holden, C. A., McLachlan, R. I., Cumming, R., Wittert, G., Handelsman, D. J., de Kretser, D. M., & Pitts, M. (2005). Sexual activity, fertility and contraceptive use in middle-aged and older men: Men in Australia, Telephone survey (MATeS). Human Reproduction, 20(12), 3429–3434. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dei307
- Jabeen, M., Gul, F., Wazil, F., & Javed, N. (2011). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of contraception in women of reproductive age. Gomal Journal of Medical Science, 9, 2–12.
- Janus, S. S., & Janus, C. L. (1993). The Janus Report on sexual behaviour. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Koster, A. (1991). Change-of-lifeanticipations,attitudesandexperiencesamongmiddle-aged Danish women. Health Care for Women International, 12(1), 1–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07399339109515922
- Koster, A., & Garde, K. (1993). Sexual desire and menopausal development. A prospective study of Danish women born in 1936. Maturitas, 16(1), 49–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5122(93)90133-3
- Kposowa, A. J. (2013). Marital status and HIV/AIDS mortality: Evidence from the US national Longitudinal mortality study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17(10), e868–e874. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.02.018
- Lindau, S. T., Schumm, L. P., Laumann, E. O., Levinson, W., O'Muircheartaigh, C. A., & Waite, L. J. (2007). A study of Sexuality and health Among older adults in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(8), 762–774. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa067423
- OlaOlorun, F. (2013). Contraceptive needs of older Nigerian women Are neglected. Population Reference Bureau. http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2013/contraception-nigerian-women.aspx
- Patel, D., Gillespie, B., & Foxman, B. (2003). Sexual behaviour of older women: Results of a random digit-dialing survey of 2000 women in the United States. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 30(3), 216–220. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007435-200303000-00008
- Pebley, A. R., Goldman, N., & Rodriguez, G. (1996). Prenatal and delivery care and childhood immunization in Guatemala: Do family and community matter? Demography, 33, 231–247. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2061874
- Public Health England. (2015). National STI surveillance data tables 2015 – Table 8. London: Public Health England. https://>www.gov.uk>/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/534564/2015_Table_8_Attendances_by_gender__sexual_risk___age_group__2011-2015.pdf
- Radulović, O., Šagrić, Č, Višnjić, A., Tasić, A., & Marković, R. (2006). The influence of education level on family planning. FACTA UNIVERSITATIS Series: Medicine and Biology, 13(1), 58–64.
- Rao, K., & Demaris, A. (1995). Coital frequency among married and cohabiting couples in the United States. Journal of Biosocial Science, 27, 135–150. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932000022653
- Reddish, S. (2002). Loss of libido in menopausal women: Management issues. Australian Family Physician, 31(5), 427–432.
- Republic of Botswana. (2020). Old age pension allowance. Government of Botswana. https://www.gov.bw/allowances/old-age-pension-allowance#:~:text=Old%20age%20pension%20is%20for%20Botswana%20citizens%20only,65%20years%20old%20and%20above.&text=Currently%2C%20the%20pension%20allowance%20is%20BWP530.,transfer%20to%20beneficiaries'%20bank%20accounts
- Schäferhoff, M., van Hoog, S., Martinez, S., Fewer, S., & Yamey, G. (2019). Funding for sexual and reproductive health and rights in low- and middle-income countries: threats, outlook and opportunities. The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health, Appia CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2019/srhr_forecast_web.pdf?ua=1
- Schwab, J. A. (2002). Multinomial logistic regression: Basic relationships and complete problems, 2002. http://www.utexas.edu/courses/schwab/sw388r7/
- Sharma, V., Mohan, U., Das, V., & Awasthi, S. (2012). Socio demographic determinants and knowledge, attitude, practice: Survey of family planning. Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 1, 43–47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/MC3893950/03/12/13 doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.94451
- Singh, P., Pandey, A., & Aggarwal, A. (2007). House-to-house survey vs. Snowball technique for capturing maternal deaths in India: A search for a cost-effective method. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 125(4), 550–556.
- Stall, R., & Catania, J. (1994). AIDS risk behaviors among late middle-aged and elderly Americans. The national AIDS Behavioral Surveys. Archives of Internal Medicine, 154, 57–63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1994.00420010085010
- Starkweather, J., & Moske, A. K. (n.d.). Multinomial logistic regression. https://it.unt.edu/sites/default/files/mlr_jds_aug2011.pdf
- Stephenson, R., & Hennink, M. (2004). Barriers to family planning use amongst the urban poor in Pakistan. Southampton: University of Southampton, School of Social Sciences, p. 34. (Opportunities and Choices, (2); 2004 [http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/34736/]
- Strecher, V. J., & Rosenstock, I. M. (1997). The health belief model. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research and practice (2nd ed). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Tafuma, T. A., Merrigan, M. B., Okui, L. A., Lebelonyane, R., Bolebantswe, J., Mine, M., … Rajatashuvra, A. (2014). HIV/sexually transmitted infection prevalence and sexual behavior of men who have sex with men in 3 districts of Botswana: Results from the 2012 biobehavioral survey. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 41(8), 480–485. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000160
- Tuddenham, S. A., Page, K. R., Chaulk, P., Lobe, E. B., & Ghanem, K. G. (2017). Patients fifty years and older attending two sexually transmitted disease clinics in Baltimore, Maryland. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 28(4), 330–344. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462416646687
- UNDESA. (2017). Report of the Secretary-General, “Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals”. E/2017/66)- Sustainable development knowledge platform.
- UNDP. (2016). Human Development Report 2016-Human Development for Everyone. United Nations Development Programme, 1 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA.
- United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and HelpAge International. (2012). Ageing in the twenty-first century: A celebration and a challenge. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), New York, and HelpAge International, London. https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Ageing%20report.pdf
- Wellings, K., Jones, K. G., Mercer, C. H., Tanton, C., Clifton, S., Datta, J., … Johnson, A. M. (2013). The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy and associated factors in Britain: Findings from the third national survey of sexual Attitudes and lifestyles(natsal-3). The Lancet, 382(382), 1807–1816. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62071-1
- World Health Organization. (1996). Research on the menopause in the 1990s: Report of a WHO Scientific group. Geneva: World Health Organization; p. 12–14
- Xu, F., Schillinger, J. A., Aubin, M. R., St Louis, M. E., & Markowitz, L. E. (2001). Sexually transmitted diseases of older persons in Washington state. Sex Transmission Diseases, 28(5), 287–291. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007435-200105000-00010
- Yihunie, L. Y., Reda, A. A., Tamene, H., Benedict, S., & Deribe, K. (2013). Geographical variation and factors influencing modern contraceptive use among married women in Ethiopia: Evidence from a national population based survey. Reproductive Health, 10(10), 52.