329
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Barriers to implementing peace education in secondary schools in South Africa

ORCID Icon
Pages 164-184 | Received 24 Feb 2022, Accepted 11 Jun 2024, Published online: 19 Jun 2024

References

  • Abebe, T. T., A. Gbesso, and P. A. Nyawalo. 2006. “Report of the Working Committee Meeting On: Peace Education in Africa.” Addis Abeba, Ethiopia: University for Peace Retrieved December 6:2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400200610874966.
  • Adigun, O. T., D. S. Chonco, A. P. Kutame, and I. S. Kapueja. 2022. “‘I Dread to Enter Some Classrooms’: Perspectives Regarding Alternatives to Corporal Punishment in Secondary Schools.” Interchange 53 (3–4): 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10780-022-09460-w.
  • Azungah, T. 2018. “Qualitative Research: Deductive and Inductive Approaches to Data Analysis.” Qualitative Research Journal 18 (4): 383–400. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-D-18-00035.
  • Babbie, E. R. 2017. The Basis of Social Research. 7th ed. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning.
  • Babbie, E. R. 2020. The Practice of Social Research. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning.
  • Bar-Tal, D., Y. Rosen, and R. Nets-Zehngut. 2011. “Peace Education in Societies Involved in Intractable Conflicts: Goals, Conditions and Directions.” In Handbook on Peace Education, edited by G. Salomon and E. Cairns, 21–43. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Burton, J., and L. Leoschut. 2013. “School Violence in South Africa: Results of the 2012 National School Violence Study.” In Monograph Series No. 12, Cape Town: Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention.
  • Chelule, E. 2014. “Impediments to Implementation of Peace Education in Public Universities in Kenya.” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19 (3): 174–185. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-1932174185.
  • Creswell, J. W., and J. D. Creswell. 2017. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
  • Danesh, H. B. 2006. “Towards an Integrative Theory of Peace Education.” Journal of Peace Education 3 (1): 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400200500532151.
  • Danesh, H. B. 2008. “The Education for Peace Integrative Curriculum: Concepts, Contents, and Efficacy.” Journal of Peace Education 5 (2): 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400200802264396.
  • Danesh, H. B. 2011. Education for Peace Reader, Volume 4 of Education for Peace Curriculum Series. Victoria (Canada): EFP Press.
  • De Wet, D. 2007. “School Violence in Lesotho: The Perception, Experience and Observations of Group of Learners.” South African Journal of Education 27 (4): 673–689.
  • Dube, B., and D. Hlalele. 2018. “Engaging Critical Emancipatory Research As an Alternative to Mitigate School Violence in South Africa.” Educational Research for Social Change 7 (2): 74–86. https://doi.org/10.17159/2221-4070/2018/v7i2a5.
  • Ekpoh, U. I. 2015. “Assessing the Institutionalization of Peace Education and Peace Culture at Post Primary School Level in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State.” Nigeria “International Journal of Education and Research 3 (7): 175–182.
  • Enaigbe, P., and N. Igbinoghene. 2016. “Challenges of Managing and Planning Peace Education and Peace Culture in Nigeria.” African Research Review 10 (4): 83–92. https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v10i4.6.
  • Eslami-Somea, R., and H. Movassagh. 2014. “Peace Education in Iran: Challenges and Prospects.” Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 9 (2): 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2014.948781.
  • Feuchte, F. 2010. Can We Make a Difference Tomorrow? A Systematic Evaluation of Peace Education Programme Implemented with Liberian Refugees in Ghana.” PHd thesis, Jena, Germany: International Graduate College, University of Jena.
  • Galtung, J. 1969. “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research.” Journal of Peace, Research 6 (3): 167–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336900600301.
  • Garner, P. 2014. “Dimensions of School-Based Violence to and by Children: An Overview of Recent Literature.” International Journal of Adolescence and Youth 19 (4): 484–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2012.751043.
  • Glober, G. W. 2018. Narrative of teachers’ Experiences of School Violence and Ethics of Care.” Master of Education Dissertation, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town.
  • Gursel-Bilgin, G., and E. Bengu. 2021. “Overcoming the Obstacles of Peace Education Through Wellbeing Practices.” Adiyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences 11 (2): 80–92. https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.1012782.
  • Hamman, A. A. 2017. “Inclusion of Peace Education in Teacher Education Programme Curriculum: Tool for Promoting Peace and Unity in Nigeria.” Interdisciplinary Journal of African and Asian Studies 1 (3): 1–6.
  • Harber, C. 2018. “Building Back Better? Peace Education in Post-Conflict Africa.” Asian Journal of Peacebuilding 6 (1): 7–27. https://doi.org/10.18588/201805.00a045.
  • Harber, C., and V. Mncube. 2012. “Democracy, Education and Development: Theory and Reality.” Other Education – the Journal of Educational Alternatives 1 (1): 104–120.
  • Harber, C., and N. Sakade. 2009. “Schooling for Violence and Peace: How Does Peace Education Differ from ‘Normal’ Schooling?” Journal of Peace Education 6 (2): 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400200903086599.
  • Hochfeld, Tessa, Jeanette Schmid, Sheri Errington, and Shaheda. Omar. 2022. “Learners’ Perspectives on School Safety in Johannesburg.” South African Journal of Education 42 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v42n1a1936.
  • Hunter, A., and L. Cheng. 2006. “December. Peace Education with Chinese Characteristics.” Peace Forum 24 (34): 55–62.
  • Jacobs, D. T. 2014. “Seven Indigenous Spiritual Principles for Guiding All Students Toward Survival, Peace, Health, and Happiness.” In Redefining Religious Education, edited by S. Gill and G. Thomson, 91–101. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • John, V. M. 2018. “Teaching Peace Education at a South African University.” Peace Review 30 (1): 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1419671.
  • Johnson, R. B., and L. Christensen. 2019. Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. New York: Sage Publications.
  • Khairuddin, A. Z., A. Abd Razak, F. Idrus, and N. A. H. Ismail. 2019. “Challenges of Offering Peace Education Among Educational Leaders: A Case Study of Malaysian Public Primary School.” American Journal of Qualitative Research 3 (1): 57–71. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/5811.
  • Khumalo, S. S. 2019. “Implications of School Violence in South Africa on Socially Just Education.” Journal of Social Science and Humanities 16 (8): 1–11.
  • Legotlo, M. W., ed. 2014. Challenges and Issues Facing the Education System in South Africa. Pretoria; Africa Institute of South Africa.
  • Maringina, G., and D. Gibson. 2019. ‘Maintaining Order in Townships: Gangsterism and Community Resilience in Post-Apartheid South Africa.’ African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review 9 (2): 55–74. https://doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.9.2.04.
  • Matindi, B. W. 2013. ‘‘Factors Affecting the Implementation of Peace Education Curriculum in Public Primary Schools in Molo District, Nakuru County, Kenya. Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/56224.
  • Maxwell, A. M., P. Enslin, and T. Maxwell. 2004. “Educating for Peace in the Midst of Violence: A South African Experience.” Journal of Peace Education 1 (1): 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/1740020032000178339.
  • McLean, L. R., S. A. Cook, and T. Crowe. 2008. “Imagining Global Citizens: Teaching Peace and Global Education in a Teacher-Education Programme.” Citizenship Teaching and Learning 4 (1): 50–64.
  • Mishra, L. 2011. “Designing a Program for Peace Education in Secondary Schools.” Journal of Peace, Gender and Development 1 (4): 155–160.
  • Mishra, L. 2021. “Peace Education in Secondary Schools of Mizoram.” Conflict Resolution Quarterly 38 (4): 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21311.
  • Momanyi, R. K. 2018. “Monitoring and Evaluation of Peace Education and Implementation in Primary Schools in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya.” International Academic Journal of Social Sciences and Education 2 (1): 168–180.
  • Msezane, G. 2015. “Exploring the Dynamics of School Violence in KwaDabeka, KwaZulu-Natal.” Doctoral thesis, Pretoria, South Africa: University of South Africa.
  • Muthui, M. N. 2015. “Factors Influencing Implementation of Integrated Peace Education Curriculum After Post-Election Violence in Primary Schools in Naivasha Sub-County Kenya”.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi.
  • Mwaniki, M. N. 2013. Challenges Facing Implementation of Peace Education in Public Primary Schools in Kasarani District, Nairobi County.” Doctoral dissertation., University of Nairobi.
  • Ndwandwe, N. D. 2014. ‘The Relationship Between Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement of Learners in Ehlanzeni Secondary schools, Mpumalanga.’ Master’s dissertation., Pretoria: University of South Africa.
  • Ndwandwe, N. D. 2021. An Evaluation of Peace Education Programme Designed to Combat Violence in Selected Western Cape Schools.” Doctoral thesis, Pretoria: University of South Africa.
  • Netshitangani, T. 2014. “Causes of School-Based Violence in South African Public Schools: Application of Normalisation Theory to Understand the Phenomenon Through educators’ Perspectives.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 5 (20): 1394–1402. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p1394.
  • Pinzon-Salcedo, L. A., and M. A. Torres-Cuello. 2018. “Community Operational Research: Developing a Systemic Peace Education Programme Involving Urban and Rural Communities in Colombia.” European Journal of Operational Research 268 (3): 946–959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.11.040.
  • Potterton, M. 2014. Seen and Heard: Listening to Children and Creating Caring Schools.” Doctoral thesis, Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand.
  • Quaker Peace Centre. 2011. My Bully My Bra: Confronting Bullying in Schools Manual. Cape Town.
  • Quaker Peace Centre. 2015. Newsletter No 52. Cape Town.
  • Reardon, B. 1988. Educating for Global Responsibility: Teacher Designed Curricula for Peace Education. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Rubagiza, J., J. Umutoni, and A. Kaleeba. 2016. “Teachers As Agents of Change: Promoting Peacebuilding and Social Cohesion in Schools in Rwanda.” Education As Change 20 (3): 202–224. https://doi.org/10.17159/1947-9417/2016/1533.
  • Sekhaulelo, M. A. 2022. “Restoring the Ethics of the Common Good in the South African Pluralistic Society.” Verbum et Ecclesia 43 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v43i1.2484.
  • Sitoyi, Z. M. 2020. Teacher and Learner Experiences of Violence in a Cape Flats School, Western Cape.” Masters’ dissertation, University of Western Cape: Cape Town.
  • Tilahun, T. 2015. “Johan Galtung’s Concept of Positive and Negative Peace in the Contemporary Ethiopia: An Appraisal.” Academic Research Journal 3 (6): 251–258.
  • UNESCO. 1999. Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace. New York, NY: United Nations General Assembly. Resolution A/53/243.
  • UNESCO. 2013. Declaration and Integrated Framework of Action on Education for Peace, Human Rights and Democracy. Paris: UNESCO.
  • Velez, G., M. Angucia, T. Durkin, L. O’Brien, and S. Walker. 2021. ‘Teacher and Administrator Perceptions of Peace Education in Milwaukee (US) Catholic Schools.’ Journal of Peace Education 18 (3): 360–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2021.2005006.
  • Wong, L. Y., L. Jiang, J. J. Kim, B. Zhang, M. J. Song, and R. D. Enright. 2021. “An Addition to Peace Education: Toward the Process of a Just and Merciful Community in Schools. Peace and Conflict.” Journal of Peace Psychology 27 (2): 319–323. https://doi.org/10.1037/pac0000512.
  • Zamalieva, A. I. 2020. “Promoting Peace Education via Language Teaching.” ARPHA Proceedings, 2885, 3: https://doi.org/10.3897/ap.2.e2885.
  • Zamir, S. 2009. “Universal Obstacles to Peace Education.” In Peace, Literature, and Art [Vol. I]. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, edited by A. Aharoni. EOLSS Publishers.
  • Zartman, I. W. 2007. Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods and Techniques. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
  • Zembylas, M., C. Charalambous, and P. Charalambous. 2016. Peace Education in a Conflict-Affected Society. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.