Identity formation in Italian emerging adults: A cluster-analytic approach and associations with psychosocial functioning

References

• Arnett , J. J. 2000 . Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties . American Psychologist , 55 : 469 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asendorpf , J. B. , Borkenau , P. , Ostendorf , F. and van Aken , M. A. G. 2001 . Carving personality at its joints: Confirmation of three replicable personality prototypes for both children and adults . European Journal of Personality , 15 : 169 – 198 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berzonsky , M. D. 2003 . Identity style and well-being: Does commitment matter? . Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 3 : 131 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Beyers , W. and Çok , F. 2008 . Adolescent self and identity development in context . Journal of Adolescence , 31 : 147 – 150 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bosma , H. A. 1985 . Identity development in adolescents: Coping with commitments , The Netherlands : University of Groningen . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Cheung , G. W. and Rensvold , R. B. 2002 . Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance . Structural Equation Modeling , 9 : 233 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analyses for the behavioral sciences , (2nd edition) , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Crocetti , E. 2004 . I processi dell'identità in adolescenti e giovani [Identity processes in adolescents and emerging adults] , Italy : University of Bologna . Unpublished master thesis
   Google Scholar
• Crocetti , E. , Rubini , M. , Luyckx , K. and Meeus , W. 2008 . Identity formation in early and middle adolescents from various ethnic groups: From three dimensions to five statuses . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 37 : 983 – 996 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocetti , E. , Schwartz , S. , Fermani , A. , Klimstra , T. and Meeus , W. in press . A cross-national study of identity statuses in Dutch and Italian adolescents: Status distributions and correlates . European Psychologist ,
   Google Scholar
• Deci , E. L. and Ryan , R. M. 2000 . The “What” and “Why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior . Psychological Inquiry , 11 : 227 – 268 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dell'Erba , G. L. 1999 . La valutazione dello stato sintomatologico con il Psychopathological Symptoms Index: Aspetti metrici e clinici [Evaluation of the symptomatological status through the Psychopathological Symptoms Index: Psychometric and clinical issues] . Psicologia Europea , 3 : XXI
   Google Scholar
• Derogatis , L. R. 1983 . SCL-90: Administration, scoring and procedures manual for the revised version , Baltimore, MD : Clinical Psychometric Research .
   Google Scholar
• Erikson , E. 1968 . Identity, youth and crisis , New York, NY : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Gentile , B. , Grabe , S. , Dolan-Pascoe , B. , Twenge , J. M. , Wells , B. E. and Maitino , A. 2009 . Gender differences in domain-specific self-esteem: A meta-analysis . Review of General Psychology , 13 : 34 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gore , P. A. Jr . 2000 . “ Cluster analysis ” . In Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling , Edited by: Tinsley , H. E. A. and Brown , S. D. 297 – 321 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Haid , M. L. , Seiffge-Krenke , I. , Molinar , R. , Ciairano , S. , Güney Karaman , N. and Çok , F. 2010 . Identity and future concerns among adolescents from Italy, Turkey and Germany: Intra- and between-cultural comparisons . Journal of Youth Studies , 13 : 369 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline , R B. 2006 . Principles and practices of structural equation modeling , (2nd edition) , New York, NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Luyckx , K. , Goossens , L. and Soenens , B. 2006 . A developmental contextual perspective on identity construction in emerging adulthood: Change dynamics in commitment formation and commitment evaluation . Developmental Psychology , 42 : 366 – 380 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luyckx , K. , Schwartz , S. J. , Berzonsky , M. D. , Soenens , B. , Vansteenkiste , M. Smits , I. 2008 . Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence . Journal of Research in Personality , 42 : 58 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luyckx , K. , Vansteenkiste , M. , Goossens , L. and Duriez , B. 2009 . Basic need satisfaction and identity formation: Bridging self-determination theory and process-oriented identity research . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 56 : 276 – 288 .
   Google Scholar
• Marcia , J. E. 1966 . Development and validation of ego-identity status . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 3 : 551 – 558 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh , H. W. and Hocevar , D. 1985 . Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: First- and higher order models and their invariance across groups . Psychological Bulletin , 97 : 562 – 582 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeus , W. 1996 . Studies on identity development in adolescence: An overview of research and some new data . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 25 : 569 – 598 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeus , W. , Iedema , J. , Helsen , M. and Vollebergh , W. 1999 . Patterns of adolescent identity development: Review of literature and longitudinal analysis . Developmental Review , 19 : 419 – 461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meeus , W. , van de Schoot , R. , Keijsers , L. , Schwartz , S. J. and Branje , S. 2010 . On the progression and stability of adolescent identity formation: A five-wave longitudinal study in early-to-middle and middle-to-late adolescence . Child Development , 81 : 1565 – 1581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norušis , M. J. 2009 . “ Cluster analysis ” . In SPSS 17.0 Statistical procedures companion , Edited by: Norušis , M. J. 361 – 391 . Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Prezza , M. , Trombaccia , F. R. and Armento , L. 1997 . La scala dell'autostima di Rosenberg: Traduzione e validazione italiana [Rosenberg's self-esteem scale: Italian translation and validation] . Bollettino di Psicologia Applicata , 223 : 35 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. 1965 . Society and the adolescent self-image , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Satorra , A. and Bentler , P. M. 1994 . “ Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis ” . In Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research , Edited by: Von Eye , A. and Clogg , C. C. 399 – 419 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz , S. J. 2001 . The evolution of Eriksonian and neo-Eriksonian identity theory and research: A review and integration . Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research , 1 : 7 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz , S. J. , Beyers , W. , Luyckx , K. , Soenens , B. , Zamboanga , B. L. Forthun , L. F. in press . Examining the light and dark sides of emerging adults' identity: A study of identity status differences in positive and negative psychosocial functioning . Journal of Youth and Adolescence ,
   Google Scholar
• Sheldon , K. M. , Elliot , A. J. , Kim , Y. and Kasser , T. 2001 . What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 80 : 325 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinsley , H. E. A. and Brown , S. D. 2000 . Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling , San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar