Associations between moral identity, social goal orientations, and moral decisions in adolescents

References

• Abbasi-Asl, R., & Hashemi, S. (2019). Personality and morality: Role of the big five personality traits in predicting the four components of moral decision making. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6azqs
   Google Scholar
• Adams, G., & Berzonsky, M. (Eds.). (2006). Blackwell handbook of adolescence. Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous (2021a).
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous (2021b).
   Google Scholar
• Aquino, K., & Reed, A. (2002). Self- importance of moral identity scale. Psyctests, 83(6), 10–11. https://doi.org/10.1037/t08774-000
   Google Scholar
• Barriga, A., Morrison, E., Liau, A., & Gibbs, J. (2001). Moral cognition: Explaining the gender difference in antisocial behavior. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 47(4), 532–562. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2001.0020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellmore, A., Ma, T., You, J., & Hughes, M. (2012). A two-method investigation of early adolescents’ responses upon witnessing peer victimization in school. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1265–1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.04.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasi, A. (1983). Moral cognition and moral action: A theoretical perspective. Developmental Review, 3(2), 178–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2297(83)90029-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasi, A. (1984). Moral identity: Its role in moral functioning. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewirtz (Eds.), Morality, moral behavior and moral development (pp. 128–139). Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Buhrmester, D. (1996). Need fulfillment, interpersonal competence, and the developmental contexts of early adolescent friendship. In W. Bukowski, A. Newcomb, & W. Hartup (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendship in childhood and adolescence (pp. 158–185). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, E. (2003). The ethical teacher. Open University Press. McGraw- Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Caravita, S., & Cillessen, A. (2012). Agentic or communal? Associations between interpersonal goals, popularity, and bullying in middle childhood and early adolescence. Social Development, 21(2), 376–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00632.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: stability and change. Annual review of psychology, 56, 453–484. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, J., Flexas, A., Calabrese, M., Gut, N., & Gomila, A. (2014). Moral judgment reloaded: A moral dilemma validation study. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 607. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, J., & Gomila, A. (2012). Moral dilemmas in cognitive neuroscience of moral decision-making: A principled review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(4), 1249–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christner, N., Pletti, C., & Paulus, M. (2020). Emotion understanding and the moral self- concept as motivators of prosocial behavior in middle childhood. Cognitive Development, 55, 100893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). L. Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Crick, N., & Dodge, K. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 74–101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crick, N., & Dodge, K. (1996). Social information‐processing mechanisms in reactive and proactive aggression. Child Development, 67(3), 993–1002. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01778.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erikson, Erik H. (1974). Identität und Lebenszyklus: Drei Aufsätze. Suhrkamp.
   Google Scholar
• Fatima, S., Dawood, S., & Munir, M. (2020). Parenting styles, moral identity and prosocial behaviors in adolescents. Current Psychology, 41, 902–910 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00609-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics: And sex and drugs and rock “N” roll (4th ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Findley-Van Nostrand, D., & Ojanen, T. (2018). Forms of prosocial behaviors are differentially linked to social goals and peer status in adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 179(6), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2018.1518894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Findley, D., & Ojanen, T. (2013). Agentic and communal goals in early adulthood: Associations with narcissism, empathy, and perceptions of self and others. Self and Identity, 12(5), 504–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2012.694660
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frimer, J., & Walker, L. (2009). Reconciling the self and morality: An empirical model of moral centrality development. Developmental Psychology, 45(6), 1669–1681. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrigan, B., Adlam, A., & Langdon, P. (2018). Moral decision-making and moral development: Toward an integrative framework. Developmental Review, 49, 80–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gini, G., Thornberg, R., Bussey, K., Angelini, F., & Pozzoli, T. (2021). Longitudinal links of individual and collective morality with adolescents’ peer aggression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 51(3), 524–539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01518-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, S. A. (2006). Identity, reasoning, and emotion: An empirical comparison of three sources of moral motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 30(3), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9034-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, S., Bean, D., & Olsen, J. (2015). Moral identity and adolescent prosocial and antisocial behaviors: Interactions with moral disengagement and self-regulation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(8), 1542–1554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0172-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, S., & Carlo, G. (2005). Identity as a source of moral motivation. Human Development, 48(4), 232–256. https://doi.org/10.1159/000086859
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, S., & Carlo, G. (2011). Moral identity: What is it, how does it develop, and is it linked to moral action? Child Development Perspectives, 5(3), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00189.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, D., & Fegley, S. (1995). Altruism and caring in adolescence: Relations to moral judgment and self-understanding and social judgment. Child Development, 66(5), 1346–1359. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131651
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertz, S., & Krettenauer, T. (2016). Does moral identity effectively predict moral behavior? A meta-analysis. Review of General Psychology, 20(2), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, H. G., & Markson, L. (2020). The development of social exclusion detection in early childhood: Awareness of social exclusion does not always align with social preferences. Journal of Cognition and Development, 21(2), 166–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2019.1706521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingsford, J.M., Hawes, D.J., & de Rosnay, M. (2018). The moral self and moral identity: Developmental questions and conceptual challenges. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 36, 652–666. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koglin, U., & Daseking, M. (2017). Fragebogen zur Moralentwicklung im Jugendalter. (Unv eröffentlichte Publikation). Carl von Ossietzky Universität.
   Google Scholar
• Krettenauer, T. (2013). Moral motivation, responsibility and the development of the moral self. In K. Heinrichs, F. Oser, & T. Lovat (Eds.), Handbook of moral motivation: Theories, models, applications (pp. 215–228). Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Krettenauer, T., & Hertz, S. (2015). What develops in moral identities? A critical review. Human Development, 58(3), 137–153. https://doi.org/10.1159/000433502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke, K. D. (2000). Circumplex scales of interpersonal values: Reliability, validity, and applicability to interpersonal problems and personality disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75(2), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7502_6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke, K. D. (2003). Status and solidarity in social comparison: Agentic and communal values and vertical and horizontal directions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 619–631. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden, T., Ellen, P., & Ajzen, I. (1992). A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292181001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, K., Baden, R., & Lochman, J. (2013). Parenting influences on the social goals of aggressive children. Applied Developmental Science, 17(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2013.748423
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojanen, T., & Findley-Van Nostrand, D. (2014). Social goals, aggression, peer preference, and popularity: Longitudinal links during middle school. Developmental Psychology, 50(8), 2134–2143. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojanen, T., & Findley-Van Nostrand, D. (2019). Affective–interpersonal and impulsive–antisocial psychopathy: Links to social goals and forms of aggression in youth and adults. Psychology of Violence, 9(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojanen, T., & Findley-Van Nostrand, D. (2020). Adolescent social goal development: Mean-level changes and prediction by self-esteem and narcissism. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Research and Theory on Human Development, 181(6), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2020.1792401
   Google Scholar
• Ojanen, T., Findley, D., & Fuller, S. (2012). Physical and relational aggression in early adolescence: Associations with narcissism, temperament, and social goals. Aggressive Behavior, 38(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojanen, T., Grönroos, M., & Salmivalli, C. (2005). An interpersonal circumplex model of children’s social goals: Links with peer-reported behavior and sociometric status. Developmental Psychology, 41(5), 699–710. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.5.699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojanen, T., Smith-Schrandt, H. L., & Gesten, E. (2013). Associations among children’s social goals, responses to peer conflict, and teacher-reported behavioral and academic adjustment at school. The Journal of Experimental Education, 81(1), 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2011.635167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orobio de Castro, B. (2004). The development of social information processing and aggressive behaviour: Current issues. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620444000058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oser, F. (2013). Models of moral motivation. In K. Heinrichs, F. Oser, & T. Lovat (Eds.), Handbook of moral motivation: Theories, models, applications (pp. 289–306). Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-275-4_2
   Google Scholar
• Pan, B., Zhang, L., Ji, L., Garandeau, C. F., Salmivalli, C., & Zhang, W. (2020). Classroom status hierarchy moderates the association between social dominance goals and bullying behavior in middle childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(11), 2285–2297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01285-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick, R. B., Bodine, A. J., Gibbs, J. C., & Basinger, K. S. (2018). What accounts for prosocial behavior? Roles of moral identity, moral judgment, and self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 179(5), 231–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2018.1491472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick, R., Rote, W., Gibbs, J., & Basinger, K. (2019). Defend, stand by, or join in? The relative influence of moral identity, moral judgment, and social self-efficacy on adolescents’ bystander behaviors in bullying situations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(10), 2051–2064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01089-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, A., & Aquino, K. (2003). Moral identity and the expanding circle of moral regard towards out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(6), 1270–1286. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmivalli, C., Ojanen, T., Haanpää, J., & Peets, K. (2005). “I’m OK but you’re not” and other peer-relational schemas: Explaining individual differences in children’s social goals. Developmental Psychology, 41(2), 363–375. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.2.363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahnawaz, M. G., Nasir, S., & Rehman, U. (2020). Sadism and cyber aggression: Moral identity as a possible moderator. Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma, 29(8), 969–983. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2019.1575302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith-Schrandt, H. L., Ojanen, T., Gesten, E., Feldman, M. A., & Calhoun, C. D. (2011). Beyond situational ambiguity in peer conflict: unique and combined effects of cues from an antagonist and a best friend. Child development, 82(6), 1921–1937. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01664.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J., McLaughlin, T., & Aspden, K. (2019). Teachers’ perspectives of children’s social behaviours in preschool: Does gender matter? Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 44(4), 408–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/1836939119870889
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonnentag, T., Wadian, T., Barnett, M., Gretz, M., & Bailey, S. (2018). Characteristics associated with individuals’ caring, just, and brave expressions of the tendency to be a moral rebel. Ethics & Behavior, 28(5), 411–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2017.1304821
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stets, J., & Carter, M. (2011). The moral self: Applying identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 74(2), 192–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272511407621
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trucco, E., Wright, A., & Colder, C. (2013). A revised interpersonal circumplex inventory of children’s social goals. Assessment, 20(1), 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111411672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trucco, E., Wright, A., & Colder, C. (2014). Stability and change of social goals in adolescence. Journal of Personality, 82(5), 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Wilt, F., van der Veen, C., van Kruistum, C., & van Oers, B. (2018). Popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, or average: Do young children of different sociometric groups differ in their level of oral communicative competence? Social Development, 27(4), 793–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12316
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visconti, K., Ladd, G., & Kochenderfer-Ladd, B. (2015). The role of moral disengagement in the associations between children’s social goals and aggression. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 61(1), 101–123. https://doi.org/10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.61.1.0101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X. C., Yang, J. P., Wang, P. C., Zhang, Y. X., Li, B., Xie, X. C., & Lei, L. (2020). Deviant peer affiliation and bullying perpetration in adolescents: The mediating role of moral disengagement and the moderating role of moral identity. Journal of Psychology, 154(3), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2019.1696733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller, D., & Lagattuta, K. (2012). Helping the in-group feels better: Children’s judgments and emotion attributions in response to prosocial dilemmas. Child Development, 84(1), 253–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01837.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller, D., & Lagattuta, K. H. (2014). Children’s judgments about prosocial decisions and emotions: Gender of the helper and recipient matters. Child Development, 85(5), 2011–2028. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggins, J., Phillips, N., & Trapnell, P. (1989). Circular reasoning about interpersonal behavior: Evidence concerning some untested assumptions underlying diagnostic classification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 296–305. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar