2,654
Views
127
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Cyberbullying: Development, consequences, risk and protective factors

Cyberbullying in context: Direct and indirect effects by low self-control across 25 European countries

, , , &
Pages 210-227 | Published online: 07 Mar 2012

References

  • Ang , R. P. , Tan , K. A. and Mansor , A. T. 2011 . Normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator of narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 26 ( 13 ) : 2619 – 2634 .
  • Arbuckle , J. L. 2009 . Amos 18 user's guide , Chicago , IL : Amos Development Corporation .
  • 2008 . Cyberbullying among Turkish adolescents . Cyberpsychology and Behavior , 11 ( 3 ) : 253 – 261 . Aricak, T., Siyahhan, S., Uzunhasanoglu, A., Saribeyoglu, S., Ciplak, S., Yilmaz, Y., et al
  • Baumeister , R. F. and Vohs , K. D. 2004 . Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications , New York , NY : Guilford Press .
  • Bentler , P M. 1990 . Comparative fit indexes in structural models . Psychological Bulletin , 107 : 238 – 246 .
  • Bentler , P. M. and Bonett , D. G. 1980 . Significant tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures . Psychological Bulletin , 88 : 588 – 606 .
  • Browne , M. W. and Cudeck , R. 1993 . “ Alternative ways of assessing model fit ” . In Testing structural equation models , Edited by: Bollen , K. A. and Long , J. S. 136 – 162 . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
  • Calvete , E. , Orue , I. , Estévez , A. , Villardón , L. and Padilla , P. 2010 . Cyberbullying in adolescents: Modalities and aggressors' profile . Computers in Human Behavior , 26 : 1128 – 1135 .
  • Cheung , G. W. and Rensvold , R. B. 2002 . Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance . Structural Equation Modeling , 9 : 233 – 255 .
  • 2008 . Researching health inequalities in adolescents: The development of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Family Affluence Scale . Social Science & Medicine , 66 : 1429 – 1436 . Currie, C., Molcho, M., Boyce, W., Holstein, B., Torsheim, T., Richter, M
  • David-Ferdon , C. and Feldman Hertz , M. 2007 . Electronic media, violence, and adolescents: An emerging public health problem . Journal of Adolescent Health , 41 : S1 – S5 .
  • 2010 . Personality, gender, and self-control theory revisited: Results from a sample of institutionalized juvenile delinquents . Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice , 6 ( 1 ) : 31 – 46 . DeLisi, M., Beaver, K. M., Vaughn, M. G., Trulson, C. R., Kosloski, A. E., Drury, A. J., et al
  • Dilmaç , B. 2009 . Psychological needs as a predictor of cyberbullying: A preliminary report on college students . Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice , 9 ( 3 ) : 1291 – 1325 .
  • Duckworth , A. L. 2011 . The significance of self-control . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 108 ( 7 ) : 2639 – 2640 .
  • Duckworth , A. L. and Kern , M. L. 2011 . A meta-analysis of the convergent validity of self-control measures . Journal of Research in Personality , 45(3), 259–268
  • Florell , D. , Ang , R. and Schenck , C. Proactive and reactive aggression in cyberbullying: An international comparison . Poster presented at the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) Annual National Conference . Chicago , IL
  • Gottfredson , M. R. and Hirschi , T. 1990 . General theory of crime , Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press .
  • Hay , C. , Meldrum , R. and Mann , K. 2010 . Traditional bullying, cyber bullying, and deviance: A general strain theory approach . Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice , 26 ( 2 ) : 130 – 147 .
  • 2001 . Bullies, victims, and bully/victims: Distinct groups of at-risk youth . Journal of Early Adolescence , 21 ( 1 ) : 29 – 49 . Haynie, D. L., Nansel, T., Eitel, P., Crump, A. D., Saylor, K., Yu, K., et al
  • Heirman , W. and Walrave , M. 2008 . Assessing concerns and issues about the mediation of technology in cyberbullying . Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace , 2 ( 2 ) (Retrieved from http://www.cyberpsychology.eu/view.php?cisloclanku=2008111401)
  • Hinduja , S. and Patchin , J. W. 2007 . Offline consequences of online victimization: School violence and delinquency . Journal of School Violence , 6 ( 3 ) : 89 – 212 .
  • Hinduja , S. and Patchin , J. W. 2008 . Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization . Deviant Behavior , 29 : 129 – 156 .
  • Hinduja , S. and Patchin , J. W. 2010 . Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide . Archives of Suicide Research , 14 ( 3 ) : 206 – 221 .
  • Hodges , E. , Boivin , M. , Vitaro , F. and Bukowski , W. M. 1999 . The power of friendship: Protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization . Developmental Psychology , 35 : 94 – 101 .
  • Juvonen , J. and Gross , E. F. 2008 . Extending the school grounds? Bullying experiences in cyberspace . Journal of School Health , 78 : 496 – 505 .
  • Kiriakidis , S. P. and Kavoura , A. 2010 . A review of the literature on harassment through the internet and other electronic means . Family and Community Health , 33 ( 2 ) : 82 – 93 .
  • Kowalski , R. N. and Limber , S. P. 2007 . Electronic bullying among middle school students . Journal of Adolescent Health , 41 : S22 – S30 .
  • Kowalski , R. N. , Limber , S. P. and Agatston , W. P. 2008 . Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age , Malden , MA : Blackwell Publishing .
  • Li , Q. 2007 . New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools . Computers in Human Behavior , 23 : 1777 – 1791 .
  • Liu , J. 2004 . Childhood externalizing behavior: Theory and implications . Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing , 17 ( 3 ) : 93 – 103 .
  • Livingstone , S. , Haddon , L. , Görzig , A. , Ólafsson , K. and with members of the EU Kids Online network . 2011 . Risks and safety on the internet. The perspective of European children. Full findings and policy implications from the EU Kids Online survey of 9–16 year olds and their parents in 25 countries (Retrieved from: http://www2.lse.ac.uk/media@lse/research/EUKidsOnline/EUKidsII%20(2009-11)/EUKidsOnlineIIReports/D4FullFindings.pdf)
  • Meade , A. W. , Johnson , E. C. and Braddy , P. W. The utility of alternative fit indices in tests of measurement invariance . Paper presented at the Annual Academy of Management Conference . Atlanta , GA
  • Mitchell , K. J. , Ybarra , M. and Finkelhor , D. 2007 . The relative importance of online victimization in understanding depression, delinquency, and substance use . Child Maltreatment , 12 : 314 – 324 .
  • 2011 . A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 108 ( 7 ) : 2693 – 2698 . Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., et al
  • Murray , K. T. and Kochanska , G. 2002 . Effortful control: Factor structure and relation to externalizing and internalizing behaviors . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 30 : 503 – 514 .
  • Perren , S. , Dooley , J. , Shaw , T. and Cross , D. 2010 . Bullying in school and cyberspace: Associations with depressive symptoms in Swiss and Australian adolescents . Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health , 4 ( 28 ) : 1 – 10 .
  • Raskauskas , J. and Stoltz , A. D. 2007 . Involvement in traditional and electronic bullying among adolescents . Developmental Psychology , 43 : 564 – 575 .
  • Sevcikova , A. and Smahel , D. 2009 . Online harassment and cyberbullying in the Czech Republic: Comparison across age . Zeitschrift für Psychologie , 217 : 227 – 229 .
  • Smith , P. K. , Mahdavi , J. , Carvalho , M. , Fisher , S. , Russell , S. and Tippett , N. 2008 . Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 49 ( 4 ) : 376 – 385 .
  • Spears , B. , Slee , P. , Owens , L. and Johnson , B. 2009 . Behind the scenes and screens: Insights into the human dimension of covert and cyberbullying . Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology , 217 : 189 – 196 .
  • Stoff , D. , Breiling , J. and Maser , J. 1997 . Handbook of antisocial behavior , New York , NY : Wiley .
  • Strom , P. S. and Strom , R. D. 2005 . Cyberbullying by adolescents: A preliminary assessment . The Educational Forum , 70 : 21 – 32 .
  • Suler , J. 2004 . The online disinhibition effect . Cyberpsychology and Behavior , 7 ( 3 ) : 321 – 326 .
  • Tokunaga , R. S. 2010 . Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization . Computers in Human Behavior , 26 : 277 – 287 .
  • Unnever , J. and Cornell , D. G. 2003 . Bullying, self control, and ADHD . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 18 : 129 – 147 .
  • Vandebosch , H. and Van Cleemput , K. 2009 . Cyberbullying among youngsters: Profiles of bullies and victims . New Media Society , 11 ( 8 ) : 1349 – 1371 .
  • Vazsonyi , A. T. and Huang , L. 2010 . Where self-control comes from: On the development of self-control and its relationship to deviance over time . Developmental Psychology , 46 ( 1 ) : 245 – 257 .
  • Vazsonyi , A. T. , Pickering , L. E. , Junger , M. and Hessing , D. 2001 . An empirical test of a general theory of crime: A four-nation comparative study of self-control and the prediction of deviance . Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 38 ( 2 ) : 91 – 131 .
  • Ybarra , M. L. , Diener-West , M. and Lief , P. J. 2007 . Examining the overlap in internet harassment and school bullying: Implications for school intervention . Journal of Adolescent Health , 41 : S42 – S50 .
  • Ybarra , M. L. and Mitchell , K. J. 2004 . Online aggressor/targets, aggressors, and targets: A comparison of associated youth characteristics . Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry , 45 : 1308 – 1316 .
  • Ybarra , M. L. , Mitchell , K. J. , Wolak , J. and Finkelhor , D. 2006 . Examining characteristics and associated distress related to internet harassment: Findings from the second youth internet safety survey . Pediatrics , 118 : 1169 – 1177 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.