The role of fear and envy in the discursive construction of the Beijing Olympics in British broadsheets

References

• Bakhtin, M. M. (1981). The dialogic imagination (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays (V. W. McGee, Trans.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barthes , R. 1970 . S/Z , Paris : Editions du Seuil .
   Google Scholar
• Barthes , R. 1977 . Image, music, text , London : Fontana Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bednarek , M. 2008 . Emotion talk across corpora , Houndmills , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Bishop , H. and Jaworski , A. 2003 . We beat ‘em’: Nationalism and the hegemony of homogeneity in the British Press reportage of Germany versus England during Euro 2000 . Discourse and Society , 14 ( 3 ) : 243 – 271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOCOG. (2008, August 8–24). The Official Website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Retrieved from http://www.en.beijing2008.cn/bocog/concepts/
   Google Scholar
• Brownwell , S. 2008 . Beijing's games: What the Olympics mean to China , Lanham , MD : Rowman and Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Chilton , P. 2004 . Analysing political discourse: Theory and practice , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Chilton , P. 2005 . “ Missing links in mainstream CDA: Modules, blends and the critical instinct ” . In A new research Agenda in critical discourse analysis: Theory and interdisciplinarity , Edited by: Chlton , P. and Wodak , R. 19 – 52 . Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Clancy , T. 1988 . Patriot games , London : Harper Collins .
   Google Scholar
• Clarey, C. (2001, July 14). Beijing is awarded 2008 Summer Olympics: Despite worries over rights it wins on second round of voting. The International Herald Tribune, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Close , P. , Askew , D. and Xu , X. 2007 . The Beijing Olympiad: The political economy of a sporting mega-event , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Cosmides , L. 1989 . The logic of social exchange: Has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task . Cognition , 31 : 187 – 276 . (doi:10.1016/0010-0277(89)90023-1)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosmides , L. and Tooby , J. 1992 . “ Cognitive adaptations for social exchange ” . In The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture , Edited by: Barkow , J. , Cosmides , L. and Tooby , J. 163 – 228 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Damasio , A. R. 1994 . Descartes’ error: Emotion, reason and the human brain , New York, NY : Putnam .
   Google Scholar
• Dolan , R. J. 2002 . Emotion, cognition and behaviour . Science , 298 : 1191 – 1194 . (doi:10.1126/science.1076358)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairclough , N. 1995 . Media discourse , London : Bloomsbury Academic .
   Google Scholar
• Fairclough , N. and Wodak , R. 1997 . “ Critical discourse analysis ” . In Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction: Volume 2, discourse as social interaction , Edited by: Van Dijk , T. A. 258 – 284 . London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge (A. M. Sheridan-Smith, Trans.). London: Tavistock Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler , R. 1991 . Language in the news: Discourse and ideology in the press , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Fowler , R. , Hodge , R. , Kress , G. and Trew , T. 1979 . Language and control , Edited by: Fowler , R. , Hodge , R. , Kress , G. and Trew , T. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Franklin, B. (1997). Newszak and news media. London: Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• Halliday , M. A. K. 1985 . An introduction to functional grammar , 2 , London : Edwin Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Halliday , M. A. K. and Matthiessen , C. M. I. M. 2004 . An introduction to functional grammar , 3 , London : Hodder Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Hamann , S. B. , Ely , T. D. , Hoffman , J. M. and Kilts , C. D. 2002 . Ecstasy and agony: Activation of the human amygdala in positive and negative emotion . Psychological Science , 13 ( 2 ) : 135 – 141 . (doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00425)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton , J. 2008 . The austerity Olympics: When the games came to London , London : Aurum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harper , S. 2012 . “ The Chinese are coming! Representations of Chinese soft power in a BBC documentary ” . In China and the west: Encounters with the other in culture, arts, politics and everyday life , Edited by: Hernandez , L. 33 – 44 . Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , C. 2010 . Critical discourse analysis and cognitive science: New perspectives on immigration discourse , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , C. 2011a . Critical discourse studies in context and cognition , Edited by: Hart , C. Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Hart , C. 2011b . Legitimising assertions and the logico-rhetorical module: Evidence and epistemic vigilance in media discourse on immigration . Discourse Studies , 13 ( 6 ) : 751 – 814 . (doi:10.1177/1461445611421360)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , S. E. and Buss , D. M. 2008 . “ The evolutionary psychology of envy ” . In Envy: Theory and research , Edited by: Smith , R. 60 – 70 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hood , S. E. and Martin , J. R. 2007 . “ Invoking attitude: The play of graduation in appraising discourse ” . In Continuing discourse on language: A functional perspective , Edited by: Hasan , R. , Matthiessen , C. M. M. and Webster , J. Vol. 2 , 739 – 764 . London : Equinox .
   Google Scholar
• International Olympic Charter. (2007). Retrieved from http://www.olympic.org
   Google Scholar
• Irwin , W. , Davidson , R. J. , Lowe , M. J. , Mock , B. J. , Sorenson , J. A. and Turski , P. A. 1996 . Human amygdala activation detected with echo-planar functional magnetic resonance imaging . Neuroreport , 7 : 1765 – 1769 . (doi:10.1097/00001756-199607290-00014)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isenberg , N. , Silbersweig , O. , Engelien , A. , Malavade , B. , Beattie , A. , Leon , C. and Stern , E. 1999 . Linguistic threat activates amygdala . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 19 : 10456 – 10459 . (doi:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10456)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kensinger , E. A. and Schacter , D. L. 2008 . “ Memory and emotion ” . In The handbook of emotions , 3 , Edited by: Lewis , M. and Barrett , J. M. 601 – 607 . New York, NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , M. 1988 . Envy and gratitude and other works 1946–1963 , London : Virago .
   Google Scholar
• Kress , G. and Hodge , R. 1979 . Language as ideology , London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Kress , G. and Van Leeuwen , T. 2006 . Reading images: The grammar of visual design , 2 , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Kristeva , J. 1969 . Séméiotiké: Recherches pour une Sémanalyse , Paris : Editions du Seuil .
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff, G. (1991). Metaphor and war: The metaphor system used to justify war in the Gulf. Retrieved from http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Scholarly/Lakoff_Gulf_Metaphor_1.html
   Google Scholar
• Lawton, J. (2001, July 14). Olympic Games: The discredited fantasy of the Olympic ideal. The Independent, p. 5.
   Google Scholar
• Lovell , J. 2009 . “ Prologue: Beijing 2008 – the mixed messages of contemporary Chinese nationalism ” . In Beijing 2008: Preparing for glory: Chinese challenge in the ‘Chinese Century’ , Edited by: Mangan , J. A. and Dong , J. 8 – 28 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Mackay, D., & Chaudhary, V. (2001, July 14). Human Rights Alarm as Beijing Wins Race for 2008 Olympic Games. The Guardian, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Martin , J. R. 2000 . “ Beyond exchange: Appraisal systems in English ” . In Evaluation in text: Authorial stance and the construction of discourse , Edited by: Hunston , S. and Thompson , G. 142 – 175 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , J. R. 2001 . “ Fair trade: Negotiating meaning in multimodal texts ” . In The semiotics of writing: Transdisciplinary perspectives on the technology of writing , Edited by: Coppock , P. 311 – 338 . Turnhout : Brepols .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , J. R. and White , P. R. R. 2005 . The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Mawdsley , E. 2008 . Fu Manchu versus Dr Livingstone in the Dark Continent? Representing China, Africa and the West in British Broadsheet Newspapers . Political Geography , 27 : 509 – 529 . (doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2008.03.006)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noyce , P. 1992 . Patriot games , Los Angeles , , CA : Paramount Pictures .
   Google Scholar
• Rennie, D. (2001, July 14). China spins its way to olympic triumph. The Daily Telegraph, p. 4.
   Google Scholar
• Richardson , J. E. 2004 . (Mis)Representing Islam: The racism and rhetoric of the British broadsheet press , Amsterdam : John Benjamins .
   Google Scholar
• Richardson , J. E. 2007 . Analysing newspapers: An approach from critical discourse analysis , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Sperber , D. 1994 . “ The modularity of thought and the epidemiology of representations ” . In Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture , Edited by: Hirschfeld , L. and Gelman , S. A. 39 – 67 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sperber , D. 2000 . “ Metarepresentations in an evolutionary perspective ” . In Metarepresentation: A multidisciplinary perspective , Edited by: Sperber , D. 117 – 138 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sperber , D. 2001 . An evolutionary perspective on testimony and argumentation . Philosophical Topics , 29 : 401 – 413 . (doi:10.5840/philtopics2001291/215)
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , S. F. , Liberzon , I. and Koeppe , R. A. 1998 . The effect of graded aversive stimuli on limbic and visual activation . Neuropsychologia , 38 : 1415 – 1425 . (doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(00)00032-4)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Daily Telegraph. (2008, March 13). p. 19.
   Google Scholar
• The Daily Telegraph. (2008, August 9). pp. 1, 2.
   Google Scholar
• The Daily Telegraph. (2008, March 17). p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• The Guardian. (2008, March 12). p. 24.
   Google Scholar
• The Guardian. (2008, March 17). p. 3.
   Google Scholar
• The Guardian. (2008, March 22). pp. 6–7.
   Google Scholar
• The Guardian. (2008, August 9). pp. 1, 8.
   Google Scholar
• The Independent. (2008, August 9) pp. 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• The Independent. (2008, March 21). p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• The Sunday Times. (2007, August 12). p. 25.
   Google Scholar
• The Times. (2008, March 12), p. 35.
   Google Scholar
• The Times. (2008, August 9). pp. 1, 2.
   Google Scholar
• Tian , P. 2010 . “ Playing with ‘Femininity’: An intermodal analysis of the bilingual picture book The Ballad of Mulan ” . In New discourse on language: Functional perspectives on multimodality, identity and affiliation , Edited by: Bednarek , M. and Martin , J. R. 134 – 162 . London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2008). The evolutionary psychology of the emotions and their relationship to internal regulatory variables. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. Feldman Barett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 114–137). London: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tolstoy, L. N. ([1869] 1983). War and peace (R. Edmonds, Trans.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Classics.
   Google Scholar
• Trew , T. 1979 . “ Theory and ideology at work ” . In Language and control , Edited by: Fowler , R. , Hodge , R. , Kress , G. and Trew , T. 94 – 116 . London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk , T. A. 1987 . Communicating racism: Ethnic prejudice in thought and talk , Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk , T. A. 2008 . Discourse and power , Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• White, P. R. R. (2001). The appraisal website. Retrieved from http://grammatics.com/appraisal/
   Google Scholar
• Ye, J. (2008, March 22). Riot reports show media bias in the west. China Daily, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Žižek , S. 2008a . Violence: Six sideways reflections , London : Pine Street .
   Google Scholar
• Žižek, S. (2008b). No Shangri-la. London Review of Books, 24 April.
   Google Scholar