1,303
Views
53
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Findings, theories and methods in the study of children's national identifications and national attitudes

&
Pages 5-24 | Published online: 25 Jan 2011

References

  • Aboud , F. E. 1988 . Children and prejudice , Oxford, , UK : Blackwell .
  • Aboud , F. E. 2008 . “ A social-cognitive developmental theory of prejudice ” . In The handbook of race, racism and the developing child , Edited by: Quintana , S. M. and McKown , C. 55 – 71 . Hoboken, NJ : Wiley .
  • Aboud , F. E. and Amato , M. 2001 . “ Developmental and socialization influences on intergroup bias ” . In Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intergroup processes , Edited by: Brown , R. and Gaertner , S. L. 65 – 85 . Oxford, , UK : Blackwell .
  • Alexander , E. 2002 . National and ethnic identity in British adolescents , UK : University of Surrey . Unpublished BSc dissertation
  • Apple , M. 1993 . Official knowledge: Democratic education in a conservative age , London, , UK : Routledge .
  • Axia , G. , Bremner , J. G. , Deluca , P. and Andreasen , G. 1998 . Children drawing Europe: The effects of nationality, age and teaching . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 16 : 423 – 437 .
  • Barrett , M. 1996 . “ English children's acquisition of a European identity ” . In Changing European identities: Social psychological analyses of social change , Edited by: Breakwell , G. and Lyons , E. 349 – 369 . Oxford, , UK : Butterworth-Heinemann .
  • Barrett , M. 2005a . “ Children's understanding of, and feelings about, countries and national groups ” . In Children's understanding of society , Edited by: Barrett , M. and Buchanan-Barrow , E. 251 – 285 . Hove, , UK : Psychology Press .
  • Barrett , M. 2005b . “ National identities in children and young people ” . In Children's personal and social development , Edited by: Ding , S. and Littleton , K. 181 – 220 . Milton Keynes, , UK : The Open University/Blackwell Publishing .
  • Barrett , M. 2007 . Children's knowledge, beliefs and feelings about nations and national groups , Hove, , UK : Psychology Press .
  • Barrett , M. 2009 . “ The development of children's intergroup attitudes ” . In Interkulturelle Kompetenz und Fremdsprachliches Lernen: Modelle, Empirie, Evaluation [Intercultural Competence and Foreign Language Learning: Models, Empiricism, Assessment] , Edited by: Hu , A. and Byram , M. 69 – 86 . Tübingen, , Germany : Gunter Narr Verlag .
  • Barrett , M. and Davis , S. C. 2008 . “ Applying social identity and self-categorization theories to children's racial, ethnic, national and state identifications and attitudes ” . In The handbook of race, racism and the developing child , Edited by: Quintana , S. M. and McKown , C. 72 – 110 . Hoboken, NJ : Wiley .
  • Barrett , M. , Lyons , E. , Bennett , M. , Vila , I. , Giménez , A. Arcuri , L. 1997 . Children's beliefs and feelings about their own and other national groups in Europe Final Report to the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General XII for Science, Research and Development, Human Capital and Mobility (HCM) Programme, Research Network No. CHRX-CT94–0687
  • Barrett , M. , Lyons , E. and del Valle , A. 2004 . “ The development of national identity and social identity processes: Do social identity theory and self-categorization theory provide useful heuristic frameworks for developmental research? ” . In The development of the social self , Edited by: Bennett , M. and Sani , F. 159 – 188 . Hove, , UK : Psychology Press .
  • Barrett , M. and Short , J. 1992 . Images of European people in a group of 5–10 year old English school children . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 10 : 339 – 363 .
  • Barrett , M. , Wilson , H. and Lyons , E. 2003 . The development of national in-group bias: English children's attributions of characteristics to English, American and German people . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 21 : 193 – 220 .
  • Bar-Tal , D. 1996 . Development of social categories and stereotypes in early childhood: The case of “the Arab” concept formation, stereotype and attitudes by Jewish children in Israel . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 20 : 341 – 370 .
  • Bar-Tal , D. 1997 . Formation and change of ethnic and national stereotypes: An integrative model . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 21 : 491 – 523 .
  • Bar-Tal , D. and Teichman , Y. 2005 . Stereotypes and prejudice in conflict: Representations of Arabs in Israeli Jewish society , Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Bennett , M. , Barrett , M. , Karakozov , R. , Kipiani , G. , Lyons , E. Pavlenko , V. 2004 . Young children's evaluations of the ingroup and of outgroups: A multi-national study . Social Development , 13 : 124 – 141 .
  • Bennett , M. , Lyons , E. , Sani , F. and Barrett , M. 1998 . Children's subjective identification with the group and ingroup favoritism . Developmental Psychology , 34 : 902 – 909 .
  • Bourchier , A. , Barrett , M. and Lyons , E. 2002 . The predictors of children's geographical knowledge of other countries . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 22 : 79 – 94 .
  • Castelli , L. , Cadinu , M. and Barrett , M. 2002 . Lo sviluppo degli atteggiamenti nazionali in soggetti in età scolare [The development of national attitudes in subjects of school age] . Rassegna di Psicologia , 19 : 49 – 65 .
  • Crocker , J. and Quinn , D. M. 2001 . “ Psychological consequences of devalued identities ” . In Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intergroup processes , Edited by: Brown , R. and Gaertner , S. L. 238 – 257 . Oxford, , UK : Blackwell .
  • Davis , S. C. , Leman , P. J. and Barrett , M. 2007 . Children's implicit and explicit ethnic group attitudes, ethnic group identification, and self-esteem . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 31 : 514 – 525 .
  • Dixon , A. 2002 . Social identity theory and the development of national identity in British adolescents , UK : University of Surrey . Unpublished BSc dissertation
  • Doyle , A. B. and Aboud , F. E. 1995 . A longitudinal study of White children's racial prejudice as a social-cognitive development . Merrill-Palmer Quarterly , 41 : 209 – 228 .
  • Doyle , A. B. , Beaudet , J. and Aboud , F. E. 1988 . Developmental patterns in the flexibility of children's ethnic attitudes . Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , 19 : 3 – 18 .
  • Dunham , Y. , Baron , A. S. and Banaji , M. R. 2006 . From American city to Japanese village: A cross-cultural investigation of implicit race attitudes . Child Development , 77 : 1268 – 1281 .
  • Ellemers , N. and Barreto , M. 2001 . “ The impact of relative group status: Affective, perceptual and behavioral consequences ” . In Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Intergroup processes , Edited by: Brown , R. and Gaertner , S. L. 324 – 343 . Oxford, , UK : Blackwell .
  • Ellemers , N. , Spears , R. and Doosje , B. 1999 . Social identity , Oxford, , UK : Blackwell .
  • Forrest , L. and Barrett , M. 2001 . English adolescents' sense of national identity, identity motivations and national historical icons , UK : University of Surrey . Unpublished paper, Department of Psychology
  • Giménez , A. , Canto , J. M. , Fernández , P. and Barrett , M. 2003 . Stereotype development in Andalusian children . The Spanish Journal of Psychology , 6 : 28 – 34 .
  • Gould , P. and White , R. 1986 . Mental maps , (2nd ed.) , Boston, MA : Allen & Unwin .
  • Helwig , C. C. and Prencipe , A. 1999 . Children's judgments of flags and flag-burning . Child Development , 70 : 132 – 143 .
  • Hess , R. D. and Torney , J. V. 1967 . The development of political attitudes in children , Chicago, IL : Aldine .
  • Holloway , S. L. and Valentine , G. 2000 . Corked hats and Coronation Street: British and New Zealand children's imaginative geographies of the other . Childhood , 7 : 335 – 357 .
  • Jahoda , G. 1962 . Development of Scottish children's ideas and attitudes about other countries . Journal of Social Psychology , 58 : 91 – 108 .
  • Jahoda , G. 1963a . The development of children's ideas about country and nationality, Part I: The conceptual framework . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 33 : 47 – 60 .
  • Jahoda , G. 1963b . The development of children's ideas about country and nationality, Part II: National symbols and themes . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 33 : 143 – 153 .
  • Jaspers , J. M. F. , van de Geer , J. P. , Tajfel , H. and Johnson , N. 1972 . On the development of national attitudes in children . European Journal of Social Psychology , 2 : 347 – 369 .
  • Johnson , N. , Middleton , M. and Tajfel , H. 1970 . The relationship between children's preferences for and knowledge about other nations . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 9 : 232 – 240 .
  • Lambert , W. E. and Klineberg , O. 1967 . Children's views of foreign peoples: A cross-national study , New York, NY : Appleton-Century-Crofts .
  • Maehr , S. 2005 . “How can one be proud? I am not a Nazi!”: An investigation of German pupils' sense of national identity and knowledge of national symbols , UK : University of Surrey . Unpublished BSc dissertation
  • Manouka , A. 2001 . Self-concept and ethnic identity of Albanian children who have emigrated in Greece , UK : University of Surrey . Unpublished MSc dissertation
  • Middleton , M. , Tajfel , H. and Johnson , N. 1970 . Cognitive and affective aspects of children's national attitudes . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 9 : 122 – 134 .
  • Moodie , M. A. 1980 . The development of national identity in White South African schoolchildren . Journal of Social Psychology , 111 : 169 – 180 .
  • Moore , S. W. , Lare , J. and Wagner , K. A. 1985 . The child's political world: A longitudinal perspective , New York, NY : Praeger .
  • Mummendey , A. , Kessler , T. , Klink , A. and Mielke , R. 1999 . Strategies to cope with negative social identity: Predictions by social identity theory and relative deprivation theory . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 76 : 229 – 245 .
  • Nesdale , D. 2004 . “ Social identity processes and children's ethnic prejudice ” . In The development of the social self , Edited by: Bennett , M. and Sani , F. 219 – 245 . Hove, , UK : Psychology Press .
  • Nesdale , D. 2008 . “ Social identity development and children's ethnic attitudes in Australia ” . In The handbook of race, racism and the developing child , Edited by: Quintana , S. M. and McKown , C. 313 – 338 . Hoboken, NJ : Wiley .
  • Oppenheimer , L. 2005 . The development of enemy images: Measurement and initial findings . British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 23 : 645 – 660 .
  • Oppenheimer , L. 2006 . The development of enemy images: A theoretical contribution . Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology , 12 : 269 – 292 .
  • Oppenheimer , L. 2010 . Are children's views of the “enemy” shaped by a highly publicized negative event . International Journal of Behavioral Development , 34 : 345 – 353 .
  • Oppenheimer , L. and Hakvoort , I. 2003 . “ Will the Germans ever be forgiven? Memories of the Second World War generations later ” . In The role of memory in ethnic conflict , Edited by: Cairns , E. and Roe , M. D. 94 – 104 . Basingstoke, , UK : Palgrave-Macmillan .
  • Penny , R. , Barrett , M. and Lyons , E. Children's naïve theories of nationality: a study of Scottish and English children's national inclusion criteria . Poster presented at the 10th European Conference on Developmental Psychology . August . Uppsala, Sweden : Uppsala University .
  • Piaget , J. and Weil , A. M. 1951 . The development in children of the idea of the homeland and of relations to other countries . International Social Science Journal , 3 : 561 – 578 .
  • Povrzanović , M. 1997 . Children, war and nation: Croatia 1991–4 . Childhood: A Global Journal of Child Research , 4 : 81 – 102 .
  • Reizábal , L. , Valencia , J. and Barrett , M. 2004 . National identifications and attitudes to national ingroups and outgroups among children living in the Basque Country . Infant and Child Development , 13 : 1 – 20 .
  • Sahlabadi , M. 2002 . The strength of national identity, identity motivations and beliefs about war of Iranian adolescents raised in England and Iran , UK : University of Surrey . Unpublished BSc dissertation
  • Schleicher , K. and Kozma , T. 1992 . Ethnocentrism in education , Frankfurt, , Germany : Peter Lang .
  • Simon , B. 2004 . Identity in modern society: A social-psychological perspective , Oxford, , UK : Blackwell .
  • Tajfel , H. 1978 . “ Social categorization, social identity and social comparison ” . In Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations , Edited by: Tajfel , H. 61 – 76 . London, , UK : Academic Press .
  • Tajfel , H. , Jahoda , G. , Nemeth , C. , Rim , Y. and Johnson , N. 1972 . The devaluation by children of their own national and ethnic group: Two case studies . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 11 : 235 – 243 .
  • Tajfel , H. and Turner , J. C. 1986 . “ The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour ” . In Psychology of intergroup relations , (2nd ed. , Edited by: Worchel , S. and Austin , W. G. 7 – 24 . Chicago, IL : Nelson-Hall .
  • Takriti , R. 2002 . The development of religious identity in Christian, Hindu and Muslim children , UK : University of Surrey . Unpublished PhD thesis
  • Teichman , Y. 2001 . The development of Israeli children's images of Jews and Arabs and their expression in human figure drawings . Developmental Psychology , 37 : 749 – 761 .
  • Teichman , Y. and Bar-Tal , D. 2008 . “ Acquisition and development of a shared psychological intergroup repertoire in a context of an intractable conflict ” . In The handbook of race, racism and the developing child , Edited by: Quintana , S. M. and McKown , C. 452 – 482 . Hoboken, NJ : Wiley .
  • Trimby , H. 2005 . The development of Welsh children's sense of national identity , UK : University of Surrey . Unpublished BSc dissertation
  • Vethanayagam , S. and Barrett , M. English, Indian and Pakistani children's national, ethnic and religious identifications . Poster presented at the Annual Conference of the Social Psychology Section of the British Psychological Society . September . UK : University of Kent .
  • Vila , I. , del Valle , A. , Perera , S. , Monreal , P. and Barrett , M. 1998 . Autocategorizacion, identidad nacional y contexto linguistico [Self-categorization, national identity and linguistic context] . Estudios de Psicologia , 60 : 3 – 14 .
  • Weinstein , E. A. 1957 . Development of the concept of flag and the sense of national identity . Child Development , 28 : 167 – 174 .
  • Wiegand , P. 1991a . The “known world” of primary school children . Geography , 76 : 143 – 149 .
  • Wiegand , P. 1991b . Does travel broaden the mind . Education , 3 : 54 – 58 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.